Iraqi Kurdistan Region

University of Salahaddin-Erbil
College of Engineering
Department of Software & Informatics

Kurdish Pet Care Website

A Project Submitted to the Department of Software and Informatics

Engineering University of Salahaddin-Erbil
In the Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of
Bachelor In Software and Informatics Engineering

Prepared by:

Yahya Mewan
Hassan Majeed Omar
Majeed

Project Supervisor:

Mrs. Rina Dinkha Zarro

2022-2023
 ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project is to develop a pet care website that addresses the
growing need for comprehensive information and support for pet owners in
Kurdistan and Iraq. The project aims to provide a platform that offers a database of
pet and owner information, self-care guidelines, assistance for missing animals,
and a directory of pet shelter centers. The project follows a software engineering
approach, utilizing HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, JavaScript, jQuery, PHP, and MySQL
as the primary programming and design languages and tools. The website's
development process involves requirements gathering, system architecture design,
and implementation of key features based on user needs and feedback. Through an
extensive literature review and analysis of existing pet care platforms, the project
identified the lack of a centralized and comprehensive system for pet-related
information in Kurdistan and Iraq. The findings underscore the importance of
providing a user-friendly interface, reliable database management, and efficient
communication channels to meet the diverse needs of pet owners. The
implementation of the pet care website yielded positive outcomes. The system
successfully integrated the pet and owner database, enabling users to access
information about various pets, their owners, and self-care tips. Additionally, the
website's missing animal platform and pet shelter center directory proved to be
valuable resources for users facing these challenges. By leveraging HTML, CSS,
Bootstrap, JavaScript, jQuery, PHP, and MySQL, the website provides a user-
friendly platform for accessing pet-related information, promoting responsible pet
ownership, and assisting in cases of missing animals. The project's findings and
results highlight the potential impact of this platform in improving the overall well-
being and care of pets in the region.

I
 DEDICATION
We express our utmost dedication of this final year project to the esteemed
Software and Informatics Department within the College of Engineering at
Salahaddin University-Erbil. The department has played a pivotal role in shaping
our academic journey and equipping us with the necessary knowledge and skills to
undertake this project successfully. We would also like to extend our sincere
gratitude to our project supervisor, who has been a constant source of guidance and
support throughout the development process. Their valuable insights and advice
have significantly contributed to the project's overall quality and direction.
Furthermore, we are deeply appreciative of our families for their unwavering
support and encouragement. Their belief in our abilities and their continuous
assistance has been instrumental in helping us surpass the foundational aspects of
our education, enabling us to excel in our chosen field. Lastly, we would like to
acknowledge our fellow colleagues who have accompanied us on this educational
journey. The exchange of knowledge and collaborative efforts shared among our
peers have fostered a stimulating environment conducive to personal and
intellectual growth. The collective experiences and shared insights have
undoubtedly enriched our understanding of the subject matter. With sincere
appreciation, we dedicate this final year project to all those who have played an
integral role in our academic and personal development, paving the way for our
accomplishments and preparing us for future endeavors in the field of software and
informatics engineering.

II
 SUPERVISOR CERTIFICATE
This statement serves to certify that the project titled "Kurdish Pet Care Website"
was under my supervision throughout its development at the Department of
Software and Informatics Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin
University-Erbil. The project was undertaken as an essential component for
fulfilling the academic requirements leading to the attainment of a Bachelor of
Science degree in Software and Informatics Engineering. As the project supervisor,
I have provided guidance, oversight, and support to ensure the successful execution
of the project. Throughout the development process, I have actively engaged with
the project team, offering advice and making informed decisions to steer the
project in the right direction. By overseeing the "Kurdish Pet Care Website"
project, it is my intent to contribute to the advancement of the field of software and
informatics engineering while providing a practical solution to address the unique
challenges faced by pet owners in our local community.

Supervisor
Signature:
Name: Mrs. Rina Dinkha Zarro
Date: 29 / 5 / 2023

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 EXAMINER CERTIFICATE
This statement serves as an official certification of my role as the examiner for the
project titled "Kurdish Pet Care Website" conducted at the Department of Software
and Informatics Engineering, College of Engineering, Salahaddin University-Erbil.
The project was an integral part of the academic requirements for the completion
of a Bachelor of Science degree in Software and Informatics Engineering. As the
examiner, I have carefully assessed the project's progress and evaluated its
adherence to the established guidelines and standards. I have closely examined the
project's documentation, code implementation, and overall execution to ensure its
academic rigor and technical excellence.

Examiner

Signature: Signature:
Name: Dr. Marwan Aziz Mohammed Name: Mr. Agreen Muhialdeen Saleh
Date: 29 / 5 / 2023 Date: 29 / 5 / 2023

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract.........................................................................................................................I
Dedication....................................................................................................................II
Supervisor certificate................................................................................................III
Examiner certificate..................................................................................................IV
Contents.......................................................................................................................V
List of Figures..........................................................................................................VII
List of Abbriviations...................................................................................................X
Chapter one..................................................................................................................1
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................1
1.1 Background...................................................................................................3
1.2 Problem statements.......................................................................................3
1.3 Proposals for the problem statements...........................................................5
1.4 Research questions........................................................................................6
1.5 Aims and objectives......................................................................................7
1.6 Project scope and limitations.........................................................................8
1.7 Project delimitations......................................................................................9
1.8 Chapter summery........................................................................................10
Chapter two................................................................................................................12
2. Methodology........................................................................................................12
2.1 Implementation tools...................................................................................12
2.1.1 HTML...................................................................................................13
2.1.2 CSS.......................................................................................................14
2.1.3 JavaScript.............................................................................................14
2.1.4 jQuery...................................................................................................15
2.1.5 Bootstrap..............................................................................................16

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 2.1.6 PHP.......................................................................................................17
2.1.7 MySQL.................................................................................................18
2.2 Software model...........................................................................................19
2.2.1 Waterfall model....................................................................................19
2.2.1.1 JFETWM.......................................................................................20
2.2.1.2 Requirement gathering and analysis.............................................21
2.2.1.3 System design................................................................................22
2.2.1.4 Implementation..............................................................................23
2.2.1.5 Testing..........................................................................................23
2.2.1.6 Deployment..................................................................................24
2.2.1.7 Maintenance.................................................................................25
Chapter three.............................................................................................................26
3. Analysis and design.............................................................................................26
3.1 Software tools..............................................................................................26
3.2 Data flow diagram.......................................................................................27
3.3 Design..........................................................................................................27
3.3.1 Database...............................................................................................28
3.3.1.1 Users..............................................................................................31
3.3.1.2 Species...........................................................................................32
3.3.1.3 Stolen_missings.............................................................................32
3.3.1.4 Shelters..........................................................................................33
3.3.1.5 Animals........................................................................................34
3.3.1.6 Products........................................................................................34
3.3.1.7 Pet_stores......................................................................................35
3.3.1.8 Medicines......................................................................................36
3.3.1.9 Pet_clinics.....................................................................................37
3.4 Interface.......................................................................................................37
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 3.5 Post mechanism...........................................................................................40
Chapter four...............................................................................................................41
4. Results and discussions.......................................................................................41
4.1 Home page...................................................................................................41
4.1.1 Image slider..........................................................................................41
4.1.2 Products...............................................................................................42
4.1.3 Lost pets...............................................................................................42
4.1.4 Pet advices...........................................................................................43
4.1.5 Users posts...........................................................................................43
4.2 Login and signup.........................................................................................44
4.3 Forms related to posts.................................................................................46
4.4 Admin approval page..................................................................................48
4.5 Lost pets page..............................................................................................49
4.6 Pet advices page..........................................................................................50
4.7 Map page.....................................................................................................50
4.8 Products page..............................................................................................51
4.9 Pet service facilities.....................................................................................51
4.9.1 Pet stores page....................................................................................52
4.9.2 Pet clinics page..................................................................................53
4.9.3 Pet shelters page................................................................................54
4.10 About us page............................................................................................55
4.11 Footer........................................................................................................57
Chapter five................................................................................................................58
5. Conclusion and future work................................................................................58
5.1 Conclusion...................................................................................................58
5.2 Future work.................................................................................................58

