Httprepository Unp Ac id201881LENI20MARLINA-1 PDF

The type of English pronunciation accepted as the teaching norm
in our country.
A minimal abstract linguistic unit realized in speech in the form
of speech sounds
Qualitative or quantitative weakening of vowels in unstressed
positions
The science of speech sounds considered as elements of
language.
The type of word stress in English
Complete loss of sounds
The class of consonants in the production of which a complete
obstruction is formed
The class of consonants in the production of which an
incomplete obstruction is formed
The founder of the phoneme theory
The linguist who introduced the term “Received Pronunciation”
A minimal pronounceable unit into which sounds show a
tendency to cluster of group themselves
The type of syllables that is fundamental in English
This sound in English never occurs word finally
The type of English Pronunciation where length is not distinctive
feature of vowels
A set of symbols representing speech sounds
Sounds consisting of voice only
Sounds characterized by close articulation
The adaptive modification of a consonant by a neighbouring
consonant in the speech chain.
The method of phonological analysis mainly used by
phoneticians of structuralist school
The type of English Pronunciation where words of French origin
have stress on the final syllable
In this language all the vowels are generally divided into long
and short
This type of notation provides special symbols for all the
phonemes of a language
The branch of phonetics that studies the way in which the air is
set
Theinbranch
motion,
of the movements
phonetics of the the
that studies speech
wayorgans andthe
in which theair
coordination of these movements in the production of
vibrates between the speaker’s mouth and the listener’s earsingle
sounds and trains of sounds
The branch of phonetics investigating the hearing process
Being a powerful visual aid it is a good basis for teaching the
pronunciation
The representation of the sounds of one language as nearly as
possible by the letters and letter combinations of another
language
The majority of alphabetic transcriptions used in teaching foreign
languages are based on
The kind of phonetic notation used by explanatory dictionaries in
the USA
The form of pronunciation most commonly described in books
on the phonetics of British English and traditionally taught to
foreigners
The type of English Pronunciation where rolled [r] (of the
Russian type) is used in all positions
The most wide spread type of educated American speech
Voiced consonants are
Voiceless consonants are
According to the view originated by L.V.Sherba the phoneme is
Two major classes of sounds traditionally distinguished by
phoneticians in any language
The four components of the phonetic system of language
(phonemic, syllabic, accentual and intentional) all constitute its
According to the work of the vocal cords noise consonants may
be
Consonants made with the tip of the tongue projected between
the teeth
Consonants articulated in the glottis
Consonants made by the lips
Consonants articulated with the tip against the upper teeth ridge
A word or a group of words characterized by a certain intonation
pattern and completed from the point of meaning
The first philologist to found the branch of phonetics which is
concerned with the study of the purely linguistic aspect of speech
sounds
According to V.A.Vassilyev there are two large groups of
consonants
A set of symbols for each phoneme of the language
The science studying the correlation between the phonetic
systems of two or more languages
The science whose aim is to trace and establish the successive
changes in the phonetic system of a given language at different
stages of its historical development
This sound in English never occurs at the beginning of a word
This sound in English never occurs word finally
What is Lexicology?
Descriptive lexicology deals with the … of a particular language
Special lexicology studies lexical units of…
Synchronic lexicology deals with the vocabulary of the
language…
Point out the example which consists only of Indo-European
words:
Point out the example which consists only of Common Germanic
words:
What is Assimilation?
Point out etymological doublets:

What is affixation?
Point out the neutral prefix:
Point out the noun-suffixes:
Find the example of phraseological fusion:
What does semaseology study?
Define the type of affix: unjust?
Define the type of affix: justify?
Define the type of affix: unreasonable?
Define the type of affix: overkind?
Define the type of affix: overfeed?
Define the type of affix: careless?
Define the type of affix: suitable ?
Define the types of prefixes: enrich?
Define the types of prefixes: coexist?
Define the types of prefixes: disagree?
Define the types of prefixes: undergo?
Define the types of prefixes: anti-war?
Define the types of prefixes: uneasy?
Define the types of prefixes: super-human?
Define the types of prefixes: ex-champion?
Define the types of prefixes: co-author?
Define the types of prefixes: disharmony?
Define the type of affix: unknown?
Define the type of affix: tigress ?
Define the type of affix: stability?
Define the type of affix: courageous ?
Define the type of affix: changeable?
Lexicography is the science of ... .
What do the New Word Dictionaries contain?
Define the type of the dictionary: English-Russian Dictionary?
Define the type of the dictionary: Anglo-Saxon Dictionary?
All the dictionaries can be devided into...?
Define the type of affix: discouragement?
Define the type of affix: waitress ?
Define the type of affix: stability?
Point out Compound words which are joined together with a
special linking-element?
Point out Derivational compound adjectives?
What is Lexicology?
language…
What is affixation?
Choose the correct definition of the morpheme.
Choose the correct definition of the word.
Choose the correct definition of the sentence.
Choose the correct definition of the object of morphology.
Find the correct definition of a simple stem
Find the correct definition of a compound stem
Find the correct definition of a derivative stem
Choose the correct definition of analytical types of word-form
derivation.
Choose the correct meaning of the adjectives
Choose the correct meaning of the numeral
Choose the correct meaning of the verb
Find the only morphological category the adjective possesses
Find out the right definition of the function of the Indicative
Mood
Find out the right definition of the function of the Imperative
Mood
Choose the part of speech the following words belong to: indeed,
perhaps, luckily
Choose the part of speech the following words belong to:
extreme, reddish, wooden
State the type of adverbial modifier used in the sentence: Nobody
had slept in the bed.
State the type of adverbial modifier used in the sentence: I
stopped in order to read an advertisement.
State the type of adverbial modifier used in the sentence: Before
going she looked back.
State the type of adverbial modifier used in the sentence: If
necessary, it might be done at once.
Choose the right basic unit of syntax.
Choose the right definition of a simple sentence.
Choose the right definition of a composite sentence.
Choose the right definition of a complex sentence.
Choose the only Grammar category which belongs to the
adjective.
Choose the part of speech the following words belong to:
authoress, employee, naturalist
Choose the cases of Modern English personal pronouns:
Choose the group the following English nouns belong to: cattle,
poultry, leafage.
Find root morphemes in the following words: reproduction,
missionary, brotherhood
Choose the noun forming suffixes:
Choose the adjective forming suffixes:
Choose the specific category of the sentence:
Choose the correct definition of the term “prefix”
Choose the correct definition of the term “root”
Choose the correct definition of the term “suffix”
Choose the correct definition of the term “objective verb”
Three parts of language
What are the basic syntactical notions?
In Modern English word combinations can be classified into:
According to the purpose of the utterance sentences are devided
into:
Choose the basic syntactical notions
Syntactical relations in subordinate word combinations:
Ways of connecting words into word combinations and
sentences.
language…
The weakening of a sound due to a decrease in the tenseness of
the speech organs resulting in the loss of some characteristics by
the sound
A type of pronunciation used by educated native speakers of the
language which they learn at school
The reason why RP is accepted as the teaching norm in our
country
The most distinctive feature of Northern English Pronunciation
The term phonetics comes from
All the movements and positions of the speech organs necessary
to
Thepronounce
branch ofaphonetics
speech sound
which is concerned with the study,
description and classification of speech sounds as regards their
production by the human speech apparatus
The basic units of any language to make up the material forms of
all
Theitsbranch
morphemes and words
of phonetics which is concerned with the study of the
acoustic aspect of speech sounds,
The smallest meaningful part of a namely
word of all the components
of the sound matter of language
The dropping out of the sound
Speech sounds capable of forming a syllable
A syllable which ends in a vowel sound
A syllable which ends in a consonant sound
The English vowel sounds are generally divided into
The type of English pronunciation accepted as the teaching norm
in our country.
A minimal abstract linguistic unit realized in speech in the form
of speech sounds
The term phonetics comes from
The founder of the phoneme theory
The branch of phonetics investigating the hearing process
Three parts of language
What are the basic syntactical notions?
According to the purpose of the utterance sentences are devided
into:
Choose the basic syntactical notions
Syntactical relations in subordinate word combinations:
Ways of connecting words into word combinations and
sentences.
What is Lexicology?
language…
Point out the example which consists only of Indo-European
words:
Point out the example which consists only of Common Germanic
words:
What is Assimilation?
Point out etymological doublets:
What is affixation?
Point out the neutral prefix:
Point out the noun-suffixes:
Find the example of phraseological fusion:
What does semaseology study?
Define the type of affix: unjust?
When did Roman legions under Emperor Claudius invade
Britain?
Find out the Old East Germanic language in the list given below.
What language was spoken in the British Isles prior to the
Germanic invasion?
When is the Proto – Germanic supposed to have split from
related Indo – European tongues?
When did Ulfilas, a West Gothic bishop, make a translation of
the Gospels from Greek into Gothic using a modified form of the
Greek alphabet?
When did the Danish scholar, Carl Verner discover an important
series of consonant changed in P.G.
Find out the OLD West Germanic Language in the List given
below.
Choose the date of the first written records in Old High German
Choose the date of the establishment of the Written Standard of
New High German.
Choose the date of the first written record in Old Dutch.
Choose the date of the first written records in Old Icelandic.
Choose the name of the bishop who made a translation of the
Gospels from Greek into Gothic in the 4th c.
Choose the name of the historian who made the first mention of
Germanic tribes.
Choose the name of writer of “Commentaries on the Gallic War”
Choose the name of the writer of “Natural History” (1st c. A.D.)
Choose the name of the historian who compiled a detailed
description of the life and customs of the ancient Teutons:
Choose the date of the first publication of Ulfilas Gospels.
Choose the number of the parts the word consisted of in P.G.
Choose the names of the verbs the bulk of the verbs in PG fall
into.
Choose the date of Celtic migrations and expansion.
Choose the name of the writer of first history of England:
What is the date of the Anglo – Saxon invasion of Britain
according to Bede?
When was the first attempt to introduce the Roman Christian
religion to Anglo – Saxon Britain made?
When did the Danes carry out their first raids on Britain?
Define the dates of the Pre-written period in the history of the
English language also called Early Old English.
Choose the dates of the Famous Viking Age.
Choose the dates of the second period in the history of English.
The Roman occupation of Britain lasted:
Choose the name of the capital of Wessex during the reign of
Alfred.
Choose the name of the OE dialect of the Jutes.
Choose the date when “Beowulf” was written.
Choose the date of the first English written records.
Define the total number of Scandinavian borrowings belonging
to Standard English.
What is the date of the Norman invasion of Britain?
What is the date of the introduction of printing?
Define the dates of the 5th period Early New English.
The theoretical grammar is a science, that …
Language in the narrow sense of the word is …
What is the morpheme?
What are the main characteristics of the notional parts of speech?
What is the word?
According to their meaning the verbs can be:
Which of the following is not a feature of the sentence?
What is the elliptical sentence?
How many grammatical categories do the finite forms of the verb
have?
What is O. Jespersen‘s viewpoint on the problem of the members
of the sentence?
What is the purpose of the theoretical grammar of the English
language?
O. Jespersen is a representative of …
The main criteria of classification of parts of speech are:
Traditional classification of the morpheme is a division of the
word into…
Choose the date of the first English written records.
Choose the dates of the second period in the history of English.
According to their meaning and function in a sentence the verbs
are classified into …
What is predication?
From the point of view of their structure, sentences can be:
Which of the following is a definition of the subject?
What does Lexicology, a brunch of linguistics study?
What is the name of the area of lexicology specializing in the
semantic studies of the word?
What do we mean by external structure of the word?
What is the smallest meaningful unit of speech?
Which words do we call homonyms?
By borrowing (or loan- word) we mean a word which came …
The conversion, derivation and composition are ... .
All morphemes are subdivided into two large classes: .... and ....
The process of affixation consists in coining a new word by ... .
What three aspects of composition are there in the English
language?
What are the four types which represent the main structural
types of Modern English words?
Can we define the language spoken in the USA as an American
language?
The term ______________is of Greek origin / from «lexis» -
«word» and «logos» - «science»/ .
________________ is the part of linguistics which deals with the
vocabulary and characteristic features of words and word-groups.
The term ____________is used to denote the system of words

