ACES REVIEW CENTER

April 2024
Electrical Power Systems
Prepared by: Engr. David DC. Flores

Symmetrical Components
1. *Evaluate 1+A2 + A4
a. 1 +j1.1732 b. 1.5 –j0.866 c. 0 d. 1-j1.1732
2. *The phase sequence components of phase b currents are: Zero sequence component = 0.47 +
j1.49; Positive sequence component = 18.4 cis -31.6 ° A; Negative sequence component = 3.23
cis 168.2 ° A Determine line current Ib.
a. 17.9720 cis -144.91 c. 14.9864cis -30
b. b. 22.51cis 82 d. 55.504cis 114
3. *The phase currents in a wye connected, unbalanced load are: Ia = 44-j33; Ib = -(32+j24); Ic = (-
40 + j25). Obtain the positive sequence component of line current Ib.
a. 14.17cis-131.2 c. 18.37cis-47
b. b. 41.76cis-132.2 d. 19.05cis-60
4. *The symmetrical components for the set of unbalanced three-phase currents are:
Ib = 3∠ − 30°, Ia1 = 5∠90°, Ia2 = 4∠30°. Find the current at line c.
a. 𝟕. 𝟗𝟑𝟕𝟑∠ − 𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟏𝟎𝟕° b. 8.185∠ − 102.216° c. 4∠ − 30° d. 4∠ − 120°
5. *In a three-phase balanced delta connected load with one line open, line A has 20 A. Assume line
A is the reference and the line c is open. What should be the positive sequence of line a?
a. 0 A b. 10 – j5.77 A c. 10 + j5.77 A d. 30+j17.32 A
6. The phase currents in a wye connected unbalanced load are Ia=44-j33, Ib=-32-j24 and Ic=40+j25
A. What is positive sequence current for phase A?
a. -28-j21 A b. 40.8+j8.9 A c. 28-j31 A d. 40.8-j8.9 A
7. Given the following sets of per unit symmetrical component of phase A currents, determine the
phase C current: Ia0=1.0 cis 75 deg, Ia1= 1.0 cis 15 deg., Ia2= 1.0 cis(-45deg)
a. 0.259 + j0.966 p.u. c. 0.516 +j1.931 p.u.
b. 1.932+j0.518 p.u. d. -1.414 + j1.414 p.u.
8. Given the following phase currents, Ia=3.5+j3.5, Ib=0-j3 and Ic=-2.6+j1.6. Determine the negative
sequence current for phase A.
a. 0.33 + j0.678 c. 0.424+j0.571
b. -0.333-j0.678 d. -0.333+j0.678
9. The symmetrical components for the set of unbalanced three-phase currents are: Ia0 = 3∠ −
30°, Ia1 = 5∠90°, Ia2 = 4∠30°. Find the current at line b.
a. 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒𝟗𝟓∠ − 𝟕. 𝟖𝟗𝟒° b. 8.185∠ − 102.216° c. 4∠ − 30° d. 4∠ − 120°

Per Unit Analysis

1. *In a certain circuit analyses, the bases chosen are: 69 kV and 100 MVA, what is the Impedance base?
a. 47.61 ohms b. 7.5 ohms c. 23.8 ohms d. 5 ohms
2. *The impedance of a line is 5% on 115 kV and 100 MVA bases. What shall be at 120 kV and 10,000 kVA
bases?
a. 1.2% b. 0.46% c. 0.32% d. 0.72%