VII
 LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Waterfall Model Diagram.....................................................................20
Figure 3.1: Zero Level DFD....................................................................................27
Figure 3.2: Physical ER Diagram...........................................................................29
Figure 3.3: Conceptual ER Diagram......................................................................30
Figure 3.4: Login and Signup Flowchart................................................................38
Figure 3.5: Roles....................................................................................................39
Figure 3.6: Post Mechanism Flowchart..................................................................40
Figure 4.1: Home Page, Slide Show Section...........................................................41
Figure 4.2: Home Page, Products Section..............................................................42
Figure 4.3: Home Page, Lost Pets Section.............................................................42
Figure 4.4: Home Page, Advices Section...............................................................43
Figure 4.5: Home Page, Posts Section.....................................................................44
Figure 4.6: Signup Page, Cropped...........................................................................45
Figure 4.7: Login Page, Cropped.............................................................................45
Figure 4.8: Add Information Form..........................................................................46
Figure 4.9: Edit Information Form.........................................................................47
Figure 4.10: Show Information Form......................................................................47
Figure 4.11: Navbar, Admin Page Tab...................................................................48
Figure 4.12: Admin Page, Pet Posts........................................................................48
Figure 4.13: Lost Pets Page....................................................................................49
Figure 4.14: Pet Advices Page...............................................................................50
Figure 4.15: Map Page...........................................................................................50
Figure 4.16: Pet Products Page..............................................................................51
Figure 4.17: Navbar, “Places” Tab, Cropped.........................................................51
Figure 4.18: Pet Stores Page, Card Front...............................................................52

VIII
Figure 4.19: Pet Stores Page, Card Back...............................................................52
Figure 4.20: Pet Clinics Page, Card Front..............................................................53
Figure 4.21: Pet Clinics Page, Card Back..............................................................53
Figure 4.22: Pet Shelters Page.................................................................................54
Figure 4.23: About Us Page....................................................................................56
Figure 4.24: Footer..................................................................................................57

IX
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Stands for

IT Information Technology

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

HTML Hypertext Markup Language

CSS Cascading Style Sheets

JS JavaScript

SQL Structured Query Language

DOM Document Object Model

AJAX Asynchronous JavaScript And XML

RDBMS Relational Database Management System

SDLC Software Development Life Cycle

ASP.NET Active Server Pages Network Enabled

Technologies

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ER diagram Entity Relationship diagram

JFETWM Justifications For Employing The Waterfall Model

X
 CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
The increasing population of pet owners in Kurdistan and Iraq has created a
pressing need for a comprehensive and centralized system that can provide proper
information about pets and their care. Currently, there is a lack of such a system,
which leaves pet owners without a reliable resource to access accurate and detailed
information about their pets. This gap in the existing infrastructure highlights the
necessity of our research project, which aims to develop a web-based pet care
website that addresses these issues and contributes to the improvement of pet care
practices. Through an extensive review of existing literature, it has been
determined that the current state of pet care services in Kurdistan and Iraq is
inadequate. There is a scarcity of platforms that offer comprehensive databases for
pets and their owners, resulting in difficulties in accessing relevant information.
Furthermore, the lack of guidance and resources for pet owners regarding the
proper care and well-being of their pets poses challenges for both owners and the
animals themselves. Additionally, the growing problem of stray animals further
emphasizes the need for a system that provides information about pet shelters and
assists in the transportation and management of these animals. Given these
circumstances, we have undertaken this study to develop a web-based pet care
website that will serve as a reliable and centralized platform for pet owners in
Kurdistan and Iraq. The primary objective of this project is to create a
comprehensive database that includes detailed information about pets and their
owners. By doing so, we aim to empower pet owners with accurate and accessible
information, enabling them to make informed decisions about the care, health, and
well-being of their pets. This research project will make a significant contribution
to the field of pet care by addressing the existing gaps in the current infrastructure.

1
By developing a user-friendly platform that provides comprehensive information
about pets, offers guidance on pet care practices, and includes a helping platform
for missing or stolen animals, our website will enhance the overall quality of pet
care in Kurdistan and Iraq. Additionally, the incorporation of information about pet
shelter providing centers will contribute to the management of stray animals,
which is an ongoing and complex issue in the region. Therefore, the central
research question that guides this project is: How can we develop an effective web-
based system that provides a comprehensive database for pets and their owners,
offers guidance on pet care practices, includes a helping platform for missing or
stolen animals, and incorporates information about pet shelter providing centers in
Kurdistan and Iraq? By addressing this research question, we aim to bridge the
existing gaps in the pet care infrastructure, improve the well-being of pets, and
support responsible pet ownership in the region. The website caters to a broad
audience and offers free accessibility. However, it is important to note that users
inherently possess varying levels of ability to access and interact with the website's
features and functionalities.

The categorization of users on our website:

1. Guests: users that come to the website and didn’t register themselves before
can only see the registered user’s pictures and the products available in the
website and the other sections in the website but they can not post pictures or
edit others posts.
2. Registered users: users who registered themselves have the same privileges as
the Guests with some addition, they can post and edit their posts afterwards if
their posts get approved by the admin, registered users can only manage their
own posts and they have a limit of 3 posts per section.

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3. Admin: a user that has the ability to manage the stores, clinics, shelters,
products, and manage posts posted by others.

1.1 BACKGROUND
This website will be a valuable resource for pet owners, animal lovers, and
organizations involved in pet care, ultimately enhancing the well-being of pets and
the community as a whole. Our platform goes beyond basic information provision
by offering guidance on dealing with different types of pets and promoting self-
care practices among owners. We recognize that pet owners may require guidance
on grooming, nutrition, exercise, training, and overall pet welfare. Therefore, our
website will provide valuable resources and recommendations to help pet owners
make informed decisions and ensure the well-being of their pets. Another crucial
aspect of our website is the incorporation of a helping platform for missing or
stolen animals. This feature aims to assist pet owners during distressing situations
by providing a platform to report and track missing pets. By offering a centralized
and accessible resource, we increase the chances of reuniting lost pets with their
owners and alleviating the emotional burden experienced by pet owners in such
circumstances. Furthermore, our website will include information about pet shelter
providing centers. This feature aims to address the growing problem of stray
animals in Kurdistan and Iraq. By providing details about these shelters and their
services, we facilitate the process of locating suitable shelters and contribute to the
management and transportation of stray animals.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTS

1. Lack of a Comprehensive Information System: The current pet care
infrastructure in Kurdistan and Iraq lacks a centralized system that can provide
accurate and comprehensive information about pets and their care. This absence
hinders pet owners from accessing reliable resources to understand the specific

3
 needs, health requirements, and behavior of their pets, resulting in suboptimal
care practices.
2. Absence of a Missing or Stolen Animal Reporting System: The current
infrastructure does not offer a dedicated platform to report missing or stolen
animals. This limitation creates significant challenges for pet owners who, in
distressing situations, require immediate assistance and coordination efforts to
locate and recover their lost pets.
3. Inadequate Management of Stray Animals: The problem of stray animals in
Kurdistan and Iraq is growing and poses a significant challenge. The absence of
a streamlined system to transport stray animals to suitable pet shelter providing
centers further exacerbates this issue. There is a pressing need for an organized
approach to address the increasing number of stray animals and ensure their
proper care and well-being.
4. Limited Guidance on Pet Care and Self-Care Practices: Pet owners often
face difficulties in finding reliable information and guidance on pet care and
self-care practices. The lack of accessible resources hinders pet owners from
making informed decisions regarding the health, nutrition, grooming, and
overall well-being of their pets.
5. Fragmented Information on Pet Shelter Providing Centers: The information
regarding pet shelter providing centers is currently fragmented and not easily
accessible. This lack of a centralized platform for locating and accessing these
centers poses challenges for individuals seeking assistance in managing stray
animals or finding suitable shelters for their pets.
6. Difficulty in Locating Pet Services in Kurdistan: One of the primary
challenges faced by pet owners in Kurdistan is the arduous task of finding
reliable and trustworthy pet service providers. The lack of a centralized

4
 platform or comprehensive directory makes it challenging for pet owners to
locate and access the necessary services for their pets' well-being and care.

