GIỚI TỪ

1. Định nghĩa.
- Giới từ là từ dùng để chỉ mối quan hệ giữa danh từ hoặc đại từ với một từ khác trong câu.
2. Vị trí của giới từ.
- Sau TO BE, trước danh từ: The book is on the table.
- Sau tính từ/ cụm từ cố định: He is interested in English.
- Sau động từ, cụm động từ: I live in Ho Chi Minh City. - Take off your hat.
3. Các loại giới từ thường gặp
3.1. Giới từ chỉ thời gian
 IN (trong, vào ngày/ vào dịp) được dùng để chỉ các buổi trong ngày, tháng, năm, mùa, thập niên,
thế kỷ hoặc khoảng thời gian ở tương lai.
Eg: in the afternoon, in October, in 2000, in the summer, in the 21st century, in the Middle Age, in
two hours.
 AT (vào lúc) được dùng để chỉ giờ, thời điểm cố định hoặc các kỳ nghỉ.
Eg: at 10 o’clock, at night, at bedtime, at dawn, at Christmas, at the moment, at present, at the same
time, at that time, at first.
 ON (vào) được dùng để chỉ ngày trong tuần, ngày tháng trong năm, ngày trong kỳ nghỉ hoặc các
buổi trong ngày cụ thể. (On time: đúng giờ)
Eg: on Sunday, on 12th February, on Christmas Day, on Tuesday morning, on my birthday 3.2. 3.2.
3.2. Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn
 AT (tại) được dùng để chỉ vị trí tại một điểm.
Eg: at home, at school, at the airport, at the shop, at the beginning/ end, at the front/ back
 IN (trong, ở trong) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trong một diện tích, một không gian; dùng trước tên
đường, tên thị trấn, thành phố, quốc gia, miền, phương hướng hoặc dùng với các phương tiện đi
lại bằng xe hơi (car).
Eg: in a hall, in the countryside, in the universe, in Vietnam, in Hanoi, in a bus
 ON (trên, ở trên) được dùng để chỉ vị trí trên bề mặt, số tầng trong một tòa nhà hoặc dùng với
một số phương tiện đi lại.
Eg: on the board, on the ground, on the second floor, on foot
3.3. Giới từ chỉ sự chuyển động
 To (đến) Eg: He goes to school by bus.
 From … To (từ … đến) Eg: How far is it from your school to your house?
 Through (xuyên qua) Eg: They walked through the forest.
 Across (ngang qua) Eg: The children ran straight across in front of our car.
 Round/ Around (xung quanh) Eg: The cat walks around the the large circle.
 Along (dọc theo) Eg: They walked along the riverside.
 Up (lên)/ Down (xuống) Eg: The price of petroleum has went up.
 Toward (Towards) (về phía) Eg: People have different opinions towards Tom’s behavior.
4. Giới từ sau tính từ:
4.1. Of
- ashamed of: xấu hổ về - hopeful of: hy vọng
- afraid of: sợ, e ngại - independent of: độc lập
- ahead of: trước - proud of: tự hào
- aware of: nhận thức - jealous of: ghen tỵ với
 - capable of: có khả năng
4.2. To
- acceptable to: chấp nhận
- agreeable to: đồng ý với
- delightful to SB: thú vị
- lucky to: may mắn
- open to: mở
4.3. For
- difficult for: khó
- ready for ST: sẵn sàng cho việc gì
- qualified for: có phẩm chất
- dangerous for: nguy hiểm
- perfect for: hoàn hảo
- good for: tốt cho
- greedy for: tham lam
- grateful for ST: biết ơn về việc
4.4. At
- good at: giỏi (về....)
- excellent at: xuất sắc về
- amazed at: ngạc nhiên
- clever at: khéo léo, thông minh về
- surprised at: ngạc nhiên
- clumsy at: vụng về
4.5. From
- isolated from: bị cô lập
- different from: khác
4.6. With
- delighted with: vui mừng với
- busy with: bận
- bored with: chán
- crowded with: đông đúc
- furious with: phẫn nộ
4.7. In
- interested in: thích, quan tâm
- rich in: giàu về......
- successful in: thành công về....
4.8. About
- confused about: bối rối (về...)
- guilty of: phạm tội (về), có tội
- accustomed to: quen với
- addicted to: đam mê
- likely to: có thể
- next to: kế bên
- pleasant to: hài lòng
- sorry for: xin lỗi
- late for: trễ
- necessary for: cần thiết
- helpful/ useful for: có lợi/ có ích
- famous for: nổi tiếng
- suitable for: thích hợp
- responsible for ST: chịu trách nhiệm
- quick at: nhanh
- bad at: dở (về.....)
- present at: hiện diện
- amused at: vui về
- skillful at: khéo léo, có kỹ năng
- angry at ST: giận về điều gì
- absent from: vắng mặt
- far from: xa
- friendly with: thân mật
- aquainted with: làm quen
- familiar with: quen thuộc
- fed up with: chán
- serious about: nghiêm túc
 - sad about: buồn - excited about: hào hứng
- upset about: thất vọng - happy about: hạnh phúc
- disappointed about ST: thất vọng về cái gì - anxious about: lo lắng
Notes:
- be tired of: chán.
eg, I’m tired of doing the same work every day.
- be tired from: mệt vì.....
eg. I’m tired from walking for a long time.
- be grateful to SB for ST: biết ơn ai đó vì cái gì
eg. I’m grateful to you for your help.
- be responsible to SB for ST: chịu trách nhiệm với ai đó về cái gì
eg. You have to be responsible to me for your actions.
- good/ bad for: tốt/ xấu cho..., good/ bad at: giỏi/ dở về....
eg. Milk is good for your health. / She is bad at mathematics.
5. Giới từ sau động từ/cụm động từ.
- apologize SB for ST: xin lỗi ai đó vì cái gì - approve of ST to SB: đồng ý về cái gì với ai