and word-groups that the language possesses.
The ________________ is the smallest meaningful language
unit.
The branch of lexicology which deals with the meaning is called
__________.
___________________ are words different in meaning but
identical in sound or spelling, or both in sound and spelling.
_________________are words different in their outer aspects,

but identical or similar in their inner aspects.
_______________are words belonging to the same part of
speech, identical in style, expressing contrary or contradictory
notions.
____________________dictionaries describe different objects,
phenomena, people and give some data about them.
________________ dictionaries describe vocabulary units, their
semantic structure, their origin, their usage. Words are usually
given in the alphabetical order.
Linguistic dictionaries are divided into ____________ and
____________ .
______________ dictionaries describe idioms and colloquial
phrases, proverbs. Some of them have examples from literature.
among words.
Which words do we call homonyms?
What is the synonym of the word Annoy?
What is the synonym of the word Trade?
What is the synonym of the word Assure?
What is the synonym of the word Bargain?
What is the synonym of the word Respond?
What is the antonym of the word Bitter?
What is the antonym of the word Chilly?
What is the antonym of the word Complex?
The term «lexicology» is_________________________ .
________________ are words different in sound and in meaning
but accidentally identical in spelling.
____________________ are words of the same sound but of
different spelling and meaning.
________________ are words different in sound but most nearly
alike or exactly the same in meaning.
Two or more words identical in sound and spelling but different
in meaning, distribution and (in many cases) origin are
called_____________________ .
The branch of linguistics concerned with the meaning of words
and word equivalents is called ____________________ .
Give a homophone to ‘suite’
Give a homophone to ‘sew’
Define the type of composition in the word ‘sunflower’
Define the type of composition in the word ‘handicraft’
Define the type of composition in the word ‘son-in-law’
The smallest meaningful language unit
The main way of enriching vocabulary
One of the most productive ways of word-building

Define the origin of the word ‘opera’
Define the origin of the word ‘steppe’
Homophones are…
Define the type of borrowing ‘solar’
Complete the simile ‘as busy as a …’
Give homophone to ‘fare’
Give homophone to ‘hear’
Define the type of word-building in the word ‘re-think
Define a feminine suffix
Define the type of word-building process in a word ‘earthquake’
Define the type of word-building process in a word ‘honey-
mooner’
Define the etimology of the word ‘genre’
Define the etimology of the word “bouquet’’
Give homophone to ‘paw’
Lexicology is …
By external structure of the word we mean its
The internal structure of the word is its…
The totality of words in a language…
The system of the grammatical forms of a word is.

Give adjective of Latin origin to ‘sun’
Complete the simile ‘as fast as….’
Complete the simile ‘ as light as …’
Complete the simile ‘ as black as …’
Complete the proverb ‘a new broom…’
Complete the proverb ‘fortune favours…’
The smallest indivisible two-faced language unit is…
Words which are no longer used in everyday speech
The theory and practice of compiling dictionaries
Affixless way of word-building
Define words which are made by doubling a stem
The ability of words to have more than one meaning
The process of development of a new meaning or a change of
meaning is termed…
Transference based on resemblance
Transference based on contiguity
Define the type of transference in 'a neck of the bottle'
The word TV is a case of
Define the word with diminutive suffix
Define the word with diminutive suffix
Functional suffixes can be called
Inner form of the word is..
Synchronic approach deals with
Descriptive lexicology deals with
Syntagmatic relationships are studied by
Etymology
Onomatopoeia
Define the type of word-bulding in ‘Blue-eyed’
Define the type of compound in ‘Heartache’
Define the type of compound in ‘Forget-me-not’
Define the type of compound in ‘Lily-of-the-valley’
Define the type of compound in ‘Statesman’
Define adjective-forming suffix
Define a negative prefix
Define a negative prefix
Ancient or obselete word, or style, or idiom gone out of current

use
Define a monosemantic word
Colloquial style
Define the international word:
Find the synonym to the word ‘to begin’:
Define the structural type of the word ‘flu’:
A figure of speech in which an inoffensive word or expression is
substituted for an unpleasant
Who spoke of the semantic change in phraseological units
A short familiar epigrammatic saying expressing popular
wisdom, a truth or a moral lesson
Semantic opposition, contrast
The existence within one word of only one meaning
Word-formation where the target word is formed by combining
two or more stems
Combining parts of two words to form one word
Semasiology is a branch of linguistics devoted to the study of:
Define the nature of semantic change in 'the teeth of a saw'
Descriptive lexicology deals with