1.3 PROPOSALS FOR THE PROBLEM STATEMENTS

1. Lack of a Comprehensive Information System: Develop a web-based system
that serves as a centralized database for pets and their owners, providing
accurate and detailed information about various pet species, their specific
needs, and care requirements. Implement user-friendly interfaces to facilitate
easy access to pet-related information and resources.
2. Absence of a Missing or Stolen Animal Reporting System: Integrate a
dedicated platform within the web-based system to allow pet owners to report
missing or stolen animals promptly. Implement contact information sharing,
and collaboration with local authorities and animal welfare organizations to
enhance the chances of recovering lost pets. Provide guidance to pet owners on
preventive measures to minimize the risk of pet theft and promote responsible
pet ownership.
3. Inadequate Management of Stray Animals: Create a comprehensive database
of pet shelter providing centers, including their locations, services offered, and
contact details. Develop a user-friendly interface that allows individuals to
locate and connect with nearby pet shelters or organizations involved in stray
animal management. Facilitate partnerships with pet shelter providing centers to
streamline the process of rescuing, housing, and rehoming stray animals.
Promote awareness campaigns and educational resources on responsible pet
ownership, spaying/neutering, and the importance of adopting stray animals.
4. Limited Guidance on Pet Care and Self-Care Practices: Offer a
comprehensive section within the web-based system that provides guidance on
various aspects of pet care, including nutrition, grooming, training, and overall

5
 well-being. Collaborate with veterinarians, trainers, and experienced pet owners
to curate reliable and up-to-date information.
5. Difficulty in Locating Pet Services in Kurdistan: Integrate a built-in Google
Map feature that marks to the most trustworthy pet service providers in
Kurdistan. Establish partnerships with pet service providers to ensure accurate
information and quality services are available on the platform. Regularly update
and maintain the database of pet service providers to keep the information
current and reliable.
6. Fragmented Information on Pet Shelter Providing Centers: Regularly
update the database of pet shelter providing centers to ensure accuracy and
provide detailed profiles of each center, including their mission, facilities,
adoption processes, and success stories. Develop a user-friendly interface that
allows pet owners to easily search for pet shelter providing centers based on
location, available services, and specific requirements.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Research questions for the project could include:

1. What are the current challenges faced by pet owners in accessing reliable
information about pet care and services in Kurdistan and Iraq?
2. How can a web-based system effectively address the lack of centralized
information about pets and their owners in the region?
3. What features and functionalities should be included in the system to enhance
the accessibility and usability of pet-related information?
4. What strategies can be implemented to improve the management and tracking
of missing or stolen animals through the web-based platform?
5. How can the system facilitate the collaboration between pet owners and pet
shelters to effectively address the issue of stray animals in Kurdistan and Iraq?

6
6. What are the potential benefits and impacts of implementing the web-based
system on promoting responsible pet ownership and improving the overall pet
care landscape?
7. What are the potential challenges and barriers in the adoption and
implementation of the system, and how can they be addressed?
8. How does the web-based system compare to existing approaches or platforms
in terms of providing comprehensive pet care information and facilitating
access to pet services in the region?
9. What are the future possibilities and expansion opportunities for the web-based
system to further enhance pet care and address emerging needs in Kurdistan
and Iraq?

These research questions will guide the investigation and exploration of the
project's objectives and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the impact
and effectiveness of the proposed web-based system.

1.5 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

1. To provide a comprehensive and centralized information system for pets and
their owners in Kurdistan and Iraq. Develop a web-based system that includes a
database for pets and their owners, storing relevant information such as breed,
birth date, and specific care requirements. Provide a user-friendly platform that
offers guidance and resources on dealing with pets and promoting self-care
practices for pet owners. Create a dedicated helping platform to assist in cases
of missing or stolen animals, facilitating their recovery and reunification with
their owners.
2. To improve pet care and promote responsible pet ownership through accessible
information and resources. Provide users with guidance on proper pet care,
grooming, exercise routines, and preventive healthcare measures. Collaborate

7
 with veterinary professionals and pet care experts to ensure the accuracy and
relevance of the provided information.
3. To enhance the management and welfare of stray animals in Kurdistan and Iraq.
Develop a platform that includes a database of pet shelter providing centers,
their locations, contact information, and available facilities. Collaborate with
local authorities and animal welfare organizations to implement initiatives such
as spaying, neutering, and adoption programs to reduce the population of stray
animals. Promote awareness and understanding of the importance of stray
animal management through educational resources and success stories.

By achieving these aims and objectives, the web-based project seeks to address the
current challenges related to pet care, responsible ownership, missing animals, and
stray animal management, ultimately improving the overall well-being of pets in
Kurdistan and Iraq.

1.6 PROJECT SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The scope of our project encompasses the development and implementation of a
web-based system that aims to address the current lack of a comprehensive
information platform for pets and their owners in Kurdistan and Iraq. Despite the
comprehensive nature of our project, there are certain limitations that need to be
acknowledged. These include:

1. Data Accuracy: The accuracy and reliability of the information within the
database depend on the input provided by pet owners and shelter providers.
While efforts will be made to ensure data integrity, there may be instances of
incomplete or inaccurate information.
2. Accessibility: The web-based system relies on internet connectivity and user
access to electronic devices. Therefore, individuals without internet access or

8
 limited technological resources may face difficulties in utilizing the system
effectively.
3. Language and Cultural Considerations: The project will primarily focus on
catering to the needs of the Kurdish and Iraqi population. Therefore, the
system's content and user interface may be limited to specific languages and
cultural contexts.
4. Adoption and User Participation: The success and impact of the project rely
on user adoption and active participation. Encouraging pet owners, shelter
providers, and other stakeholders to actively engage with the system may pose
challenges and require targeted awareness campaigns and user training
initiatives.
5. Sustainability: The long-term sustainability of the web-based system may
depend on factors such as funding, technical support, and continuous updates
and maintenance. Without proper resources and support, the system's
functionality and effectiveness may be compromised over time.

It is important to acknowledge these limitations and continuously work towards

addressing them to maximize the benefits and impact of the project.

1.7 PROJECT DELIMITATIONS

In addition to the scope and limitations mentioned, it is essential to outline the
delimitations of the project. Delimitations refer to the intentional boundaries or
exclusions set for the project. The current delimitations for our project are as
follows:

1. Geographic Focus: The project primarily focuses on addressing the pet care
challenges and needs specific to the regions of Kurdistan and Iraq. It does not
extend its scope to cover other geographical areas.

9
2. Platform Limitations: The project is limited to the development of a web-
based system and does not include the creation of mobile applications or other
platforms. The system will be designed to be accessible through standard web
browsers.
3. Limited Species Coverage: While the project aims to provide information
about various pets, the focus will primarily be on commonly kept pets in
Kurdistan and Iraq. The system may not extensively cover less common or
exotic animal species.
4. Legal and Regulatory Considerations: The project will adhere to ethical
guidelines and legal regulations applicable to pet care in Kurdistan and Iraq.
However, it may not encompass specific legal frameworks or regulations from
other countries or regions.
5. Technical Expertise: The project assumes a certain level of technical
expertise and infrastructure availability for successful implementation. It may
not provide extensive training or technical support for users with limited
technological proficiency.

These delimitations are necessary to maintain a focused and manageable project

scope and ensure the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed solutions within
the given context.

1.8 CHAPTER SUMMERY

Chapter two provides an in-depth examination of the methodology employed and
the implementation tools utilized in the development of the system. An overview is
presented, outlining the specific tools, techniques, and methodologies employed to
construct the web-based system. The rationale behind the selection of these tools is
discussed, considering their suitability and effectiveness in achieving the desired
objectives of the project. Chapter three a comprehensive exposition of the detailed

10
design and description of the various components employed in the project is
presented. The design considerations and architectural choices made during the
development process are outlined, highlighting the key functionalities and features
of each component. The description encompasses a thorough analysis of the
system's structure, interfaces, and relationships between different components,
shedding light on their individual roles and contributions to the overall system
architecture. Chapter four presents the results of our study and provide a detailed
discussion of the findings. The primary objective of our study was to develop and
implement a pet care website in Kurdistan and Iraq, aiming to address the
challenges associated with pet information management, self-care guidance,
missing or stolen pets, and the transportation of stray animals. Chapter 5, the final
chapter serves as the conclusion, summarizing the most significant points and
outcomes of the developed system. The chapter delves into future prospects and
potential enhancements, exploring avenues for further development and
improvement in line with emerging technologies and user needs. The envisioned
future works aim to expand the system's capabilities, enhance user experience, and
incorporate additional functionalities to meet evolving requirements.

11
 CHAPTER TWO
2. METHODOLOGY
This chapter focuses on the project methodology, providing an overview of
the tools and techniques employed in the construction of the project as outlined in
the previous chapter. A comprehensive description of the web-related tools utilized
for the project design is presented. The chapter commences with an introduction
that elucidates the methodology pertaining to the fundamental concepts of web
design and computers, constituting the initial section. Subsequently, an
introduction is provided on web development, encompassing PHP, HTML, CSS,
Bootstrap, JavaScript, jQuery, and MySQL.

