Antibiotic

Resistance
Presented by MediHelp App
 Introduction
Antibiotic resistance, an escalating threat to
modern medicine, is driven by
microorganisms adapting to withstand these
life-saving drugs. Here, we summarize the
affected antibiotics and the mechanisms
behind resistance.
Commonly Affected Antibiotics
1. Penicillins: Resistance 2.
often arises from beta-
lactamase enzyme
production.
3. Cephalosporins: Similar 4.
to penicillins, resistance
can involve beta-
lactamase enzymes.
Tetracyclines: Resistance
results from efflux pumps
expelling the antibiotic
from bacteria.
Macrolides: Bacteria
employ target site
modification or efflux
pumps for resistance.
Commonly Affected Antibiotics
5. Fluoroquinolones:

7.
Resistance occurs due to
mutations in bacterial DNA Sulfonamides and
gyrase or topoisomerase. Trimethoprim: Resistance
develops through target
6. Aminoglycosides: binding prevention due to
Resistance involves the gene mutations.
modification of
inactivating enzymes.
 Mechanisms of Resistance
1. Enzymatic 2.
Degradation: Bacteria
produce enzymes,
such as beta-
lactamases, that
inactivate antibiotics.
Target
Modification:
Bacteria alter the
antibiotic's target
structure, reducing
its efficacy.
 Mechanisms of Resistance
3. Efflux Pumps: 4. Mutation of Target:
Proteins pump Mutations reduce
antibiotics out of the antibiotic's
bacterial cells before binding affinity to
they can act.
the target.
Mechanisms of Resistance
5. Biofilm Formation:
Bacteria in biofilms
become resistant
due to the biofilm's
protective nature.
Consequences of Antibiotic
Resistance
Infections once treatable become
life-threatening, leading to prolonged
illnesses, higher mortality rates, and
risks to surgical and cancer
treatments relying on infection
prevention.
Global Efforts to Combat Resistance:
- Antibiotic Stewardship: Promote
responsible antibiotic use to reduce overuse
and misuse.

- Development of New Antibiotics: Invest in

research for new antibiotics to stay ahead
of resistance.
Global Efforts to Combat Resistance:
- Public Education: Raise awareness about
the dangers of resistance and the
importance of completing antibiotic
regimens.
- Vaccination: Prevent infections through
vaccination, reducing the need for
antibiotics.
 Conclusion
In conclusion, antibiotic resistance is a
pressing global health crisis.
Understanding which antibiotics are
affected and the resistance mechanisms is
crucial in preserving these invaluable
drugs.
Thank
You
www.medihelpapp.com