Syntagmatic relationships are studied by
Historical lexicology studies:
There are 2 principle approaches in linguistic science they are :
What is the aim of lexicology:
Define of word-building of the word «cock-a doodle-do»:
Who is the author of the dictionary «words and idioms»
What is the basic unit of the lexicology?
Give definition of the stem:
When two or more unrelated meanings are associated with
the same form the word is:
When two or more forms are associated with the same meaning
the word is called:
Define the simple neutral compound
They consist of two stems + affix
Find euphemism for the word ‘mad’
Complete the comparison 'to smoke like a'
What are the two main approaches to the study of language
material:
The style of language of every day life which answers the needs
of communication
Phraseology studies
Which of the given words stand for the American variant of the
word flat
What is the meaning of the underlined parts of words
monolingual, monosyllable, monologue
Which of the following words are international
Which of the following words is the British variant of the
American fall
The word TV is a case of
Which of the following words are homonyms proper
Which of the following lines contains only form words
Complete the idiom “to be like as…” using one of the following
words
The difference between the British and American English is
noticeable in the field of
Semantically morphemes are classified as
Lexicography deals with
In the phrase “I see thee in my dreams” thee is …
The stem of root or morpheme words contains
Which part of lexicology studies the evolution of vocabulary
Which of the following words are compounds
Seeds of evil is
Set expression “tooth and nail” functions like a (an)
Which of the following dictionaries are general ones
Suffixes –able, -ible are of
Check for the case of a hyperbole in the following
Dictionaries of toponyms are
Which of the following line has words belonging to terminology
A proverb is
Complete the following idiom as sly as
Structurally morphemes fall into
Home is a
Euphemism is
Jargonisms are
“Strong-willed” and “warm-hearted” are…
“The FBI” is an example of …
“Truth” and “lie” are…
The words “circle”, “to encircle”, “circular” represent …
“All that glitters is not gold” is…
”Skin”, “sky”, “skate” are of … origin.
Military terms were borrowed from …
The root of the word is
Affixation, word-composition and conversion are
Which of the following words are homophones
What common element do the words cities, tables, relations have
“I have told you 100 times” is an example of a
The selection of lexical units, arrangement and setting of the
entries is one of the main problem in
Which of the following words are of French origin
Which of the following words are native English
A stem is
Conversion is a word-building process in which words are built
Sound imitation, reduplication, clipping, abbreviation are
Define the synonym to the word “sunny”
“To electrocute” is an example of…
The word chit-chat is …
The words shirt and skirt are …
The word girl is …
International words are …
Sources of synonyms are
The main types of dictionaries are
The following words hell, damn, shut up are
An idiom
Check for is
the line where all the words have American spelling
Which of the following antonyms are derivational
Word composition is a word-building process in which words are

built
Which of the following words are blendings
What is polysemy
Homographs are
A Don Juan, the foot of the bed, bookworm, the head of the
school are cases of
Free word-groups are
(to be) like a bull in a china shop means

The following words dormitory, fall, elevator, apartment are
typical for
A prefix is
A word that appears or is specially coined to name a new object
or express a new concept is a
Varieties of the English language peculiar to some districts and
having no normalized literary form are
A suffix is
The word brunch (breakfast +lunch) was formed with the help
ofEtymology investigates
What are synonyms
The words glamour, kilt, came into English from

Words to commence, to complete are
Coarse words that are not generally used in public are
The toponyms Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Utah are
Onomatopeia is
Define negative prefixes

Define adjective – forming suffixes
Define numeral – forming suffixes
Affixless way of word – formation is

All terms are …
Define the word with feminine suffix
Foot of the mountain
Flower – flour
What is WC?
Define the word with noun – forming suffix
Personal nouns suffixes are …
Find the synonym to “belly”

Words that are made up of elements derived from two or more
different languages
A word which belongs with original English word stock
Borrowed word which is not completely assimilated graphically
Borrowed word which is not completely assimilated graphically
The formation of a new word by combining two or more stems is
called …
The formation of a word by cutting off a part of the word
The word “lexicology” comes from
Lexicology is closely connected with …
An infix is
The word doc. is a cause of
Grammatical meaning is
The words lab and laboratory are different in
Dictionaries of American English are
A metaphor is
To lose one’s life is a (an)

The encyclopedic dictionaries are
What does the native element of the English vocabulary consists

of
What is a dead suffix
Phraseology studies
Shortening is
A list of words in which the entry words are arranged in
alphabetical order starting with their final letters are
The type of word-building used in the following words
sunflower, boyfriend, skateboard is
Diversities of meanings
Saucers (for eyes)
Thou - they
Loan – word
Feminine, paternal, maternal are
Words which consist of a root and an affix are …
Define neutral derived compound
Define neutral derived compound
Define syntactic compound
Find a loan word not completely assimilated with the English
language phonetically:
Find a loan word not completely assimilated with the English
language grammatically:
Find a Russian loan- word
Find a Japanese loan – word
Find the word which is colloquial in style:
Find the word which is bookish in style:

Find professionalism:
Fine non – literary word or expression (vulgarism)
Taboo is the main cause of such a linguistic phenomenon as a

(an)
The main branches of grammar are:
All parts of the sentence are divided into:
The main way of enriching vocabulary
Define the type of word-building in the word ‘re-think’
The system of the grammatical forms of a word is…
Complete the proverb ‘a new broom…’
Functional suffixes can be called
Denotative component is…
Connotation is the…
Define the type of word-building in ‘Blue-eyed’
Define the type of phraseological unit ‘to meet the requirement’
To which parts of speech do most antonyms belong
The amount of native words in English makes up:
What kind of meaning the words have?
Now or never is
Received Pronunciation Standard Scottish
phoneme morpheme
reduction assimilation
Phonetics Anthropology
dynamic musical
elision accommodation
occlusive lateral
constrictive affricates
I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay L. Bloomfield

D. Jones L. Bloomfield
syllable word
closed clozed
[h] [k]
Standard Scottish Pronunciation Received Pronunciation
transcription alphabet
vowels consonants
consonants vowels
assimilation reduction
distributional method semantic method
General American Received Pronunciation
English Russian
phonemic allophonic
articulatory phonetics acoustic phonetics

acoustic phonetics articulatory phonetics
auditory phonetics acoustic phonetics

phonetic transcription typewriter
transliteration phonetic transcription
the transcription of the International Phonetic Association allophonic transcription
Webster’s respelling system allophonic transcription
Received Pronunciation Scottish Standard English
Standard Scottish Pronunciation Received Pronunciation

General American Pronunciation Received Pronunciation
[b, d, g, v, ʒ , z, ð, dʒ ] [f, Ɵ , s]
[f, Ɵ, s, p, t, k, ʧ , ʃ , h] [ ʒ, z,dʒ ]
a functional, material and abstract unit a mentalistic image
consonants and vowels capital and small
pronunciation distribution
voiced and voiceless round and square
interdental glottal
glottal lingual
labial palatalized
alveolar Palatalized
an intonation group confusion
occlusive and constrictive bicentral and unicentral
allophonic transcription Webster’s respelling system

comparative phonetics historical phonetics
historical phonetics comparative phonetics
[ŋ] [k]
[æ] [ð]
A science of language dealing with the word A science of lexical units
Vocabulary units Words
Particular language Native languages
as it exists at a given time developed at the course of time
Wood, water, wind, sun Book, shop, coin, shoes
Quick, slow, white, dark Hill, stone, three, goose
Partial or total conformation to the phonetic, graphical and A process of borrowing words
morphological standards of the receiving language
heir - air report - statement
a formation of words by adding derivational affixes a process of assimilation of lexical units
Over Super
ness able
When hell freezes over To show one’s teeth
Word-meaning Lexical units
Prefix Infix
Suffix Prefix
prefixal-suffixa suffixal-suffixal
Prefix Suffix
Prefix Suffix
Suffix Prefix
Suffix Prefix
Verb prefix Adjective prefix
Adjective prefix Verb prefix
Noun prefix Adjective prefix
Prefix Suffix
Suffix Prefix
Suffix Prefix
Suffix Prefix
Suffix Prefix
dictionary-compiling a word
Neologisms Modern Slang
Translation Phraseological
Explanatory Translation
monolingual and bilingual bilingual only
prefixal-suffixal suffixal-suffixal
Suffix Prefix
Suffix Prefix
Anglo-Saxon long-legged
long-legged filmography

the smallest meaningful unit the smallest distinctive unit
the smallest naming unit the smallest meaningful unit
the smallest communication unit the smallest meaningful unit
the structure, classification and combinability of words the structure of various units and the
containing only the root classes theyaffixes
containing form (paradigmatic
or other stem -
containing two or more roots relations)
building elements
containing only the root
containing affixes or other stem - building elements containing only the root
implying the use of auxiliary words limited to changes in the body of the
word, without having recourse to
expresses property of a substance auxiliary wordsnumber or place in series
denotes either
denotes either number or place in series expresses property of a substance
expresses a process expresses property of a substance
the degrees of comparison the category of case
it serves to present an action as a fact of reality it represents an action as a “non-fact”, as
something imaginary, desirable,
it represents an action as a command, urging, request, problematic, contrary
it serves to present an to relating
action as a fact of
exhortation addressed to one’s interlocutor(s) reality
Modal words The Adlink
The Adjective The Adlink
Adverbial modifier of place Adverbial modifier of time
Adverbial modifier of purpose Adverbial modifier of place
Adverbial modifier of time Adverbial modifier of place
Adverbial modifier of condition Adverbial modifier of place
the sentence the word-combination

a sentence with only one predication a sentence with more than one
a sentence with more than one predication predication
a sentence with only one predication
a composite sentence containing subordinate clauses a sentence with only one predication
degree of comparison number
the noun the adjective
Nominative and Objective Genitive and Dative

collective abstract
product, mission, brother - ion, - ary, - hood
-ness, -hood, -ship -able, -al, -less