2.1 IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS

The Proposed System is a web-based application integrated with a PhpMyAdmin
database and developed using PHP, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, jQuery, and
Bootstrap. The primary objective of this system is to facilitate efficient searching
and retrieval of IT-related resources, software subjects, and programming
languages. By minimizing the time required to locate the desired resources,
subjects, or questions, the system caters to the internet-dependent nature of the
current generation. The website enables users to easily access pet care and relevant
information, thanks to the organized files and categorized objects that ensure a
user-friendly experience. The design of the website utilizes HTML, CSS, and
Bootstrap to create an aesthetically appealing interface. PHP is chosen for its
flexibility, user-friendly nature, and enhanced security features. PhpMyAdmin is
selected as the preferred database management system due to its ease of use
compared to other alternatives. The implementation tools employed in the project
are as follows, along with the reasons for their selection:

12
1. PHP, JavaScript, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, and jQuery: These programming
languages and frameworks are utilized for programming and designing the
website. Additionally, Visual Studio Code can be employed as the development
environment.
2. MySQL server: This database server is employed for testing the database and
performing data additions and updates. The XAMPP server is used due to it’s
user-friendly interface and cost-effectiveness compared to other available
options.

2.1.1 HTML (HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a fundamental language used for
structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. It serves as the
backbone of web pages, providing a standardized format for organizing and
displaying text, images, multimedia, and hyperlinks. Developed in the early 1990s,
HTML is a markup language that uses tags to define the structure and semantics of
a document. The main purpose of HTML is to create a logical hierarchy of
elements that form the basis of a web page's layout and functionality. It defines the
structure of a document by dividing it into sections, such as headings, paragraphs,
lists, tables, and forms. HTML tags act as containers for different types of content,
allowing web browsers to interpret and render the content accordingly. HTML is
designed to be platform-independent and accessible to a wide range of devices and
browsers. It provides a flexible and versatile framework for creating static web
pages as well as dynamic websites when combined with other technologies like
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) and JavaScript. Overall, HTML plays a crucial role
in web development, serving as the foundation for creating well-structured and
accessible web pages that can be easily understood and rendered by web browsers.

13
2.1.2 CSS (CASCADING STYLE SHEETS)
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used for describing the
presentation and visual appearance of a document written in HTML or XML. It
was introduced in the late 1990s as a way to separate the content and structure of a
web page from its presentation, providing greater flexibility and control over the
design aspects. The primary purpose of CSS is to define how HTML elements
should be displayed on a web page. It allows web developers to specify properties
such as colors, fonts, spacing, layout, and positioning of elements, enabling them
to create visually appealing and consistent designs across multiple web pages. By
using CSS, developers can apply styles to individual elements or groups of
elements, making it easy to maintain and update the design of a website. CSS also
supports the concept of cascading, where multiple styles can be applied to an
element, and the browser determines the final appearance based on the specificity
and order of the styles. CSS has evolved over the years, with new features and
capabilities added to enhance its functionality. It has become an essential part of
modern web development, providing the means to create responsive and mobile-
friendly designs, adapt layouts to different screen sizes, and apply animations and
transitions to elements. In summary, CSS empowers web developers to control the
visual presentation of web pages, ensuring consistency, flexibility, and improved
user experience across various devices and platforms.

2.1.3 JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is a high-level programming language primarily used for adding
interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. Developed in the mid-1990s, it
quickly became a fundamental component of web development, allowing
developers to create engaging and interactive user experiences. Initially designed
as a scripting language to perform simple tasks on web browsers, JavaScript has

14
evolved into a versatile and powerful programming language. It is supported by all
major web browsers, making it a universal choice for client-side scripting.
JavaScript enables developers to manipulate HTML elements, handle events,
validate form inputs, create animations, and perform calculations. It provides a
wide range of built-in functions and methods, as well as the ability to create
custom functions and objects. With the introduction of frameworks and libraries
like Node.js, Angular, and React, JavaScript expanded its scope to server-side
programming and building complex web applications. This allows developers to
write both client-side and server-side code using the same language, simplifying
the development process and enhancing code reusability. JavaScript's popularity
and widespread adoption have led to a vast ecosystem of resources, documentation,
and community support. It continues to evolve, with new features and
specifications being introduced regularly, enabling developers to create modern,
responsive, and interactive web applications. In summary, JavaScript is a dynamic
programming language that empowers web developers to create interactive web
pages, handle events, manipulate HTML elements, and build robust web
applications for both client-side and server-side environments.

2.1.4 JQUERY
jQuery is a fast, lightweight, and feature-rich JavaScript library that simplifies the
process of web development. It was introduced in 2006 with the aim of making
client-side scripting more accessible and efficient. jQuery revolutionized web
development by providing a unified and consistent way to interact with HTML
documents, manipulate the DOM (Document Object Model), handle events, create
animations, and perform AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) requests. By
abstracting complex JavaScript tasks into simple and concise functions, jQuery
greatly reduces the amount of code required for common web development tasks.

15
It provides a wide range of pre-built functions and methods that can be easily
applied to HTML elements, allowing developers to add interactivity and dynamic
behavior to web pages with ease. One of the key strengths of jQuery is its cross-
browser compatibility, ensuring that code written using jQuery works consistently
across different browsers. It also offers a large number of plugins and extensions,
further expanding its capabilities and providing additional functionality for tasks
such as form validation, image sliders, and content filtering. Over the years, jQuery
has become immensely popular and widely adopted by developers around the
world. Its intuitive syntax, extensive documentation, and active community support
make it a go-to choice for both beginners and experienced developers. In summary,
jQuery is a powerful JavaScript library that simplifies web development by
providing an intuitive and efficient way to manipulate the DOM, handle events,
create animations, and perform AJAX requests. Its lightweight nature, cross-
browser compatibility, and vast ecosystem of plugins have contributed to its
widespread adoption and enduring popularity in the web development community.

2.1.5 BOOTSTRAP
Bootstrap is a popular front-end framework that was developed by Twitter in 2011.
It is designed to streamline the process of building responsive and mobile-first
websites and web applications. The framework provides a collection of pre-
designed HTML, CSS, and JavaScript components and utilities, allowing
developers to create professional and visually appealing interfaces with ease. One
of the key features of Bootstrap is its responsive grid system, which enables the
creation of layouts that automatically adapt to different screen sizes and devices.
This grid system, combined with the responsive CSS classes provided by
Bootstrap, makes it straightforward to build websites that are optimized for
desktops, tablets, and mobile devices. Bootstrap also includes a wide range of

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reusable UI components such as buttons, forms, navigation menus, modals, and
carousels. These components are customizable and can be easily integrated into
projects, saving developers valuable time and effort. Furthermore, Bootstrap's
extensive set of CSS classes and JavaScript plugins enhance the functionality and
appearance of web pages. These plugins provide interactive features like dropdown
menus, tooltips, and accordions, making it easy to add interactivity to web
interfaces without writing complex code from scratch. The popularity of Bootstrap
stems from its user-friendly and intuitive nature, extensive documentation, and
strong community support. It has become a go-to choice for developers of all skill
levels, enabling them to create visually appealing, responsive, and feature-rich
websites and applications efficiently. (Bootstrap, 2011)

2.1.6 PHP (HYPERTEXT PREPROCESSOR)

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely used server-side scripting language
primarily designed for web development. It was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in
1994 and has since evolved into a robust and versatile language. PHP is embedded
within HTML code and executed on the server, generating dynamic web pages.
One of PHP's key strengths is its ability to interact with databases, making it
suitable for developing database-driven websites and applications. It supports
various database systems, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle, allowing
developers to store and retrieve data efficiently. PHP offers a broad range of
features and functionalities, including support for different file formats, string
manipulation, regular expressions, and encryption. It also provides extensive
support for handling forms, processing user input, and managing sessions to create
interactive web experiences. Moreover, PHP has a large and active community that
has contributed to the creation of numerous open-source frameworks and libraries,
such as Laravel, Symfony, and CodeIgniter. These frameworks simplify the

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development process by providing reusable components, MVC architecture, and
other advanced features, promoting code organization and maintainability. Due to
its ease of use, versatility, and extensive documentation, PHP has become one of
the most popular languages for web development. It powers millions of websites
and applications worldwide, making it a go-to choice for developers looking to
create dynamic and feature-rich web solutions. (PHP Documentation, 1995)

2.1.7 MYSQL
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS)
widely used for storing, managing, and retrieving data. It was initially developed
by MySQL AB, later acquired by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is known for its
reliability, scalability, and performance, making it a popular choice for both small-
scale and enterprise-level applications. As an RDBMS, MySQL follows the
relational model, organizing data into tables consisting of rows and columns. It
supports SQL (Structured Query Language), providing a comprehensive set of
commands for creating, querying, modifying, and managing databases. MySQL
offers a range of advanced features, including support for transactions, indexes,
and stored procedures, ensuring data integrity and improving performance. It also
provides various storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, each optimized
for different use cases. Additionally, MySQL is highly compatible and can be
integrated with different programming languages and platforms, including PHP,
Python, Java, and more. It has extensive community support and documentation,
making it easier for developers to learn and utilize. Due to its open-source nature,
MySQL is widely adopted by businesses and organizations of all sizes. It is used in
various applications, from simple websites to complex enterprise systems,
providing a reliable and efficient solution for managing and accessing data.

