Introduction to smd technology

What is it?

Surface mount technology, also known by the

acronym SMT for surface-mount technology, is the
most widely used construction method for electronic
devices today.
It is used for both active and passive components, and
is based on surface-mounted components (SMC) on
the surface of the printed circuit.
Both the equipment thus constructed and the surface
mount components can be called surface mount
devices or SMD (surface-mount device).
Connections are made by flat contacts, a matrix of
spheres at the bottom of the package, or metal
terminations at the edges of the component.

Advantages of this
technology

Reduce weight and dimensions.

Reduce manufacturing costs.
Reduce the number of holes that need to be drilled in
the plate.
Allow greater automation in the equipment
manufacturing process.
Allow integration on both sides of the printed circuit.
Reduce electromagnetic interference thanks to the
smaller size of the contacts (important at high
frequencies).
Improve performance under conditions of vibration or
mechanical stress.
In the case of passive components, such as resistors and
capacitors, the values are much more accurate.
Assemble more precise.
 The printed circuit

What is it?

In electronics, a printed circuit board is a surface

made up of paths, tracks or buses of conductive
material laminated on a non-conductive base. The
printed circuit is used to electrically connect through
the conductive tracks, and mechanically support, by
means of the base, a set of electronic components.
The tracks are generally copper, while the base is
generally made of fiberglass reinforced resins,
ceramic, plastic, Teflon, or polymers such as Bakelite.

In short, to streamline learning; the printed circuit

makes up the board where the components will be
mounted.

Tinned and anti-solder

mask

The pads and surfaces on which the components will be

mounted are usually metallized, since bare copper is not
easily weldable.
Traditionally, all exposed copper was metallized with
solder.
This solder used to be a lead-tin alloy, however, new
compounds are being used to comply with the European
Union's RoHS directive, which restricts the use of lead.
Edge connectors, which are made on the sides of cards,
are often gold plated.
Gold plating is sometimes done on the entire card.
 Tin and solder pads

¿Qué esWhat is it??  

Tin is a chemical element, symbol Sn.

It melts at a low temperature; it has great fluidity
when melted and has a high boiling point.
Solder tin is not pure tin, but an alloy, usually tin and
lead.
The ideal composition is 60% tin to 40% lead with the
addition of resin (flux) to facilitate tinning, but in the
traditional composition used by electronic
components to be mounted on the printed circuit,
this tin does not contain the alloy. with lead for
polluting reasons and it is for this reason that in the
type of contact solder with tin balls
(BGA solder) it does not have the consistency that
lead alloy generates, and the solder deforms more
easily than fusion with Pb.

Solder pads

Basically the solder pads are the contacts

that join the tracks drawn on the printed circuit
that connect the various components that will be
assembled and assembled to form electronic circuits.

Smd components
An SMD component is an electronic component that
is soldered directly onto the surface of the PCB.
 Types of smd components
There are many types of smd components, but today we will see the main and most common that we
can find on laptop motherboards, cell phones and TV among others.

TANTALUM CAPACITORS
These types of electronic components are mainly linked to laptop, desktop,
all in one and TV motherboards among others.
On the pcb, if it has printed the component number linked to the
motherboard schematic, we will see it identified with the letter C.

It should be noted that these components have a variety of different models,

the most common to find are those, accompanied by the letter C drawn on the printed circuit,
but there are also these capacitors of another color, for example yellow.
 Types of smd components
There are many types of smd components, but today we will see the main and most common that we
can find on laptop motherboards, cell phones and TV among others.

CERAMIC CAPACITORS
These types of electronic components are mainly linked to laptop, desktop,
all in one and TV motherboards among others.
On the pcb, if it has printed the component number linked to the
motherboard schematic, we will see it identified with the letter C.

It should be noted that these components have a great physical similarity to coils
(silkscreened with the letter L) but they stand out for having a firm dark golden color.
 Types of smd components
There are many types of smd components, but today we will see the main and most common that we
can find on laptop motherboards, cell phones and TV among others.

COILS
On the pcb, if it has printed the component number linked to the
motherboard schematic, we will see it identified with the letter L.

It should be noted that these components have a variety of different models,

the most common to find are those, accompanied by the letter L drawn on the printed circuit.
 Types of smd components
There are many types of smd components, but today we will see the main and most common that we
can find on laptop motherboards, cell phones and TV among others.

TRANSISTORS
On the pcb, if it has printed the component number linked to the
motherboard schematic, we will see it identified with the letter Q.

