Modeling and Controlling Self -Tuning Fuzzy PID

Speed Control of a Fan for Vegetable Preservation

Dawit Ashagrie (February 2024)
Abstract— Providing a comfortable temperature and humidity keep healthy and reduce the risk of getting major diseases, as
condition in vegetable and fruit preservation room is an well as helping you stay younger for longer, one main issue
extremely important problem. People need to control the speed of related adequate storage for extending shelf life from farm to
fan to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetable for a few hours end user, since it's so perishable.
or up to several months, depending on the type of produce and
When it comes to keeping fruits and vegetable, you can
the storage conditions. This is directly related to the design of the
fast reacted controller. First, the Mathematical modeling and
store them for a few hours or up to several months, depending
characterizing DC motor will be done. Due to the non-linear on the type of produce and the storage conditions. It's a great
dynamic model property of the DC motor, a self-tuning PID way to make the season last longer, wait to sell them until
controller based on fuzzy logic will develop. Next, a brief prices go up, provide a consistent quantity for buyers, or reduce
description on the fuzzy logic control theory will be presented. how often people buy them. Produce needs to stay fresh to get
Then, using a fuzzy logic method, the rule foundation and from harvest to the table.
membership function will be developed for fine-tuning PID
controller parameters. The MATLAB/Simulink software suite
will then be used to carry out the simulation using the suggested
controller. To speed up the simulation time, the solver settings
under the model configurations parameter will be set to fixed
step. To demonstrate the benefits of the suggested controller over
the traditional speed controller, simulation and experimental
tests will be conducted under various conditions.
Index Terms—DC motor, fuzzy logic, Mathematical modeling,
MATLAB/Simulink software, self-tuning PID controller,
Vegetable and fruit preservation
I. Introduction
t's essential to eat fruit and vegetables because they're packed
I with vitamins and minerals essential for your body to
function properly. They also contain fiber, phytochemicals and
antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E. The Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) say that eating more fruit and Fig. 1. farmer forced to sell their vegetable at low price
vegetable is associated with lower cholesterol levels and it The shelf life during storage is based on the quality, the
could help with weight management and reduce your risk of stability, the external conditions, and the way it's handled. To
cancer[1]. extend shelf life, you need to keep it at the optimum
Ethiopia is one of the top five nations in Sub-Saharan temperature, humidity, and environment[3]. Proper cooling
Africa with the greatest percentage of children (69%) who preserves vegetable and fruit quality by: inhibiting the growth
consume no fruits or vegetables. Inadequate consumption of of decay-producing microorganisms, restricting enzymatic and
fruits and vegetables raises the risk of non-communicable respiratory activity, inhibiting water loss; and reducing
diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and ethylene production. People need to control the speed of fan to
metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus in addition to the extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetable. in primitive, this is
short-term effects of micronutrient shortages and diseases. done manually, with no way of changing the temperature or
Furthermore, research research indicates that eating fruits and speed of the fan. During the day and winter, the temperature
vegetables can improve mental and cognitive health and reduce rises and at night and summer it falls, so users don't really
the development of cataracts, coronary heart disease, stroke, understand the differences in temperature and it tedious to
diverticulosis, cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary control manually[4].
disease[2].
All these benefits make fruits and vegetable a great way to