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2.2 SOFTWARE MODEL
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) or Application Development Life
Cycle is a term widely employed in the fields of systems engineering, information
systems, and software engineering. It encompasses a structured approach to the
planning, creation, testing, and deployment of an information system. The SDLC
concept is applicable to various configurations, encompassing hardware, software,
or a combination thereof. Several models are available for guiding the
development process, including the Waterfall model, V model, Incremental model,
RAD model, Agile model, Iterative model, Spiral model, and Prototype model. In
the context of building the website, the Waterfall Model is utilized.

2.2.1 WATERFALL MODEL

The waterfall model is a well-known software development process that
emphasizes a sequential and logical progression of steps throughout the Software
Development Life Cycle (SDLC). This model draws an analogy to the cascading
steps of an incremental waterfall. While the popularity of the waterfall model has
diminished in recent years, with the rise of more agile methodologies, its inherent
logical nature and sequential approach continue to hold significance, making it a
prevalent design process in the industry. This article aims to explore the key stages
that constitute the core of the waterfall model. It examines the optimal situations
for implementing this model and discusses scenarios where alternative design
philosophies may be preferred over the waterfall approach. The contributions of
Dr. Winston W. Royce are acknowledged in the development and formulation of
the waterfall model, which has provided a structured and systematic framework for
software development projects. The next page shows a detailed diagram of the
Waterfall Model:

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 Requirement Gathering and Analysis

System Design

Implementation

Testing

Deployment

Maintenance

Figure 2.1: Waterfall Model Diagram

2.2.1.1 JUSTIFICATIONS FOR EMPLOYING

THE WATERFALL MODEL
1. It is one of the simplest models to manage due to its inherent structure, where in
each phase has well-defined deliverables and undergoes a thorough review
process.
2. It is particularly effective for smaller-scale projects characterized by easily
understandable requirements.
3. The waterfall model enables expedited project delivery, ensuring efficient
completion within the stipulated timeframe.
4. The process and outcomes of the project are comprehensively documented,
ensuring clarity and facilitating future reference.

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5. The waterfall model is easily adaptable to accommodate changes in team
composition, making it a flexible approach in terms of team dynamics.
6. This project management methodology proves advantageous in effectively
managing dependencies within a project, thereby ensuring smooth coordination
and integration among various components.

Note: It is important to acknowledge that while the waterfall model offers certain
benefits, it may not be suitable for all projects, particularly those with evolving
requirements or complex dependencies. Careful consideration should be given to
project characteristics and stakeholder needs before selecting the appropriate
software development approach.

2.2.1.2 REQUIREMENT GATHERING AND ANALYSIS

In the waterfall model, the requirement gathering and analysis phase is the initial
stage of the software development life cycle (SDLC). This phase involves
gathering and understanding the project's requirements, objectives, and constraints.
The primary goal is to define and document the project's functional and non-
functional requirements. The requirement gathering and analysis process
encompassed the systematic collection and analysis of project requirements, which
were derived from the project description provided by the project supervisor. In
terms of functional requirements, our website encompassed various aspects,
including user registration, login and authentication, as well as content
management, among others. These functionalities were deemed essential for
facilitating user engagement, ensuring proper access control, and enabling effective
management of website content. Regarding non-functional requirements, our focus
extended to factors such as usability, security, compatibility, and reliability.
Emphasizing usability, we aimed to create an intuitive and user-friendly interface,
enhancing the overall user experience. Security considerations encompassed

21
implementing robust measures to safeguard user data, ensuring secure
authentication, and employing secure transmission protocols. Compatibility aspects
were addressed to ensure seamless operation across various web browsers,
operating systems, and devices. Lastly, reliability considerations sought to
minimize website downtime and efficiently handle errors or exceptions, ensuring
consistent availability and uninterrupted user access. By incorporating both
functional and non-functional requirements, we aimed to develop a comprehensive
website that not only fulfilled user needs but also adhered to industry standards and
best practices in order to provide a robust and satisfactory user experience.

2.2.1.3 SYSTEM DESIGN

In the design phase, instead of utilizing dedicated design platforms such as Figma,
our approach involved drawing inspiration from existing pet care websites and
seeking guidance from knowledgeable UI/UX designers within our network. This
decision was made to gather insights and recommendations from experienced
professionals in the field, leveraging their expertise to enhance the design
aesthetics and usability of our website. By exploring various pet care websites, we
aimed to analyze their visual elements, layout structures, and interactive features,
identifying effective design patterns and strategies applicable to our own project.
Additionally, seeking advice from UI/UX designers allowed us to receive valuable
input on design principles, user-centered considerations, and industry best
practices. Although we deviated from utilizing specific design platforms, our
methodology of gathering ideas from established websites and seeking expert
advice contributed to the creation of a well-informed and visually appealing design
for our pet care website. By incorporating insights from both existing industry
examples and seasoned designers, we aimed to ensure the usability, aesthetics, and
overall effectiveness of the website's design. (My Color Space, 2021)

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2.2.1.4 IMPLEMENTATION
During the implementation phase, we proceeded to translate the previously
analyzed requirements and finalized design into executable code. This phase
involved the systematic development and coding of the website's functionalities,
adhering to the established specifications and design guidelines. With the analyzed
requirements serving as a foundation, we commenced the coding process, applying
appropriate programming languages and frameworks to realize the desired features
and functionalities outlined in the project's scope. The confirmed design served as
a reference point, ensuring the alignment between the visual representation and the
corresponding code implementation. The implementation phase encompassed the
creation and integration of various software components, modules, and algorithms.
Through meticulous coding practices, we aimed to achieve a robust and reliable
system that fulfilled the intended objectives. Regular testing and debugging were
conducted throughout this phase to identify and rectify any coding errors or
inconsistencies. By meticulously executing the implementation phase, we strived
to transform the conceptualized requirements and design into a fully functional and
operational website. This phase served as a crucial step in materializing the
envisioned solution, leveraging the coding process to translate abstract concepts
into tangible software components. (Duckett, 2011) (Duckett, 2014) (Duckett,
2022)

2.2.1.5 TESTING
During the testing phase of the development process for our pet care website, a
comprehensive range of testing methods was employed. These methods
encompassed various aspects of the website's functionality and performance,
aiming to ensure its quality and reliability. Unit testing was conducted to
scrutinize the individual components and modules of the website, assessing their
correctness and functionality in isolation. Integration testing was employed to
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verify the seamless integration and interaction between different components,
ensuring the cohesive operation of the integrated system. Acceptance testing
played a vital role in evaluating the website against the predefined requirements
and criteria, ensuring its alignment with the client's expectations. Usability testing
was performed to assess the user interface and overall user experience, seeking to
enhance the website's ease of use and effectiveness. Lastly, system testing
encompassed a comprehensive evaluation of the website as a whole. This phase
examined the functionality, performance, and reliability of the entire system,
assessing its behavior under diverse scenarios and usage conditions. Through the
application of these rigorous testing methodologies, our pet care website
underwent meticulous examination and scrutiny, aiming to identify and rectify any
defects or deficiencies before its deployment. By adhering to these rigorous testing
practices, we sought to ensure the delivery of a high-quality and robust website
that meets the intended objectives and user expectations.

2.2.1.6 DEPLOYMENT
The team undertakes the construction and deployment of the system on the
specifically acquired servers designated for Pet Care purposes. This phase
encompasses a range of essential activities, including the installation of the
operating system on the servers, the application of security patches, the
implementation of stringent security measures to fortify the servers, the
establishment of web servers and application servers, and the setup of the database
infrastructure. Additionally, the team collaborates closely with network and IT
administrative teams to ensure a seamless integration and successful deployment of
the system onto the production servers. This coordination involves addressing any
network-related requirements, configuring necessary IT infrastructure components,
and overseeing the final steps necessary to bring the system online and operational.