It should be noted that these components have a variety of different models,

the most common to find are those, accompanied by the letter Q drawn on the printed circuit
 Types of smd components
There are many types of smd components, but today we will see the main and most common that we
can find on laptop motherboards, cell phones and TV among others.

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
On the pcb, if it has printed the component number linked to the
motherboard schematic, we will see it identified with the letter U.

It should be noted that these components have a variety of different models, generally they are
multi-pin components accompanied by the letter U drawn on the printed circuit.
 Types of smd components
There are many types of smd components, but today we will see the main and most common that we
can find on laptop motherboards, cell phones and TV among others.

RESISTORS
On the pcb, if it has printed the component number linked to the
motherboard schematic, we will see it identified with the letter R.

It should be noted that these components have a variety of different models, usually dark black
accompanied by the letter R drawn on the printed circuit.
 Types of smd components
There are many types of smd components, but today we will see the main and most common that we
can find on laptop motherboards, cell phones and TV among others.

FUSES
On the pcb, if it has printed the component number linked to the
motherboard schematic, we will see it identified with the letter F.

It should be noted that these components have a variety of different models,

accompanied by the letter F drawn on the printed circuit.
 Component replacement

Next we will see the main tools to extract and solder smd components

HOT AIR STATION

Hot air soldering stations are equipped with hot air guns and are used in
cases where just one soldering iron is not enough (such as large, multi-
contact surface mount electronics (SMD)).
 Component replacement

Next we will see the main tools to extract and solder smd components

DIGITAL MULTIMETER
A digital multimeter is a testing instrument used to measure two or more electrical
values, primarily voltage (volts), current (amps), and resistance (ohms). It is a standard
diagnostic tool for technicians in the electrical and electronic industries.
 Component replacement

Next we will see the main tools to extract and solder smd components

TIN SOLDERING IRON

An electric soldering iron, also known as a soldering iron, is an electric tool
used for soldering. It works by converting electrical energy into heat, which
in turn causes the material used in soldering, such as tin, to melt.
 Component replacement

Next we will see the main tools to extract and solder smd components

SOLDER PASTE ( FLUX )

Solder flux, also known as solder flux, is a chemical product, generally in the
form of a fluid paste, which, when applied to the components to be
soldered, eliminates the existing oxide between them, substantially
increasing the quality of the solder.
 Component replacement

Next we will see the main tools to extract and solder smd components

ANTI STATIC TWEEZERS

Anti-static Tweezers (ESD TWEEZERS) has many features like good elasticity,
lightweight and easy to use, static electricity discharge. ... It is the common
anti-static tool frequently used in mobile phone repair station or electrical
laboratory.
 Component replacement

Next we will see the main tools to extract and solder smd components

TIN WIRE
Tin soldering consists of joining the parts to be soldered so that they touch
and covering them with a drop of molten tin that, once cooled, will
constitute a true union, especially from an electronic point of view, for this
the best thing is that the tin be in threads.
 Component replacement

Next we will show the process of extraction and welding of smd components, taking into account that
the extraction is carried out by configuring the welding station in maximum power and medium air.

COMPONENT EXTRACTION
We select the component we want to extract and add flux.
 Component replacement

Next we will show the process of extraction and welding of smd components, taking into account that
the extraction is carried out by configuring the welding station in maximum power and medium air.

COMPONENT EXTRACTION
We place the nozzle of our hot air gun 1 centimeter from the component.
 Component replacement

Next we will show the process of extraction and welding of smd components, taking into account that
the extraction is carried out by configuring the welding station in maximum power and medium air.

COMPONENT EXTRACTION
We proceed with the help of the clamp to go around the component in
circles until we see that the tin has reached its boiling point
 Component replacement

Next we will show the process of extraction and welding of smd components, taking into account that
the extraction is carried out by configuring the welding station in maximum power and medium air.

COMPONENT EXTRACTION
We proceed to the extraction of the surface mount integrated.
 Component replacement

Next we will show the process of cleaning the printed circuit.

CLEANING THE PRINTED CIRCUIT

A simple and effective technique to carry out this work

Isopropyl alcohol is one of the elements widely used to clean electronic boards, basically to release
moisture and working in the ultrasonic tub there are also detergents specially designed for cleaning
electronic circuits to remove grease and residual flux.

Simply enough with a toothbrush and this type of alcohol, all you need is to wet the brush with
alcohol and rub the area of the pcb where I do the work.
It's that easy.
 Final

WE REACHED THE END ...

I hope the material has helped you start your career as

electronics technicians and encourage them to continue studying.
Thank you all.

In the following link you can acquire audiovisual information

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMyqePi8RiEZAJlmjLohjHg