The carbon cycle involves

several main steps that describe the movement and transformation of carbon between
different reservoirs on Earth. Here are the key steps in the carbon cycle:

Carbon Fixation:
Carbon fixation is the process by which carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is
converted into organic carbon compounds by photosynthetic organisms. Plants, algae,
and some bacteria use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and
other organic molecules through photosynthesis.

Respiration:
Respiration is the process in which living organisms, including plants, animals, and
microbes, break down organic carbon compounds to release energy. During
respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are oxidized, and carbon dioxide is
produced as a byproduct. This carbon dioxide is released back into the atmosphere.

Decomposition:
When plants and animals die or produce waste, their organic carbon is broken down
by decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi. Decomposition releases carbon dioxide
back into the atmosphere as a result of microbial respiration.

Combustion:
Combustion is the process of burning organic matter, including fossil fuels (coal, oil,
and natural gas) and biomass (wood, crops, and biofuels). When these substances are
burned, carbon stored in them combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
Combustion releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and is a significant
contributor to the increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere.

Absorption and Dissolution:

Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can dissolve in the surface waters of oceans and
other bodies of water. Some of this dissolved carbon dioxide is used by marine
organisms, such as phytoplankton, to carry out photosynthesis. The carbon can then
be passed through the food chain, with some of it eventually sinking to the ocean floor
as dead organisms and organic matter.

Sedimentation and Burial:

Over long periods, organic matter and sediments containing carbon can accumulate
and be buried in oceans, lakes, and other bodies of water. Through geological
processes, these sediments can become compacted and eventually form sedimentary
rocks, such as limestone, shale, and coal. This process locks away carbon from the
atmosphere for millions of years.

Weathering and Erosion:

Over time, rocks containing carbon can undergo weathering, releasing carbon dioxide
into the water and atmosphere. Erosion of land can transport carbon-rich sediments
and organic matter into rivers, which eventually flow into oceans, contributing to the
carbon cycle.
Extraction and Combustion of Fossil Fuels:
Human activities involve the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels, releasing
carbon that has been stored underground for millions of years back into the
atmosphere. This process contributes to the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
levels and is a significant driver of climate change.

These steps illustrate the continuous cycling of carbon between the atmosphere, land,
oceans, and living organisms. The carbon cycle plays a crucial role in regulating the
Earth's climate and maintaining the carbon balance on our planet.