24
By meticulously executing these construction and installation tasks, in conjunction
with effective collaboration with network and IT administrative teams, the project
strives to establish a robust and fully functional system for Pet Care, ready to serve
its intended purpose.

2.2.1.7 MAINTENANCE
Throughout the maintenance phase, the team diligently monitors the system's
performance on the servers to ensure uninterrupted operation. Their primary
objective is to sustain a seamless user experience without any instances of system
downtime. In the event of reported issues that arise following the system's
deployment, the team promptly addresses and resolves them. These identified
issues are diligently fixed by the development team, following which they undergo
thorough testing conducted by the dedicated testing team. This rigorous testing
process ensures that the fixes effectively address the reported issues and do not
introduce any new defects or disruptions to the system's functionality. By
proactively maintaining the system and promptly addressing reported issues, the
team upholds a high level of reliability and availability for the system. This
commitment to ongoing maintenance ensures that users can continue to utilize the
system without interruptions, fostering satisfaction and trust in the system's
performance and functionality.

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 CHAPTER THREE
3. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
This chapter provides a comprehensive design and description of the various
components utilized in the project. It includes essential tables, figures, flowcharts,
and diagrams to effectively illustrate detailed information about the components
employed in our project.

3.1 SOFTWARE TOOLS

The software tools utilized in the development of the pet care website encompass a
wide range of programming languages, frameworks, and server technologies.
These tools were carefully selected and employed to facilitate the creation and
implementation of the website's functional and interactive components.
Programming languages such as PHP, JavaScript, HTML and CSS were utilized to
establish the foundational structure, logic, and presentation of the website. These
languages provide a robust and flexible foundation for building dynamic web
applications, enabling seamless integration of client-side and server-side
functionalities. Frameworks, such as Laravel and Bootstrap, were employed to
expedite the development process and enhance the efficiency and maintainability
of the website. These frameworks provide a comprehensive set of pre-defined
libraries, modules, and functionalities, allowing for rapid development and
streamlined code organization. In addition, the Apache server was utilized to host
and serve the website, ensuring its availability and accessibility to users. This
server technology offers reliable and scalable solutions for delivering web content
and handling user requests. By leveraging these software tools, the development
team was able to harness the power and capabilities of modern programming
languages, frameworks, and servers, enabling the creation of a robust and feature-
rich pet care website. The careful selection and utilization of these tools

26
contributed to the efficiency, functionality, and overall quality of the website's
implementation.

3.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM (DFD)

A data flow diagram (DFD) is a visual depiction that illustrates how information
flows and undergoes transformations as it moves from input to output. It serves as
a representation of software at various levels of abstraction. DFDs are structured in
levels, with each level reducing the level of abstraction while providing more
detailed information about the functional components of the system. A zero-level
DFD, also referred to as the context or fundamental system model, presents a
comprehensive view of the software elements, depicting input and output data
entities as incoming and outgoing arrows.

Figure 3.1: Zero Level DFD

3.3 DESIGN
This section endeavors to offer a comprehensive elucidation of the database design
employed in the project, elucidating the constituent tables within the database, as
well as their respective fields, primary keys, and foreign keys. By delving into the
intricacies of the database design, this section aims to provide a thorough
understanding of the structural elements that underpin the project's data

27
management system. The database design encompasses the organization and
arrangement of tables that store and manage the project's data. Each table is
comprised of various fields that represent specific data attributes or properties.
These fields are carefully defined to capture the pertinent information required for
the project's functionality and objectives.

3.3.1 DATABASE
In the context of modern dynamic websites, databases serve as essential
components for storing and managing diverse content types, including articles,
user profiles, contact details, and various data entities associated with the website.
In our project, the employed database consists of multiple tables, each specifically
designed to accommodate distinct categories of data. These tables include "users,"
which stores user-related information, "species" for categorizing different animal
species, "stolen_missings" to track missing or stolen animals, "shelters" to record
details about pet shelters, "animals" to store comprehensive data about individual
animals, "products" for managing pet-related products, "pet_stores" to store
information about pet stores, "medicines" for managing pet medications, and
"pet_clinics" to record details about pet clinics. To enhance comprehension of the
database structure, a conceptual and physical Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram is
presented, illustrating the interrelationships and connections between the various
tables. This visual representation aids in understanding the organizational structure
of the database, facilitating efficient data management and retrieval. In the
following sections, each table will be discussed in detail, providing a
comprehensive overview of its purpose and functionality within the database
system. (miro online flowcharts, n.d.)

28
Figure 3.2: Physical ER Diagram

29
Figure 3.3: Conceptual ER Diagram
30
3.3.1.1 USERS
The presented table offers a comprehensive aggregation of individual user data
associated with the website. Of particular significance is the inclusion of a distinct
identifier, referred to as "id", which assumes the role of a primary key within this
table. Notably, this identifier possesses the potential to function as a foreign key in
interconnected tables, such as those labeled "species" and "stolen_missings". The
table encompasses various fields, including "id", "full_name", "email",
"phone_number", "email_verified_at", "password", "notes", "google_id",
"remember_token", "created_at", and "updated_at". Each field serves a specific
purpose within the context of the website's user data management. For instance,
"full_name" denotes the user's complete name, while "email" represents their
electronic mail address. Other fields such as "phone_number" capture the user's
contact information, and "notes" provide space for additional remarks or
annotations. Moreover, certain fields hold particular relevance for authentication
and system functionality. The field "email_verified_at" denotes the date and time
when the user's email address was verified, whereas "password" stores the securely
hashed representation of their login credentials. Additionally, the "google_id" field
facilitates integration with Google services, enabling users to authenticate through
their Google accounts. The "remember_token" field serves as a mechanism for
persisting user sessions, ensuring seamless access upon subsequent visits. The
"created_at" and "updated_at" fields capture timestamps corresponding to the
creation and modification of user records, respectively. These timestamps
contribute to data tracking and management processes within the website.

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Collectively, this table consolidates essential personal information pertaining to
each user, facilitating effective user management and authentication procedures
within the website's framework.

3.3.1.2 SPECIES
The presented tabular representation encompasses a comprehensive inventory of
pets or animals incorporated within the system. Each individual pet or animal is
assigned a unique identifier denoted as "id", which serves as the primary key
within this particular table. This identifier can also be utilized as a foreign key in
associated tables, such as "pet_stores", "stolen_missings", and "shelters". The
"user_id" attribute within this table functions as a foreign key, establishing a
reference to the "users" table. This table encompasses a set of fields including "id",
"species_name", "pet_name", "birth_date", "state", "images", "notes", "user_id",
"approval", "created_at", and "updated_at". These fields hold pertinent information
about each pet or animal, such as their species, given name, date of birth, current
state or condition, accompanying images, relevant notes, and the associated user
who possesses ownership or responsibility. Additionally, there are attributes
pertaining to the approval status of the pet, the creation timestamp, and the update
timestamp. By structuring and organizing the data within this table, the system
ensures efficient management and retrieval of information regarding the pets or
animals. The inclusion of primary and foreign keys establishes crucial relationships
between tables, facilitating accurate data linkage and seamless integration with
other related aspects of the system.

3.3.1.3 STOLEN_MISSINGS
The provided table presents crucial details pertaining to missing or stolen pets. It
encompasses various fields that contribute to the comprehensive representation of
this information. The "id" field serves as the primary key within the table, allowing

32
for the unique identification of each entry. Furthermore, this identifier can also
serve as a foreign key, establishing relationships with other related tables. Within
this table, the "user_id" and "specie_id" fields act as foreign keys, establishing
references to the "users" and "species" tables, respectively. These relationships
enable the association of each entry with specific users and species, enhancing the
relational integrity of the database. The table comprises several fields, namely "id",
"specie_id", "reward", "email", "phone_number", "Stolen_lost_date", "pet_case",
"description", "image", "user_id", "approval", "created_at", and "updated_at".
These fields collectively capture vital information related to the identification,
description, contact details, and status of the missing or stolen pets. By including
these fields within the table, a comprehensive and structured representation of the
missing or stolen pets dataset is achieved. This ensures efficient storage, retrieval,
and manipulation of the data, facilitating effective management and analysis of pet
loss and theft cases.