The paper will submit for review on 19 February 2014. This investigation Dawit Ashagrie is a MSc student at the Faculty of Mechanical and Industrial
is held for accomplishing dissertation at Bahir Dar university. Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of technology department of Electro
mechanical engineering, Ethiopia (e-mail: dawitashagrie12@gmail.com)
 TABLE 1 tuning fuzzy PID control are covered in Chapter 2. In Chapter
SHELF LIFE AND COMPATIBILITY INFORMATION OF FRESH
3, a method for modeling and controlling a self-tunning fuzzy
VEGETABLES
PID controller for a vegetable preservation room is covered.
Vegetable Temperature(°C) Relative Shelf
The expected outcome of real-time experimentation and
humidity life
system performance evaluation is covered in Chapter 4.
(%) (weeks)
II. Theoretical Background and Problem
Carrot 0-2 95 2-3
Formulation
Potatoes(white) 5-10 90 8-20
Conventional PID control method cannot make
Potatoes(sweet) 12-16 85-90 16-24 temperature and humidity control process have satisfied
dynamic process and steady state[13]. In order to solve the
Tomato(ripe) 7-10 85-90 4-7 days problem, adaptive fuzzy PID control method is will develop
based on the modeling, simulation and experimental setup of
Tomato(green) 12-20 85-90 1-3 the preservation, the method can modify the PID parameters
on line and meet the requirement of controller parameters such
Apples 13–18 85-90 12-32 as Proportional gain (Kp), Integral gain (Ki), and Derivative
gain (Kd) according to speed error (e) and the derivative of
Avocado 4.4-12.5 85-90 1-3 speed error (de/dt)[14], [9], [15], [16], [17].
The designing a new self-tuning Fuzzy PID speed
Mango 12 85-90 8-12 controller, which combines the advantages of fuzzy control and
Information compiled from[5]. PID control to adjust the temperature and humidity of room to
achieve the desired temperature and humidity for vegetable
postharvest fruit and vegetable loss is a significant problem
preservation[18], [19], [20], [21].
in Ethiopia because of a combination of environmental and
human reasons, both the nation's economy and the people's
ability to support themselves are severely hampered by this. In
terms of high return per unit of time and area, fruits and
vegetables are typically fairly profitable; however, a large
amount of post-harvest waste offsets this benefit.
Ensuring food security is one of Ethiopia's biggest problems
right now because of the country's growing population and
increased food consumption. There are significant postharvest
food losses despite the nation's far lower production than
demand, primarily as a result of inadequate food processing,
preservation, and storage facilities[6]. Fig. 2. Block diagram of self-tuning fuzzy PID controller
The study states in Ethiopia the postharvest loss of perishable The proposed system basically consists of pads, an
horticulture commodities like fruit and vegetable wastes Arduino Uno, a temperature and humidity sensor, a water
between 30 and 40 percent of supply[3]. pump, and a centrifugal fan.
Ethiopia uses antiquated storage methods and equipment
that perform appallingly in terms of upholding the necessary
standard of storage quality. Most farmers store fruit and
vegetable at their homestead without refrigeration before
bringing them to the markets. Fruits are kept at trading without
being refrigerated[7]. For instance, the Gondar town survey
revealed that just 31.1percent of the stores kept rotten and
physically damaged fruits apart from healthy ones[8]. In
general, the lack of suitable storage conditions in the nation has
presented farmers with major difficulties when it comes to
storing fruits and vegetables.
The temperature and humidity control system can be used
with a variety of strategies, including fuzzy logic (FL), genetic Fig. 3. schematic view of evaporative cooling system
algorithms (GA), artificial intelligence (AI), Proportional- The figure compiled from[22]
Integral-Derivative (PID), Proportional-Derivative (PD), Pads offer the necessary surface area for the evaporation
Proportional-Integral (PI), and fuzzy self-tuning PID. of water. The water pump delivers water from the reservoir to
Although there is no denying the usefulness of modern tactics the cooling pads, while the fan pulls hot air from the outside
like GA and AI, putting them into practice is extremely and forces it through those pads. Through the cooler's
difficult and expensive. The Self-tuning Fuzzy PID controller sidewalls, air is drawn into the cooling chamber. The sides are
algorithm is the most user-friendly and highly effective of covered with porous pads. For the central controlling system,
these strategies[9], [10], [9], [11], [12]. Arduino is utilized. The Arduino microcontroller receives
The following is an additional framework for the paper. information from the temperature and humidity sensor, which
The theoretical background and problem formation for self- measures the preservation room's temperature and humidity as
well as the cooling pad's outlet. The microcontroller then
automatically decides what to do after comparing the sensor
read value with the setpoint[23].
Newly developed techniques make it easier to design and
implement fuzzy controllers by balancing real-time restrictions
relating to fault resistance, quick response, low computational
burden, and robustness with system stability[11], [24], [9],
[25], [21].
III. Method for Modeling and Controlling a self-tunning
Fuzzy PID Controller for a Vegetable Preservation Room
DC motors are widely utilized in a variety of applications,
due to its great dependability, affordability, ease of speed and
position control, low energy consumption, and compatibility
with digital systems[26]. Modeling and characterizing DC
motor will be executed[19], [27], [11], [24], [28]. Due to the
non-linear dynamic model property of the DC motor, a self-
tuning PID controller based on fuzzy logic will develop. Next,
a brief description on the fuzzy logic control theory will be
presented. Then, using a fuzzy logic method, the rule
foundation and membership function will be developed for
fine-tuning PID control parameters [29], [30], [31].
The MATLAB/Simulink software suite will then be used
to carry out the simulation using the suggested controller. To
speed up the simulation time, the solver settings under the
model configurations parameter will be set to fixed step[32],
[25], [33]. To demonstrate the benefits of the suggested
controller over the traditional speed controller, simulation and
experimental tests will be conducted under various conditions.
IV. A Real Time Experimentation and Assessment of System
Performance
The plan of the experiments to be carried out on the
vegetable preservation system is as follows. The temperature
and humidity control designed and investigated are:
➢ a simulated system with conventional fuzzy logic
control
➢ a simulated system with self-tunning fuzzy PID
➢ the real time system with supervisory fuzzy logic
control with corrected gains from self-tuning PID
V. Conclusion
As a result, this work can offer self-tuning fuzzy PID
(Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller for vegetable
preservation lies in its ability to adapt and optimize control
parameters in real-time based on the changing conditions of the
vegetable preservation process, it Play a major role in
conveniently storing fruits and vegetables to reduce post-
harvest loss, spoilage and loss of nutrients to validate food
security and sustain economic growth.
The simulated system with self-tunning fuzzy PID will
achieves good dynamic behavior of the DC motor, perfect
speed tracking with short rise and settling times, zero
overshoot, and null steady-state error, thus providing better
performance compared a simulated system with conventional
fuzzy logic control.
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