-able, -less, -al -ness, -hood, -ship
the category of predication the category of modality
an affix added at the beginning of a word or base to form a an affix inserted into the root
new word left after all affixes have been removed from a
the element an affix inserted into the root
complex word,atcarrying
an affix added the endthe
of abasic
word,lexical
base, meaning
or root toofform
the a an affix inserted into the root
word
new word or form of the word
a verb taking an object of any kind (direct, indirect, a verb which agrees with subject
prepositional)
lexicology, phonology, grammar denoting the doer of
stylistic, typology andthegrammar
action
a word combination and a sentence a word and a phrase
coordinate, subordinate, predicative coordinate, subordinate, subjective
declarative, interrogative, imperative. statements, questions, exclamations.

containing only the root containing affixes or other stem -
containing two or more roots building elements
a word-combination and a sentence a word and a word-combination
agreement, government, adjoinment, framing agreement, government, adjoinment
lexical connection, grammatical connection, phonetical lexical connection and grammatical
connection
coordinate, sudordinate, predicative connection
coordinate, sudordinate, subjective
reduction assimilation
standard pronunciation dialectal pronunciation
this form of pronunciation is most commonly described in the majority of native speakers use this
books on the phonetics of British English traditionally form of pronunciation
taught
the usetoofforeigners
vowels other than in RP in the same words the use of the velar fricative voiceless
phoneme similar to the Russian [x]
Greek Latin
Articulation Accent
auditory phonetics
articulatory phonetics
speech sounds letters
acoustic phonetics physiological phonetics
morpheme syllable
zero reduction assimilation
syllabic general
open closed
closed open
long and short occlusive and constrictive
Received Pronunciation Standard Scottish
phoneme morpheme
Greek Latin
auditory phonetics acoustic phonetics
lexicology, phonology, grammar stylistic, typology and grammar
a word combination and a sentence a word and a phrase
coordinate, sudordinate, predicative coordinate, sudordinate, subjective
declarative, interrogative, imperative. statements, questions, exclamations.

containing only the root containing affixes or other stem -
containing two or more roots building elements
a word-combination and a sentence a word and a word-combination
agreement, government, adjoinment, framing agreement, government, adjoinment
lexical connection, grammatical connection, phonetical lexical connection and grammatical
connection
coordinate, sudordinate, predicative connection
coordinate, sudordinate, subjective
Wood, water, wind, sun Book, shop, coin, shoes
Quick, slow, white, dark Hill, stone, three, goose
Partial or total conformation to the phonetic, graphical and A process of borrowing words
morphological
heir - air standards of the receiving language report - statement
Over Super
ness able
When hell freezes over To show one’s teeth
Word-meaning Lexical units
Prefix Infix
In 1477
In A.D. 43
Gothic Dutch
Celtic Vandalic
Sometime between the 15th and 10th c. B.C. Sometime between the 5th and 1th c.
B.C.
In the 4th c. A.D. In the 4th c. B.C.
In the late 19th c. At the beginning of the 20th c
Gothic
Anglian
8th and 9th c. 3rd and 4th c.
16th c. 11th c.
11th c. 8th c.
12th c. 8th c.
Ulfilas Cynewulf
Pitheas Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar Pliny the Elder

Pliny the Elder Tacitus
Tacitus Pliny the Elder
4th c. 1475
2 1
strong and weak standard and non - standard
400 B.C. 1000 A.D.

Bede Gregory
448 A.D. 600 A.D.
In 597 In 893
In 793 In 955
From the 5th to the close of the 7th c From the 8th till the end of the 11th c.
From 793 to 1066 A.D. From about 800 to 1050 A.D.

From the 8th c. till the end of the 11th c From the 11th c. till half of the 14th c.
400 years 100 years
Winchester London
Kentish Mercian
8th c. 3rd c.
7th c 11th c
700 200
1066 1475
1475 1576
From 1475 to 1660 From 1660 to 1800
explains fundamentals of structure of language in accordancehas its own object of investigation, aims
the manifestation of the system of language in the process ofa system of means of expression;
It is the smallest meaningful segmental component of the woIt is a nominative unit of language.
They unite words of complete nominating meaning and are uThey unite words of incomplete nominat
It is the smallest segmental component of the word. It is a nominative unit of language.
dynamic and stative; transitive and intransitive;
The sentence is a ready-nude unit. The sentence is a unit of speech, which is
A sentence which contains only one predicative line. A sentence full of homogeneous members
six (tense, voice, mood, person, number, aspect); four (tense, mood, number, person);
The direct object must be treated as a part of a predicate. The predicate is not an independent part o
To present a systematic study of the grammatical structure o To prescribe a set of normative rules base
the classical scientific grammar; the pre-normative grammar;
meaning, form and function. meaning, form and semantic.
a root morpheme and a bound one. a root morpheme and a suffix.

7th c. 11th c.
From the 8th c. till the end of the 11th c. From the 11th c. till half of the 14th c.
notional and structural; countable and uncountable;

It is a relation between the subject and the verb. It is the expression of the relation of the
simple and composite; affirmative, declarative, negative;
It is a unit that indicates who or what is engaged in carrying It answers the question - who‖, - whom‖,
It is the study of words. It is the study of sentences.
It is called semantics. It is called phraseology.

We mean its morphological structure. We mean its semantic structure.
The smallest meaningful unit of speech is a morpheme. The smallest meaningful unit of speech is
Homonyms are the words which are identical in sound and spHomonyms are the words which are identi
into the vocabulary of one language from another language. into the vocabulary of many languages f
the productive ways of word - building. the productive ways of producing new wo
roots and affixes. suffixes and affixes.
adding an affix to some root. adding a stem to some root.
They are neutral, morphological and syntactic. They are simple, neutral and morphologic
root words, derived words, compounds and shortenings. compounds, shortenings, homonyms and
We define it as an American variant of English language. We define it as an American language.
lexicology Lexicography
lexicology Lexicography
vocabulary word-group
morpheme vocabulary
semasiology semantics
Homonyms Homophones
Synonyms Homonyms
Antonyms Borrowings
Encyclopedic Phraseological
Linguistic Encyclopedic
general, specialized linguistic, encyclopedic
Phraseological Encyclopedic
Homonyms are the words which are identical in sound and spHomonyms are the words which are identi
Bother Infuriate
Commerce Enterprise
Ensure Pledge
Deal Communicate
Reply Response
Sweet Fragrant
Hot Fervent
Simple Basic
of Greek origin / from «lexis» - «word» and «logos» - «scienc of latin origin / from «lexis» - «word» an
Homographs Homophones
Homophones Homographs
Synonyms Antonyms
homonyms homophones
semasiology etymology
sweet swite
so saw
neutral morphological
morphological syntactic
syntactic conversion
morpheme word
word-building word-structure
affixation metophor
Italian German
Russian French
words of the same sound form but of different spelling and words which are different in sound form a
Latin Spanish
bee horse
fair fear
here hire
affixation conversion
-ess -er
neutral morphological
compound derivative simple