3.3.1.4 SHELTERS
The presented tabular representation provides essential data pertaining to the
shelters available within the system. It encompasses several fields that capture
pertinent information related to each shelter. The "id" field serves as the primary
key within this table, uniquely identifying each shelter entry. Moreover, the "id"
field can also serve as a foreign key in other interconnected tables, establishing
relationships and enabling data retrieval from associated entities. Additionally, the
"specie_id" field within this table functions as a foreign key, establishing a
reference to the "species" table. This relationship allows for the association of each
shelter with a specific species, facilitating efficient categorization and retrieval of
relevant data. The table structure includes a comprehensive set of fields, namely
"id", "name", "address", "location", "information", "video", "contact", "specie_id",

33
"created_at", and "updated_at". These fields encompass various attributes
associated with each shelter, such as its unique identifier, name, physical address,
geographical location, descriptive information, accompanying video content,
contact details, species association, and timestamps indicating the creation and
modification dates of the shelter entries. By organizing and presenting this data
within a structured table format, the system enables efficient storage, retrieval, and
management of shelter information, fostering effective utilization of the system's
resources and facilitating seamless interactions with the provided pet care services.

3.3.1.5 ANIMALS
The presented tabular representation encapsulates fundamental data concerning the
diverse categories of animals integrated into the system. It includes a key attribute
named "id", which serves as the primary identifier for this table. Furthermore, this
identifier can be utilized as a foreign key in interconnected tables, such as
"products" and "medicines," establishing referential integrity within the database.
The table comprises the following fields: "id" and "animal", each field providing
distinct information regarding the unique identification and classification of
animals within the system.

3.4.1.6 PRODUCTS
The presented table encompasses essential data pertaining to the products available
within the system and the corresponding stores responsible for their distribution. It
includes a unique identifier field, denoted as "id", which serves as the primary key
for this particular table. This identifier can also be employed as a foreign key in
interconnected tables, particularly the "pet_stores" table, facilitating the
establishment of relationships between the two. Furthermore, the "animal_id" field
within this table functions as a foreign key, creating a linkage to the "animals"
table. This association enables the identification and retrieval of specific animal-

34
related information relevant to the products listed in the table. The table itself
consists of various fields, namely "id", "name", "animal_id", "contents", "price",
"image", "store_name", "store_location", "created_at", and "updated_at". These
fields provide comprehensive details about each product, encompassing its unique
identifier, name, associated animal identifier, contents, price, image, store name,
store location, and timestamps indicating the creation and last update times. By
incorporating this table structure, the system effectively organizes and manages
information related to the products and their distribution across various stores. The
inclusion of key fields and their corresponding relationships ensures the integrity
and coherence of data within the broader context of the system's functionality.

3.4.1.7 PET_STORES
The provided table presents a comprehensive collection of pertinent data pertaining
to the pet stores showcased within the system. It encompasses various fields that
encompass crucial information necessary for effective management and
referencing of the pet stores' details. The primary key field, labeled as "id", serves
as a unique identifier within this table, facilitating the distinction and identification
of individual entries. Additionally, this identifier can be employed as a foreign key
in other interconnected tables, establishing relationships and enabling seamless
integration with related data. The "specie_id" field within this table functions as a
foreign key, establishing a reference to the "species" table. This relationship
enables the association of each pet store entry with a specific species, contributing
to the organization and classification of the data. The table is composed of multiple
fields, including "id", "name", "owner", "email", "phone_number", "address",
"location", "product_id", "specie_id", "created_at", and "updated_at". These fields
encompass crucial attributes necessary for comprehensively describing each pet
store, such as its unique identifier, name, owner details, contact information,

35
physical address, geographical location, associated products, associated species,
and timestamps indicating the creation and modification dates of each entry. By
presenting this table, a comprehensive overview of the pet stores within the system
is provided, offering a structured and informative representation of their essential
details. The inclusion of various fields and their corresponding functionalities
contributes to the comprehensive depiction and efficient management of the pet
store data.

3.4.1.8 MEDICINES
The presented table provides essential details concerning the medications available
in the system and the corresponding clinics responsible for their distribution. It
encompasses various fields that play significant roles in maintaining data integrity
and establishing relationships with other interconnected tables. The "id" field
serves as the primary key within this table, uniquely identifying each entry.
Additionally, it can function as a foreign key in related tables, such as the
"pet_clinics" table, facilitating the establishment of associations between entities.
Furthermore, the "animal_id" field within this table acts as a foreign key,
establishing a reference to the "animals" table. This linkage enables the
identification and retrieval of specific animal-related information. The table
comprises several informative fields, including "id", "name", "contents",
"animal_id", "price", "image", "clinic_name", "clinic_location", "created_at", and
"updated_at". Each field holds pertinent data, such as the medication's unique
identifier, name, composition, associated animal's identifier, price, image
representation, clinic name and location, as well as timestamps indicating the
record's creation and modification dates. This table serves as a crucial component
in capturing and organizing information related to available medications and the

36
relevant clinic details. Its well-defined structure and interconnected relationships
contribute to the efficient management and retrieval of data within the system.

3.4.1.9 PET_CLINICS
The provided table encompasses crucial information pertaining to the pet stores
incorporated within the system. It encompasses several essential fields that
contribute to the organization and integrity of the data. Firstly, the "id" field serves
as the primary key within this table, uniquely identifying each record. It plays a
fundamental role in maintaining data consistency and facilitating relational
connections with other interconnected tables. Moreover, the "medicine_id" field
within this table serves as a foreign key, establishing a relationship with the
"medicines" table. This linkage enables the association of specific medicines with
each pet store, facilitating the management and retrieval of relevant data. The table
encompasses additional fields such as "name", "email", "phone_number",
"address", "location", "veterinarian", "medicine_id", "created_at", and
"updated_at". These fields provide essential attributes associated with each pet
store, including their name, contact information, physical address, geographic
location, assigned veterinarian, associated medicine identifier, and timestamps
indicating the record's creation and modification dates. By incorporating these
fields into the table structure, the system can effectively store and organize
information related to pet stores, supporting various functionalities and ensuring
data integrity within the overall system architecture.

3.4 WEBSITE INTERFACE

This section presents the use case scenario for the proposed system when a user
visits the website without having previously registered. In such cases, the user is
restricted from accessing all the features incorporated into the website. To gain
access to these features, the user must proceed to the Register section of the

37
website and complete a form to create a free account, which will be discussed in
detail later. Once registered, the user can log in using their email and password.
Upon successful authentication, the user is granted unrestricted access to the
website and can explore and utilize all the available resources.

Start

Enter the website

Yes No
Have an account

Login Signup

Enter email and password Fill registration

form

Submit

No Email and Yes

password valid

Logged into the system

End

Figure 3.4: Login and Signup Flowchart

38
When a user registers in the system and intends to log in to the website, they are
assigned one of three distinct roles: Guest, User, or Admin. Each role encompasses
different capabilities and privileges within the website. The subsequent chapter
will provide a comprehensive analysis of each role, exploring their respective
functionalities in detail. Additionally, a login flowchart is presented below to
illustrate the sequential steps involved in the login process.

Pet Care Website

See and
read posts

Guest Create Admin

posts

Approve
or delete posts

User Manage posts,

stores, clinics, shelters

Figure 3.5: Roles

39
3.5 POST MECHANISM
Once users are registered on the website, they have the ability to create posts.
However, before these posts are made publicly available, they must undergo an
approval process by the administrator. The following flowchart illustrates the
sequential steps involved in this process.

Start

User

Fill the form

Submit

No Approved by Yes
Post discarded admin Post available publicly

End

Figure 3.6: Post Mechanism Flowchart

40
 CHAPTER FOUR
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter encompasses a collection of screenshots illustrating various
sections and features of the website. These screenshots serve to visually showcase
the diverse components and functionalities available within the website.

4.1 HOME PAGE

The home page encompasses five distinct sections, which will be comprehensively
discussed in subsequent sections. (99 designs, web page design, 2008)

4.1.1 IMAGE SLIDER

The home page incorporates an image slider, featuring a sequence of images
accompanied by descriptive captions. These captions elucidate the other available
pages within the website, thus enriching the user experience with visually engaging
elements. (bootstrap, carousel, 2011)

Figure 4.1: Home Page, Slide Show Section

41
4.1.2 PRODUCTS
This section of the home page follows the image slider and presents a collection of
diverse animal products that are available on the website.

Figure 4.2: Home Page, Products Section

4.1.3 LOST PETS
This section immediately follows the products section and serves as a gateway to
access the page dedicated to missing and stolen animals. On this page, users can
view the lost pets of other users and also have the option to post information about
their own lost pets if they have already registered within the system.