- admire SB of ST: khâm phục ai đó vì cái gì - participate in: tham gia

- belong to SB: thuộc về ai - succeed in: thành công về

- accuse SB of ST: tố cái ai về việc gì - prevent SB from: ngăn ai khỏi

- blame SB for ST: đổ lỗi cho ai đó về - provide with: cung cấp

- differ from: khác với - agree with: đồng ý với

- introduce to SB: giới thiệu với ai - beg for ST: xin, van nài cho

- give up: từ bỏ - borrow ST from: mượn cái gì từ

________________________

EXERCISES
I. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.
1. Where is Jimmy? - He is ____ work. He is busy ____ his monthly report.
A. on / for B. in / about C. to / through D. at / with
2. With greatly increased workloads, everyone is _______ pressure now.
A. under B. above C. upon D. out of
3. Pay more attention _______ picture and you can find out who is the robber.
A. to B. for C. at D. on
4. His father used the money he won to set_________his own company.
A. on B. about C. up D. forward
5. I keep sneezing because I got wet_________the way home yesterday.
A. in B. from C. on D. during
6. __________ your advice, I was able to avoid lots of trouble on my trip abroad.
 A. Thanks to B. Despite C. Even though D. Instead of
7. This organization is quick__________sending relief goods to the flooded areas.
A. with B. at C. for D. about
8. Can you help me, please? I can't see the difference__________these words.
A. from B. in C. between D. about
9. That house reminds me __________the one where I used to live.
A. of B. for C. about D. with
10. It was very kind__________you to lend me the money I needed.
A. for B. of C. to D. with
11. Don't walk too fast. I can't keep_________you.
A. on to B. on with C. up to D. up with
12. Gertrude takes_______her mother; she has blue eyes and fair hair,too.
A. in B. up C. after D. down
13. They arrived_______the airport_______good time for the plane.
A. in/ on B. to/ in C. at/ in D. to/ for
14. She’s very old and can’t live alone. She needs someone to look_________her.
A. for B. at C. up D. after
15. What did that man die ________? –A heart attack.
A. in B. for C. of D. about
II. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected.
1. Jack is looking for (A) another (B) job for he says (C) he is really fed up of (D) doing the same
thing every day.
2. The bus will be leaving (A) on (B) five minutes so (C) you’d better (D) hurry up.
3. They sang as (A) they marched so that to (B) forget how (C) tired they were (D).
4. Mr. Carlos, along by (A) his cousins from (B) Mexico City, is (C) planning to attend (D) the
festivities.
III. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
1. ________entering the hall, he found everyone waiting for him.
A. With B. On C. At D. During
2. I’m so tired that I can’t take________what you’ve saying
A. on B. out C. up D. in
3. The sign warns people________the dangers of swimming in this river.
A. about B. from C. with D. to
4. Young people have become increasingly committed________social activities.
A. of B. to C. in D. at
5. Bob has left home and is independent________his parents
A. on B. of C. with D. in
6. Americans rarely shake hands to say goodbye except________business occasions
A. on B. during C. at D. for
7. I’ve learned to put________all the noise.
 A. up with B. out C. on D. off
8. That song was popular________people from my father’s generation.
A. for B. on C. about D. with
9. The English language is rich________vocabulary.
A. at B. in C. on D. for
10. She was quick________understanding what we wanted her to do.
A. in B. about C. for D. at
IV. Fill in the blank.
1. The two friends went _______ the movies by themselves.
2. During the summer I stayed ________ my grandparents.
3. I’ll wait for you _______ the bus stop.
4. The milk is ______ the refrigerator next to the orange juice.
5. Her mother is looking forward _______ going to Australia.
6. The film is based _______ a novel by John Grisham.
7. John is totally obsessed _______ football. He thinks of nothing else.
8. Mary’s in the kitchen looking ______ her car keys.
9. Helen and David always go out for dinner ______ their wedding anniversary.
10. Mr. Mailer: Where's Dr. Perez's office?
Miss King : You need to go _______ one floor. His office is on the third floor, not the fourth floor.
11. There was a long queue of people _______ the bus stop.
12. Jimmy was getting ready for school. He was looking for his clothes.
His mother said, "Your shirt is _______ the chair. Your socks are _______ the drawer. Your shoes
are_______ the bed."
13. Get _______ the bus! It's about to go.
14. The car _______ mine braked very hard and hit my car.
15. You walk very fast. You're always five steps _______ me.
16. There are emergency telephones all _______ the E-5 Motorway.
17. I will be very angry with you if I see your bicycle leaning _______ the rose tree again.
18. There's a big dog _______ you. Quick! Run away!
19. Someone parked his car __________ of my gate. I can't go out.
20. There is a concert. A lot of people are _______ the stadium.
21. Mary is sitting _______ John and Sebastian.
22. The dog is swimming _______ the river.
23. Ali is next to Barıs or Ali is _______ Barıs.
I. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that best completes each sentence.
1-D 2-A 3-A 4-C 5-C
6-A 7-B 8-C 9-A 10 - B
11 - D 12 - C 13 - C 14 - D 15 - C
II. Choose the underlined part in each sentence that should be corrected.
1-D 2-B 3-B 4-A
III. Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.
1-B 2-D 3-A 4-B 5-B
6-A 7-A 8-D 9-B 10 - D
IV. Fill in the blank.
1. to 2. with 3. at 4. in 5. to 6. on
7. with 8. for 9. on 10. down 11. at 12. on
13. on 14. of 15. by 16. on 17. on 18. behind
19. In front 20. in 21. between 22. in 23. beside