French Russian
French German
pour pair
the study of words the study of meaning
morphological structure meaning
semantic structure morphological structure
vocabulary dictionary
paradigm referent
solar sunny
lightning lion
feather weather
soot wolf
sweeps clean spoils the brolh
the brave like home
morpheme word
archaisms neologisms
lexicography lexicology
conversion derivation
ping-pong railway
walkie-talkie forget-me-not
dilly-dallying medium-size
polysemy synonymy
transference transformation
metaphor metonymy
metonymy metaphor
metaphor metonymy
abbrevation clipping
birdie fussy
mummy affection
endings prefixes
meaning morphological structure
the vocabulary of a language as it exits at a given time the changes and development of a vocabul
the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its d the evolution of any vocabulary
means of contextual,distributional transformational types means of contextual,distributional
of analysis transformational types of analysis
studies the origin of words studies the meaning of the word
sound imitation morphological structure
compound derivative root
neutral compound morphological compound
lexicalized phrase neutral compound
syntactic compound morphological compound
morphological compound syntactic compound
- ful -ine
non re-
il- le-
Archaism Neologism
molecule to ask
hydrogen set
oxygen select
Spoken English High-flown English
medicine table
tennis country
avocado approach
to commence to proceed
shortening blending
Euphemesm Slang
V.V.Vinogradov A.V.Koonin
a proverb a phraseological unit

antonyms synonyms
monosemy polysemy
composition derivation
blending clipping
meaning phonetic structure of the words
metaphor broadening
the vocabulary of a given language at a given stage of its d the evolution of any vocabulary
means of contextual,distributional transformational types of by means of word with relating meaning
Evoution of any vocabulary, origin and development Vocabulary of a given language
Syncronic and diacronic Interconnective and independent
to help to choose the words ,to group and systematize lexicalto study the meaning of the words
sound imitation composition
L.Smith V.Collins
A word A root
Stem is the part of the word that remains unchanged throughStem is the branch of a study concerning
homonym antonym
synonym antonym
Boyfriend medium-sized
derivational compounds simple neutral
unbalanced under the influence
chimney log
descriptive and historic composition and narrowing
Colloquial High-flown
free word-combinations and phraseological units graphical abbreviations
apartment mansion
one many
coffee, mango, sputnik, radio farm, video, friend, man
autumn
spring
abbreviation clipping
bank (n) – bank (n) sea (n) – see (v)
from, oh!, am dog-like, through, to help
peas bears
in all fields of the language system phonetics

root and affixational morphemes free morphemes
the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries the word-making process in English
an archaism a neologism
one free morpheme not less than two morphemes of which at
historical lexicology general lexicology
seashore management
metaphor metonymy
adverb noun
unilingual and bilingual dictionaries dictionaries of derivation, antonyms, bo
Latin origin French origin
thousand pardons the White House
special dictionaries general
telegraph, antibiotic, radar, metaphor lovely, beautiful, colorful, handsome
a saying expressing some well-known truth a familiar quotation
a fox a cat
free, semi-free, bound, semi-bound, morphemes root morphemes
free morpheme bound morpheme
the substitution of unpleasant words by mild ones metaphor
words used within a particular social group and bearing a sec common colloquial words
Compound-derivatives Root words
Abbreviation clipping
Absolute antonyms Synonyms
different parts of speech homonyms
A proverb Ordinary sentence
Scandinavian Celtic
Latin Spanish
the basic part of a word to which affixes are added the basic unit of a language
principle and productive ways of forming new words non-productive ways of word-formation
night (n) – knight (n) tear (n) – tear (v)
the grammatical meaning of plurality the lexical meaning
hyperbole metonymy
lexicography lexicology
beau, commence, chauffeur empty, ask, belly
summer, hope, life vacuum, exist, act
an unchanged part of the word a functional affix
by means of changing the category of parts of speech by joining two or more stems together
minor types of word making productive ways of word-building
Solar Urban
Blending Abbreviation.
An example of reduplication An etymological doublet
Etymological doublets Translation-loans
Of the Indo-European origin Of German origin
Borrowed by several languages Native words
all the mentioned cases native and borrowed words
general and special general and etymological
vulgarisms terms
an expression or phrase the meaning of which is different fr a free word-group
careful – careless slow – fast
humor, theater, program, thru telegramme, center, picturesque, favour
by joining two or more stems by adding derivational affixes to stems

smog, brunch, Oxbridge beggar, to burgle, to edit
the existence within one word of several connected meaningthe ability of words to coincide in their
words identical in spelling, but different both in their soun words identical in sound-form, but differ
a metaphor a metonymy
words put together to form lexical units stereotyped or unchangeable set express
to be a careless, clumsy person who may cause damage through
to be a cause of danger
American English Standard English

a derivational morpheme preceding the root a derivational morpheme following the s
neologism euphemism
local dialects variants of English

a derivational morpheme following the stem a derivational morpheme preceding the r
the origin and history of a word and its true meaning peculiarities of the English vocabulary
blending sound-interchange
words different in their sound-form, but identical or similar
in some of their meanings
words with identical sound and graphic
the Scottish dialect Cockney
learned or literary words common colloquial words
vulgarisms slang
Indian words (of Indian tribes ) Spanish words
Sound imitation
Reversion
Il-, ir-, im- Dis-, aver-, mis
–ous, -ful, -y –ness, -er, -th
–th, -teen, -ty –th, -y, -ness

Conversion Conversation
Monosemantic Polysemantic
Heroin Noiseless
Metaphor Metonymy
Euphemism Homonym
Employee Identify
–an, - ee, -ist, -er – ate, - en, -fy

Stomach Surf
Hybrids Synonyms
Native Borrowed
Ballet Refugee
Cliché Derivation
Word composition Conversion

Shortening Sound imitation
Greek French
All answers correct Phonetics
an affix placed wthin the word a derivational morpheme proceeding the
clipping blending
the meaning conveyed in a sentence by word order and otherthe meaning proper to the given linguistic
structure stylistics
specialized dictionaries explanatory dictionaries
a transference based on the association of similarity a transfer based upon the association of
euphemism familiar quotation
books that contain information on all branches of knowledg Multilingual dictionaries
Indo-European and Germanic elements Latin and Celtic elements

a suffix, disclosed by etymological analysis, but having no re a non-productive suffix
free word-combinations and phraseological units graphical abbreviations
a significant subtraction of a word a common element of words
reverse dictionaries pronouncing dictionaries
compounding shortening
Polysemy Monosemy
Slang Terms
Archaism Term
Borrowing Euphemism
Latin French
Derived Compound
Painkiller Butterfly
Babysitter Necklace
Sister – in – law Dragon fly
Police River
datum Figure
Kremlin Sister
Geisha Judge
Dad Parent
Harmony Darkness
A laboratory A shop
Bad
Bloody
euphemism idiom
morphology and syntax phonology and syntax
main and secondary strong and weak
word-building word-structure
paradigm referent
sweeps clean spoils the broth
endings prefixes
the leading semantic component additional semantic component
additional semantic component leading semantic component
compound derivative root morpheme
phraseological combination phraseological fusion
adjective verbs
30 per cent 50 per cent
Grammatical and lexical Historical and discriptive
phraseological repetition saying
Cockney General Amarican
word letter
corruption accommodation
Lexicology Grammar
strong qualitative
assimilation transmission
constrictive medial
plosives occlusive
D. Jones L. Hjelmslev
L. Jones L. Smith
phrase phoneme
cloned uncovered
[l] [z]
Southern English Northern English
phonology phonetics
allophones phonemes
diphthongs monopthongs
accommodation deletion
instrumental method acoustic method
Standard Scottish Pronunciation Public School Pronunciation
Kazakh Moksha
narrow wide
auditory phonetics phonology

auditory phonetics phonology
articulatory phonetics phonology

video recorder photo camera
alphabet phonemic transcription
transliteration Webster’s respelling system
transliteration the transcription of the International Phonetic

Association (IPA)
Cockney General American
Southern English BBC English

Southern American Pronunciation BBC English
[p, t, k] [ ʧ, ʃ, h]
[ð, l, ƚ ] [b, d, g, v]
a physical object an abstract idea
lexical and grammatical high and low
spelling history
large and narrow iron and copper
labial alveolar
labial dental
bicentral unicentral
bicentral unicentral
equinox a mocking word
large and narrow iron and copper
alphabet transliteration
practical phonetics phonology
practical phonetics phonology
[l] [z]
[ŋ] [z]
A science of the words’ meaning A science of a word
Word combinations Phraseological units
Any language English language
irrespective of time as the time goes by
Ground, bridge, house shop Summer, deep, cat, rain
Hard, wind, bull, slow Book, shop, coin, shoes
A constituent part of phraseology A branch of linguistics
Write- to write dark-light

a type of word composition a part of phraseology
Pseudo Uni
ward ise
Green power To be in the dog house
Word-formation Word-function
Postfix Suffix
Infix Postfix
infix postfix
Infix Postfix
Infix Postfix
Infix Postfix
Infix Postfix
Noun prefix Adverb prefix
Verb prefix Adverb prefix
Infix Postfix
Infix Postfix
Infix Postfix
Infix Postfix
Infix Postfix
the words meaning phraseological unites
Phraseological unities Archaisms
Explanatory Ideographical
Reverse Ideographic
monolingual only monolingual for native speakers
prefixal-prefixal postfix
Infix Postfix
Infix Postfix
three-cornered weekend
technophobia Anglo-Russian