Figure 4.3: Home Page, Lost Pets Section

42
4.1.4 PET ADVICES
After the section regarding lost pets, the subsequent segment is dedicated to
providing advice. This section serves as a gateway to access the pet advices page,
where users can find valuable guidance and recommendations specifically tailored
for pet owners.

Figure 4.4: Home Page, Advices Section

4.1.5 USERS POSTS

Subsequent to the advices section, there exists a dedicated segment where
registered users have the opportunity to share pictures and information of their
cherished pets, allowing them to showcase their adorable companions to other
users. Users can initiate this process by selecting the "add your pet" button and
completing the provided form accordingly, the following image in the next
paragraph is a screenshot of the posts section in the home page.

43
 Figure 4.5: Home Page, Posts Section

4.2 LOGIN AND SIGNUP

By default, users can access the website without the requirement of creating an
account, and they will be classified as guests. As guests, their access to website
features is limited. To enable full access to all features, a dedicated signup page is
available where users can provide the necessary information and register
themselves. This registration process allows users to unlock additional
functionalities, the provided images showcase both login and signup page in the
following page.

44
Figure 4.6: Signup Page, Cropped

Figure 4.7: Login Page, Cropped

45
4.3 FORMS RELATED TO POSTS
Upon successful login, users are granted the ability to create posts by completing
the "‫ "زیادکردن‬form. Following approval by the administrator, users have the option
to edit their posts using the "‫ "گۆڕین‬form. Additionally, a detailed view of
their posts can be accessed through the "‫ "پیشاندان‬form. In summary, the website
offers three distinct forms dedicated to post-related functionalities. (Bootstrap,
Modals, 2011)

1. Add Information Form (‫)زیادکردن‬.

2. Edit Information Form (‫)گۆڕین‬.
3. Show Information Form (‫)پیشاندان‬.

To enhance comprehension, it is recommended to refer to the accompanying visual

aids provided in the subsequent pages.

Figure 4.8: Add Information Form

46
 Figure 4.9: Edit Information Form

Figure 4.10: Show Information Form

47
4.4 ADMIN APPROVAL PAGE
This page is exclusively accessible to the administrator through a designated tab in

the navbar labeled "‫ئەدم‬ ‫ی‬." This tab remains visible and accessible solely to
the admin, allowing them to navigate to the admin approval page. Within this page,
the admin holds the authority to approve or reject posts submitted by users. The
admin approval page is divided into two distinct sections, one dedicated to users
pet posts and the other to users lost pets posts.

Figure 4.11: Navbar, Admin Page Tab

Note: the remaining tabs in the navbar will be further elaborated on in subsequent
sections, providing a comprehensive overview of their functionalities and features.

Figure 4.12: Admin Page, Pet Posts

48
The aforementioned tab represents the section dedicated to users pet posts in the
admin page. Similarly, the users lost pet posts tab exhibits a similar design and
layout.

4.5 LOST PETS PAGE

This page encompasses essential information pertaining to lost pets, where users
have the capability to post details about their missing or stolen animals. (Free
Frontend, CSS designs, 2016)

Figure 4.13: Lost Pets Page

49
4.6 PET ADVICES PAGE
This page is specifically designed to provide pet advice for owners. (Free Frontend, CSS
designs, 2016)

Figure 4.14: Pet Advices Page

4.7 MAP PAGE

This page incorporates an embedded Google Map that displays the marked locations of pet
stores, clinics, and shelters available in Kurdistan.

Figure 4.15: Map Page

50
4.8 PRODUCTS PAGE
This page encompasses comprehensive information regarding various pet products,
including details about their contents, prices, and the corresponding stores or
clinics where they can be obtained. The products are categorized into four different
animal types: cats, dogs, birds, and poultries. Within each animal category, there
are three distinct subcategories: pet foods, equipment’s, and medicines. The
depicted image illustrates the cat food category, and it is worth noting that the
design remains consistent across all other categories. (Free Frontend, CSS designs,
2016)

Figure 4.16: Pet Products Page

4.9 PET SERVICE FACILITIES

The "‫ "شوێنەکان‬tab in the navbar, is a dropdown list featuring various pet service
facilities available in Kurdistan on the website, including pet stores, clinics, and
shelters.

Figure 4.17: Navbar, “Places” Tab, Cropped

51
4.9.1 PET STORES PAGE
This page displays the business cards of the pet stores featured on the website,
providing essential information about each store's contact details, location, and
owner. (CSS Tricks, 2007)

Figure 4.18: Pet Stores Page, Card Front

Figure 4.19: Pet Stores Page, Card Back

52
4.9.2 PET CLINICS PAGE
This page presents a digital business card for the pet clinics featured on the
website, offering essential information about each clinic's services, contact details,
veterinarian, and other pertinent details. (CSS Tricks, 2007)

Figure 4.20: Pet Clinics Page, Card Front

Figure 4.21: Pet Clinics Page, Card Back

53
4.9.3 PET SHELTERS PAGE
This page provides essential information about pet shelters in Kurdistan, including
their geographical locations and contact details and a short video of the place. It
serves as a comprehensive resource for users seeking information about available
pet shelters in the region.

Figure 4.22: Pet Shelters Page

54
4.10 ABOUT US PAGE
The "About Us" page serves as a comprehensive introduction to the talented
individuals who have actively participated in the development and realization of
this project. It functions as a platform to present detailed background information
pertaining to each team member, elucidating their respective roles and notable
contributions within the project's execution. By highlighting the expertise and
diverse skill sets possessed by the team members, this section aims to foster a
contextual understanding of the project's creators and their valuable involvement.
In order to provide an immersive and visually enhanced experience, a meticulously
captured screenshot depicting the dynamic "About" page layout will be presented
in the subsequent page. This screenshot will serve as a visual representation,
offering a glimpse into the meticulously designed user interface and layout that
complements the comprehensive information and insights provided about the
project team members. (CSS Tricks, 2007)

55
Figure 4.23: About Us Page
56
4.11 FOOTER
The following image represents the footer section of the website.

Figure 4.24: Footer

57
 CHAPTER FIVE
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

5.1 CONCLUSION
This final year project aimed to address the lack of a comprehensive system
for providing information about pets and their owners in Kurdistan and Iraq, where
the population of pet owners is rapidly increasing. The main findings of this study
highlight the significance and benefits of implementing a web-based system to
serve as a centralized database for pets and their owners. By developing this
system, we have successfully achieved the objectives set forth in this study. In
summary, this project has successfully developed a web-based system that fulfills
the objectives of providing comprehensive pet information, promoting responsible
pet ownership, assisting in cases of missing animals, and addressing the growing
issue of stray animals. The implementation of this system has the potential to
improve the overall welfare of pets, strengthen the bond between owners and their
companions, and contribute to the development of a more compassionate and
informed society in Kurdistan and Iraq.

5.2 FUTURE WORK

Based on the objectives of the study, several future works can be proposed to
further enhance the web-based project and address the needs of the target users.
These future works include:

1. Designing a Mobile Application: To cater to the increasing preference for

mobile applications, the project should consider developing a dedicated mobile
application alongside the web-based platform. The application should provide a
user-friendly interface, enabling users to access the system's features easily on
their mobile devices.

58
2. Expanding Language Options: In order to reach a broader audience, it is
important to incorporate additional languages into the system. By adding
languages other than Kurdish, the project can extend its usability to non-
Kurdish speakers, making it more inclusive and accessible.
3. Adding More Pet Services: To meet the evolving needs of pet owners, the
project should consider expanding its range of services. This can include
incorporating pet grooming services, veterinary care information, pet training
resources, and other related services that can help users take better care of their
pets.
4. Enhancing Current Services, Design, and Features: Continuous improvement of
the existing services, design, and features is crucial for user satisfaction and
engagement. Conducting user feedback surveys, analyzing user behavior, and
actively implementing updates and improvements based on the findings will
contribute to the ongoing development and success of the project.
5. Establishing Partnerships with Pet Stores and Clinics: To generate revenue and
offer additional benefits to users, the project can form partnerships with pet
stores and clinics. This can involve featuring their products or services on the
platform and receiving a commission for each successful transaction facilitated
through the system.
6. Educating Users with Limited Experience: To ensure that users with limited
experience in using mobile applications or websites can benefit from the
platform, it is important to provide user tutorials, guides, and support.
Conducting workshops or training sessions can help users understand the
features and functionalities of the platform, making it more user-friendly and
accessible.

59
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