the smallest naming unit the smallest communication unit
the smallest distinctive unit the smallest communication unit
the smallest distinctive unit the smallest naming unit
the combinations various units and classes the structure, classification and combinability of
form in thetwo
containing sphere of communication
or more roots sentences
containing free lexical-grammatical word-
(syntagmatic relations)
containing affixes or other stem - building morphemes or otherwise
containing free having the word-
lexical-grammatical form of a
elements combination
morphemes of words
or otherwise having the word-
form of a
containing two or more roots containing free lexical-grammatical
combination
morphemes of words
or otherwise
changing a sound in the root building a form of a wordhaving thealtogether
from an form of a
combination
different stemof words
denotes a passing state a person or thing expresses a process
happens
denotes atopassing
be in state a person or thing expresses relations of the corresponding
happens to be in
denotes either number or place in series substances in the world
denotes a passing state aofperson
realityor thing happens
the category of number to
thebecategory
in of gender
it represents an action as a commend, urging, it represents a grammatical category different
request, exhortation addressed to one’s from that of tense, though closely allied to it
interlocutor(s)
it represents an action as a “non-fact”, as it represents a grammatical category different
something imaginary, desirable, problematic, from that of tense, though closely allied to it
contrary to reality
The Adjective The Adverb
The Adverb Modal words
Adverbial modifier of condition Adverbial modifier of purpose
Adverbial modifier of time Adverbial modifier of condition
Adverbial modifier of condition Adverbial modifier of purpose
Adverbial modifier of time Adverbial modifier of purpose
the word the morpheme

a composite sentence containing subordinate a simple sentence containing some words besides
aclauses
composite sentence containing subordinate athe predication
simple sentence containing some words besides
clauses
a sentence with more than one predication the predication
a simple sentence containing some words besides
the predication
case
the verb the stative
Nominative and Genitive Common and Genitive

generic proper
re-, mis- , brother- -duct, -ion, -er
-ly, -ward -ed, -ize, -yse

-ly, -ward -ed, -ize, -yse
reflective category immanent category
the element left after all affixes have beenan affix added at the end of a word, base, or root
removed from aatcomplex
an affix added word, of
the beginning carrying
a wordthe
to
an form
or affix aadded
new word
at theor form
end of aofword,
the word
base, or root
basic
base lexical
to form meaning
a new of
word the word to form a new word or form of the word
an affix added at the beginning of a word orthe element left after all affixes have been
base to form a new word removed from a complex word, carrying the basic
a verb which doesn’t agree with a subject, the
a verb not expressing a potential limit in the
lexical meaning of the word
doer of thephonetics
grammar, denoted action
and lexicogram development of the
speaking, writing denoted
and action
listening
a word cluster and a clause a text and a sentence
coordinate, subordinate, ordinate predicative, subjective, objective
Commands and requests, exclamatory and non- Exclamatory, statements , requests.
exclamatory.
containing two or more roots containing free lexical-grammatical word-
containing affixes or other stem - building morphemesfree
containing or otherwise having the word-
elements combination of words
morphemes or otherwise having the form of a
combination of words
morphemes or otherwise having the form of a
a word cluster and a clause a word and a sentence
government, adjoinment, framing agreement, government, framing
word change, word-order By use of form words
coordinate, sudordinate, ordinate predicative, subjective, objective
accommodation vocalism
colloquial pronunciation aboriginal pronunciation
it is a result of the colonial expansion of British it is a main type of pronunciation in the USA
imperialism
all the consonants are palatalized the use of the glottal stop in place of [t]
English German
Stress intonation
social phonetics descriptive phonetics
syllables vibrations
social phonetics historical phonetics
letter sound
accommodation accent
long short
unformed formed
unformed formed
round and square iron and copper
Cockney General Amarican
word letter
English Russian
articulatory phonetics phonology
grammar, phonetics and lexicogram speaking, writing and listening
a word cluster and a clause a text and a sentence
Commands and requests, exclamatory and non- Exclamatory, statements , requests.
exclamatory.
containing affixes or other stem - building morphemes or otherwise
containing free having the word-
elements combination
morphemesfreeorofotherwise
words having the form of a
containing two or more roots containing lexical-grammatical word-
combinationorofotherwise
morphemes words having the form of a
a word cluster and a clause a word and a sentence
government, adjoinment, framing agreement, government, framing
word change, word-order By use of form words
Ground, bridge, house shop Summer, deep, cat, rain
Hard, wind, bull, slow Book, shop, coin, shoes
A constituent part of phraseology A branch of linguistics

Write- to write dark-light
Pseudo Uni
ward ise
Green power To be in the dog house
Word-formation Word-function
Postfix Suffix
In 55 B.C. In 893
Anglian
Frisian
Frisian Jutish
Sometime between the 25th and 20th c. B.C. Sometime between the 3d and 5th c. A.D
In the 10th c. A.D. In the 10th c. B.C.
In the late 17th c. At the beginning of the 19th
Burgundian Vandalic
12th and 13th c. 19th and 20th c.

14th c. 18th c.
19th c. 10th c.
15th c. 11th c.
Bede Grimm
Pliny the Elder Bede
Tacitus Pitheas
Pitheas Ulfilas
Ulfilas Julius Caesar
1540 7th c.
3 5
regular and irregular good and bad
300 A.D. 800 A.D.

Tacitus Wulfstan
1066 A.D.
893
In 700 In 900
In 1258 In 1066
From the 10th to the close of the 14th c. From the 3d to the close of the 4th c.
From about 1050 to 800 B.C. From about 300 to 500 A.D.
From the later 14th c. till the end of the 15th c. From the mid 17th c. to the close of the 18th c.
200 years 50 years
Worcester Lancaster
West Saxon Northumbrian

1475 1066
3rd c. 15th c
1000 2000
893 900
1770 1066
From the later 14th till the end of the 15th c. From the mid 17th to the close of the 18th c.
introduces the most important problems of the studies the importance of grammatical structure.
a nominative unit of language; a context for itself;
It is the form of the word which expresses the It is a class of lexemes characterized by some specif
They unite words of complete nominating meanin They are changeable, unite words of incomplete no
It is the form of the word which expresses the It is a class of lexemes characterized by some specif
notional and structural; terminative and durative;
The sentence is characterized by predication. The sentence is a unit of speech.
A sentence with one or more of its parts left outAn unexpanded sentence.
three (case, person, gender); two (voice, tense);
He introduced semi-notional members of the senThe subject and the object are of the same rank in t
To investigate different methods of teaching EnglTo help the students to learn as many words and ph
the normative grammar; the prescriptive grammar;
grammatical meaning, grammatical form and graexchangeability, combinability and nominating mea
a root morpheme and an overt. a root morpheme and derivational morphemes.

15th c. 3rd c.
From the later 14th c. till the end of the 15th c. From the mid 17th c. to the close of the 18th c.
plural and singular; dynamic and stative;

It is a predicative link word. It is a modal verb.
subordinate and principle; predicative and composite.
It is connected with the members of the senten It is a part of a sentence which qualifies a noun, a
It is the study of aspects. It is the study of definitions.
It is called grammar. It is called semasiology.

We mean its lexico- grammatical structure. We mean its lexical meaning.
The smallest meaningful unit of speech is a wor The smallest meaningful unit of speech is a sound.
Homonyms are the words which are identical in Homonyms are words which are identical in writing
into the stock of words of different languages f into the vocabulary of one language from 2 or 3 ot
the productive ways of forming new meanings. the productive ways of developing the language.
roots and suffixes. stems and roots.
adding a suffix to some root. deriving words from different languages to some
They are syntactic, morphological and linguistic. They are grammar, neutral and syntactic.
root words, derived words, loan words and shor oot words, derivatives, compounds and internation
We define it as a regional variety of the English We define it as one of the dialects of the English l
word-group word-building
Phonology Grammar
word-building morpheme
word-building Lexicography
phraseology grammar
Homographs Antonyms
Antonyms Homophones
Synonyms Homonyms
Descriptive Linguistic
Phraseological Specialized
general, linguistic unilingual, bilingual
Linguistic Specialized
Homonyms are the words which are identical in Homonyms are words which are identical in writing
Resent Trouble
Case Affair
Surety Ease
Consider Apply
Apply Request
Tender Delightful
Cordial Cool
Primitive Plain
used to denote the system of words and word-grthe smallest unit of a language which can stand al
Synonyms Antonyms
Antonyms Homonyms
Synonyms Antonyms
phraseology lexicology
suit swart
sure sir
syntactic conversion
neutral affixation
morphological neutral
set expression free phrase
metaphor
phoneme
metonymy phenomenon
Latin Greak
Italian German
words similar in meaning words of opposite meaning
German Russian
dog cat
fiber fire
hare harm
sound-imitation shortening
-ness -less
syntactic sound-imitation
compound derived
German Latin
Russian Spanish
pure peer
the study of grammar the study of sounds
grammar syntax
syntax grammar
synchrony onomatopiea
concept notion
vital manual
swine cat
lightning star
devil dog
makes light work forms the defence
easy go sweeps clean
phrase phoneme
metaphor synonyms
semasiology phraseology
connotation denotation
dragon-fly good-for-nothing
father-in-law merry-go-round
dragon-fly T-shirt
homonymy antonymy
transportation
transmission
simile epithet
homonymy synonymy
synonymy antonymy
blending homonymy
listless approval
violence hostile
suffixes idioms
phraseology syntax
grammar phraseology
general properties of word description of the characteristic peculiarities in th
by means of words with opposite meaning comparison with other words

studies the compiling dictionaries studies the set-expression
grammatical meaning conversion
derivative compound
syntactic compound lexicalized phrase
morphological compound affixation
lexicalized phrase neutral compound
neutral compound derivative compound
-th -ness
over under
under
over-
Euphemism Synonym
to expect nice
table stock
nice set
Euphemesm Neologism
trace sentence
foodstuffs meaning
apple anew
to comment to concentrate
back formation compound
Dialect Neologism
V.H.Collins Bloomfield l.
a phraseological unity a phraseological fusion

euphemisms obsolete words
context semantics
onomatopoeia derivation
grammatical structure origin
narrowing amelioration
general properties of words description of the characteristic peculiarities in th
by means of words with opposite meaning comparison with other words
The properties of words Method of scientific research
Historical and independent Discriptive and independent
to find synonyms and antonyms to study polysemy
shortening affixation
A.Koonin B.Beriskin
A stem A suffix
Stem is the branch of semaseology Stem concerns words without linking elements
polysemy synonym
polysemy morpheme
good-for-nothing bread-and-butter
morphological compounds contracted compounds
jug Nick
pegion duck
shortening and sound into change
metaphor and metonymy
Poetical Rhetorical
synonyms and antonyms lexical homonyms
but room
all every
bungalow, blitz, masterpiece, money radio, wonder-child, country, pen
winter summer
blending back-formation
wind (n) – wind (v) tear (n) – tear (v)
lonesome, handful, are terror, a computer, out of
twins nuts
grammar vocabulary
semi-free morphemes bound morphemes
classification of loan words variants of the English language
a barbarism a verb
not less than two free morphemes and one b not less than two free morphemes
special lexicology descriptive lexicology
marketing ungentlemanly
simile litotes
verb adjective
dictionaries of slang dictionaries of American English dialect
Scandinavian origin native suffixes
mother tongue the leg of the table
dictionaries of the most difficult words dictionaries of frequency
a book, a shop, a suite, a street to go to bed, to get up, to have breakfast, to clean
a free word-group a verb-adverb combination
a cock a mouse
stem morphemes prefixational morphemes
semi-free morpheme semi-bound morpheme
an irony an ellipsis
professionalisms vulgarisms
Derived words Compound words.
blending conversion
Homonyms Never used as antonyms
synonyms hyponyms
A word combination A free phrase
Latin Native
French Italian
a derivational affix a grammatical paradigm
minor types of word-building morphosyntactically conditioned combinability of
lead (n) – lead (v) wind (n) – wind (v)
the stylistic coloring the denotational meaning
metaphor euphemism
phonetics phraseology
afternoon, and, ask hyena, home, husband
machine, parachute, valley xylophone, epoch, chemist
a derivational affix a prefix
by adding word-building affixes to stems by combining parts of two words
principal ways of word-building ways of making up phraseological units
Rural Fraternal
Shortened word combination Conversion
Slang Term
Blending Acronyms
English proper Of French origin
Euphemism Synonyms
shortening conversion
special and multilingual usage and slang dictionaries
dialectical words slang
a proverb a familiar quotation
correct – incorrect – wrong temporary- permanent
traveling, centre, color, offence jewellery, woolen, favour meter
by means of changing the paradigm by combining parts of two words

hanky, nighty, radar M.P., USA, BBC
the existence of contrastive meanings within a the existence of only one meaning within words
words identical in sound-form, but different in words identical in meaning, but different in spellin
a euphemism an irony
phraseological fusions phraseological colloquialisms

to be an insensitive, crude person to feel very proud and happy about something
Cockney Canadian English

a common element of words within a word-famian affix placed within the word
homonymy hybrid
separate languages slang

a common element of words within a word-famian affix placed within the word
different types of compounds general problems of the theory of the word
shortening conversion
words differing in their morphemic structure butwords identical in their sound-form or in graphic fo
The Irish dialect Australian English
dialectical words jargonisms
common colloquial words dialectical words
German words French words
Conversion Derivation
Under-, ir-, im- Co-, ir-, im-
–ly, -ward, -or –y, -ness, -ful
–ly, -ward, -or –y, -ness, -ful

Contraction Reversion
Monosyllabic Polysyllabic
Leaflet Wonderful
Irony Rhyme
Synonyms Antonyms
Homograph Antonym
Beautiful Noiseless
– able, -ible, -ful – ish, -ic, -al

Screw waist
Antonyms Euphemisms
Loan word Latin
Development Nasty
bourgeois machine
Sound imitation Derivation

Conversion Word composition
Latin English
Stylistics History of the English language
a derivational morpheme following the stem a common element of words within a word-family
back-formation sound-interchange
the component of the lexical meaning that mak the denotational meaning
meaning affixation
etymological dictionaries general dictionaries
a shift of names between things that are
known to be in some way or other
connected to reality degradation of meaning
proverb idiom
unilingual books that give definition of terms dictionaries containing the origin of words
Celtic, Germanic and Scandinavian elements Indo-European and Celtic elements

a Latin suffix a Greek suffix
synonyms and antonyms lexical homonyms
a derived word the smallest meaningful unit
usage dictionaries dictionaries of word frequency
conversion blending
Etimology Semasiology
Metonymy Poetic diction
Slang Neologism
Poetic diction Slang
German Native
Blending Acronym
Necklace Earthquake
Butterfly Football
Highway Hotdog
Flower Wall
Army Cage
Minute Club
Chairman Student
Father Ancestor
Foolish Glad
A store A barn
Negative Awful
hybrid etymological doublet

morphology and synthesis morphology and lexicology
functional and notional real and unreal
metaphor metonymy
sound-imitation shortening
concept notion
makes light work forms the defence
infixes idioms
complied component borrowed component
complex component borrowed component
derivative compound
free phrase combination semi-fixed combination
nouns conjunction
40 per cent 70 per cent
Innterconnective Phonetic
proverb hyperbole
German
vowel
translation
Syntax
open
translation
formed
formed
L. Smith
L. Hjelmslev
word stress
open
[v]
Northern American
pronunciation
morphemes
morphemes
phonology
functional method
Northern English
French
transcription
functional
functional
functional
pronunciation
translation
translation
translation
BBC English
Southern American
Standard Scottish Pronunciation
[ ʒ, z,dʒ ]
[f, Ɵ , s]
high and low
an abstract idea
speaking
occlusive and constrictive
equinox
equinox
equinox
equinox
Palatalized
L.Nikitin
large and narrow
Standard Scottish Pronunciation

speaking
speaking
[s]
[s]
A science of a phraseological units
Grammatical structure
Irrespective of the language
at any time
Winter, hard, moon, burn
Father, mother, son, old
A branch of stylistics
report - support
a part of semoseology
Hyper
ize
Red power
Word-combinations
Root
Root
prefixal-preffixal
Root
Root
Root
Root
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Pronoun prefix
Root
Root
Root
Root
Root
letter-compiling
Professionalisms
Usage Dictionary
Grammar
bilingual for native speakers
root
Root
Root
baby-sitter
Anglo-French
at any time
containing affixes or other stem - building
elements
elements
elements
the smallest distinctive unit
expresses property of a substance
changing a sound in the root

expresses a process
expresses a process
Pronoun
Pronoun
Adverbial modifier of comparison
phoneme
pronoun
Common and Dative

case
-rep, -mis, -bro
-ish, -al, -less

-ward, -ment, -ion
degree of comparison
speaking, writing
syllable
agreement, government, framing
lexical connection and phonetical
connection
elements
elements
composed of one root- morpheme and one
or more derivational
composed morpheme
of one root- morpheme and one
or more derivational morpheme
text and sentence
connection
Roman Language
at any time
articulatory phonetics
all the consonants are palatalized
the majority of native speakers use this

form of pronunciation
Roman
word order
phonology
morphemes
phonology
closed
morpheme
morpheme
morpheme
morpheme
a text and a sentence
German
syllable
Roman
M.Sorokina
Syntax
speaking, writing
syllable
declarative, interrogative, imperative.
coordinate, sudordinate, predicative

composed morpheme
composed morpheme
composed morpheme
composed morpheme
text and sentence morpheme
predicative, government, adjoinment
connection
at any time
Winter, hard, moon, burn
Father, mother, son, old
A branch of stylistics
report - support
Hyper
ize
Red power
Word-combinations
Root
By A.D. 89
Old Norse
Roman
Sometime between the 15th and 10th c.

B.C.
In the 7th c. B.C.
In the late 20th c.
Scandinavian
6th and 7th c.
9th c.
13th c.
Pliny the Elder
Tacitus
Ulfilas
Julius Caesar
Pitheas
9th c.
4
formal and informal
600 A.D.
Pliny the Elder
428
In 614
In 1035
From the 6th till the end of the 9th c.
From about 300 to 500 B.C.

From the mid 9th c. to the close of the 12th
c.
500 years
Manchester
East Saxon
5th c.
9th c
500
1077
1500
From the mid 15th to the close of the 18th c.
deals with the language as a functional system
the hierarchy of language levels
It is a class of words which have their own variants.
They are immediate parts of phrases.
It is a type of word form derivation.
auxilary and seminotional.
The sentence is a nominal element consisting of some components.
An expanded sentence.
one (degrees of comparison).
The subject and the predicate are of the same rank.
To describe the grammar rules that are necessary to understand and formulate sentences.
the textual linguistics.
independence of the other grammatical categories.
inner inflexion and outer inflexion.

9th c.
From the mid 7th c. to the close of the 8th c.
dynamic and durative.

It is an analytical form.
simple, composite and semi-composite;
It is a member of predication containing the mood and the tease components of predicativity.
It is the study of sounds.
It is called lexicography.
We mean its phonetic structure.
The smallest meaningful unit of speech is a letter.
Homonyms are words which are identical in meaning.
into the vocabulary of foreign language from native language.
the productive way of forming a new language.
suffixes and prefixes.
adding a root to some prefix.
They are grammar, lexical and phonetic.
orthographic words, phonological words, word-forms and morphemes.
We define it as an independent language.
phonology
Stylistics
Lexicography
word
phonology
Synonyms
Antonyms
Homographs
Specialized
General
explanatory, specialized
Synonymic
Homonyms are words which are identical in meaning.
Disturb
Business
Distress
Dispute
Inquire
Tasty
Cold
Ordinary
of Esperanto origin / from «lexis» - «word» and «logos» - «science»/ .
Homonyms
Synonyms
Homonyms
Homographs
phonology
cirt
sore
affixation
no correct answe
affixation
idiom
metonymy
word-stock
Russian
Latin
words of native origin
French
bird
feint
herd
back formation
-ful
conversion
root
Spanish
Latin
pire
the study of syntax
pattern
emotions
loan
lexeme
feline
dog
sun
cat
catches the worm
make light work
idiom
antonyms
morphology
reversion
son-in-law
looking-glass
light-hearted
anomaly
treason
paradox
antonymy
homonymy
synonymy
terrible
dignity
set expressions
grammar
sound forms
the properties of the vocabulary of two or more languages
by phraseology
ways of formation of new words
sound formation
simple
affixation
derivative compound
affixation
affixation
-ee
co-
co-
Antonym
set
nice
table
Poetical English
orphan
feature
acorn
to connect
derived compound
Nonce-word
N.N.Amosova
collocation
nonce-words
antonymy
back formation
conversion
morphemic structure
metonymy
the properties of the vocabulary of two or more languages
by phraseology
Morphological and semantic studies
Grammatical and independent
no correct answer
conversion
A.Volconsky
A meaning
Stem is the new way of word building
simile
no answer
maid-of-all work
syntactic compounds
unknown
pig
no correct answer
technical
synonyms
cabin
each
escalator, cat, park, television
season
sound interchange
knight(n) – night (n)
went, come on, and
cucumbers
rhythm and intonation of speech

semi-bound morphemes
the etymological background of the English word stock
a noun
a group of words
specialized lexicology
doc
epithet
preposition
dictionaries of toponymy
German origin
grass green
explanatory dictionaries
three, above, are, far, straight
a traditional compound
an owl
suffixational morphemes
affix
litotes
barbarisms
All answers are correct
slang
Derivational antonyms
homophones
A set phrase
German
Russian
a derived stem
inner structure
new (adj) – old (adj)
the connotational meaning
litotes
grammar
hippopotamus, guerilla, caftan
confetti, macaroni, life
a suffix
by shortening a written word or phrase
ways of changing syntactic pattern and paradigm of words
Paternal
Affixation
Jargon
Clipping
Borrowed by one language
euphemisms
general and ideographic
synonyms
a saying
enemy – friend
armour, although, fibre, monologue
by clipping the beginning or the end of the word

ping-pong, topsy-turvy, walkie-talkie
words with opposite meanings
words identical in spelling and sound-form meaning, but different in meaning
litotes
phraseological unities
to feel uncomfortable, ill at ease in one’s surroundings situation
Slang
a combining form
loan word
artificial language
a combining form
different kinds of dictionaries
affixation
words with contrastive meanings

Canadian English
vulgarisms
jargonisms
Italian words
Contraction
Over-, dis-, im-
–ness, -ent, -ly
–ness, -ent, -ly
Derivation
Native
Business
Rhythm
Euphemisms
Synonym
Characterize
–th, -teen
thigh
international words
Derivation
cartoon
Sound interchange
Derivation
Spanish
Grammar
a combining form
onomatopoeia
the connotational meaning
derivation
dictionaries of synonyms
amelioration of meaning
set expression
word-books containing vocabulary terms
in one language and their
equivalents on another language
Celtic and Scandinavian elements

a suffix, originated from Russian
synonyms
blending
dictionaries of slang
back-formation
Euphemism
Native
Football
Earthquake
Green grocer
Husband
River
Brother
Husband
Mother
Dad
Mother
Good
metonymy
morphemes and affixes
principal and subordinate
phoneme
back formation
lexeme
catches the worm
set expressions
neutral component
neutral component
simple word
phraseological unity
numerals
90 per cent
Phonetic and grammatical
jargon
and formulate sentences.
omponents of predicativity.
in meaning

Httprepository Unp Ac id201881LENI20MARLINA-1 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Httprepository Unp Ac id201881LENI20MARLINA-1 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The type of English pronunciation accepted as the teaching norm

Point out etymological doublets:

The term ____________is used to denote the system of words

_________________are words different in their outer aspects,

One of the most productive ways of word-building

The system of the grammatical forms of a word is.

Define a negative prefix

Ancient or obselete word, or style, or idiom gone out of current

Descriptive lexicology deals with

Word composition is a word-building process in which words are

(to be) like a bull in a china shop means

What are synonyms

The words glamour, kilt, came into English from

Define negative prefixes

Affixless way of word – formation is

Find the synonym to “belly”

To lose one’s life is a (an)

What does the native element of the English vocabulary consists

Find the word which is bookish in style:

Taboo is the main cause of such a linguistic phenomenon as a

I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay L. Bloomfield

distributional method semantic method

General American Received Pronunciation

articulatory phonetics acoustic phonetics

auditory phonetics acoustic phonetics

transliteration phonetic transcription

the transcription of the International Phonetic Association allophonic transcription

Webster’s respelling system allophonic transcription

Received Pronunciation Scottish Standard English

Standard Scottish Pronunciation Received Pronunciation

voiced and voiceless round and square

I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay L. Bloomfield

occlusive and constrictive bicentral and unicentral

allophonic transcription Webster’s respelling system

historical phonetics comparative phonetics

Wood, water, wind, sun Book, shop, coin, shoes

Quick, slow, white, dark Hill, stone, three, goose

a formation of words by adding derivational affixes a process of assimilation of lexical units

The Adjective The Adlink

Adverbial modifier of place Adverbial modifier of time

Adverbial modifier of purpose Adverbial modifier of place

Adverbial modifier of time Adverbial modifier of place

Adverbial modifier of condition Adverbial modifier of place

the sentence the word-combination

the noun the adjective

Nominative and Objective Genitive and Dative

product, mission, brother - ion, - ary, - hood

-ness, -hood, -ship -able, -al, -less

the smallest meaningful unit the smallest distinctive unit

standard pronunciation dialectal pronunciation

the smallest meaningful unit the smallest distinctive unit

Wood, water, wind, sun Book, shop, coin, shoes

Quick, slow, white, dark Hill, stone, three, goose

In the late 19th c. At the beginning of the 20th c

Pitheas Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar Pliny the Elder

400 B.C. 1000 A.D.

From 793 to 1066 A.D. From about 800 to 1050 A.D.

a root morpheme and a bound one. a root morpheme and a suffix.

notional and structural; countable and uncountable;

It is called semantics. It is called phraseology.

We define it as an American variant of English language. We define it as an American language.

general, specialized linguistic, encyclopedic