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 3. *A 345 KV transmission line has a series impedance of (4+j60) ohms and a shunt admittance of j2 x 10-3S.
Using a 100 MVA and the line voltage as the base values, calculate the per unit admittance of this line.
a. j2.38 b. j1.25 c. j3.36 d. j5.04
4. *From problem no. 3, what is the new impedance value in per unit.
a. 0.0057+j0.01 b. 0.01+j0.0059 c. 0.0034+j0.05 d. 0.05+j0.0034
5. *A three-phase load of 1+j2 ohms per phase is connected through a 4.16KV transmission line with a value
of 5+j2 ohms. The combination was connected to a substation transformer having a value of 13.2KV/4.16KV,
50 MVA with %X of 10 and was energized to a source of ratings 13.2KV, 100MVA, %X of 10. Find the value
of the load current in amperes.
a. 192 b. 332 c. 996 d. 550
6. *A simple power system composed of a generator, an ideal transformer (T1) 1:10, transmission line of
impedance 30+j210 ohms, transformer (T2) 20:1 three-phase load of impedance 7.07+j7.07 ohm per phase
at line voltage of 460 volts. Bases are 10 MVA, 460 V. What is the generator voltage in per unit?
a. 1.043 b. 1.086 c. 1.043 d. 1.019
7. A 50 MVA, 33 kV/11kV, three phase, wye-delta, connected transformer has a 3% impedance. What is the %
impedance at 100 MVA and 34.5 kV bases?
a. 1.639% b. 5.49% c. 5.74% d. 6.56%
8. The impedance of a transmission line is 30 Ω. What is the per unit impedance of 115 kV and 100 MVA
bases?
a. 0.18 p.u. b. 0.03 p.u. c. 0.18 p.u. d. 0.22 p.u.

Fault Calculations
1. *The available fault duty of a certain point of electrical system is 950 MVA at 230 kV. The Thevenin’s
equivalent impedance is 2.63%, what is the available fault current?
a. 91 kA b. 72 kA c. 65 kA d. 80 kA
2. *At a certain point of a power system network, the positive, negative and zero sequence impedances are
0.25 pu, 0.25 pu and 0.3 pu respectively. The base MVA is 100. The voltage level at that point is 34.5 KV.
Determine the single to ground fault if the system is solidly grounded.
a. 6693.92 A b. 2091.85 A c. 6275 A d. 5797.10 A
3. *A 3 phase 11 KV, 30 MVA turbo alternator has positive equal to negative reactance of 0.15 per unit and
zero sequence reactance of 0.02 per unit. Calculate the positive sequence component of line current Ia for
a line to line fault.
a. 10500 A b. 14700 A c. 5250 A d. 9100 A
4. *In reference to problem 3, calculate the double line to ground fault.
a. 24861 A b. 9091 A c. 10497 A d. 3030 A
5. *A 3 MVA, 34.5/13.8KV, 3 phase transformer has 5.75% impedance. It is operating without load at rated
voltage when a 3-phase fault occurs at the secondary terminals. Assuming the primary is connected to an
infinite bus, find the fault current in amperes.
a. 2183 b. 2475 c. 2685 d. 2812
6. *A 5MVA, 34.5/13.8KV, 3phase, %X=6 is connected to the utility’s 34.5KV 3 phase transmission line with
3phase short circuit capacity of 1000 MVA. The transformer is operating without a load at rated voltage when
a three fault occurs on the secondary terminals. Find the fault current in amperes. Neglect the resistances.
a. 3725 b. 3218 c. 4612 d. 2992

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 7. *An interconnected generator-reactor system is given as shown. The base values for the given percent
reactances are the ratings of the individual pieces of equipment. A three-phase short-circuit occurs at point
F. Determine the fault current and the fault MVA if the busbar line-to-line voltage is 11 kV
a. 10,668 A, 203.25 MVA c. 15,916 A, 303.25 MVA
b. 11,668 A, 303.25 MVA d. 11,668 A, 203.25 MVA

8. *A single line-to-ground fault occurs at F in the given system below. Determine the magnitude of the fault
current, assuming that the generator is supplying at rated values.
a. 4472 A b. 4792 A c. 5792 A d. 5293 A

9. A portion of a power system is given below, which also shows the ratings of the generators and the
transformer and their respective percent reactances. A symmetrical short circuit appears on a feeder at F.
Find the value of the reactance X such that the short-circuit MVA does not exceed 300 MVA.
a. 20 p.u. b. 30 p.u. c. 40 p.u. d. 50 p.u.

10. A Generator rated 500 MVA, 20 kV has an impedance of 0.20 per unit. If the generator is supplying 425 kW
load at 20 kV, unity power factor and a fault occurs at the load. What will be the per unit value of the fault
current with respect to the bases, 500 MVA and 20kV.
a. 4.0 b. 3.0 c. 2.0 d. 5.0
11. Behind a certain point in a system network the equivalent Thevenin’s impedance is 0.2 p.u. at 100 MVA
base. A 115 kV/34.5 kV, 10 MVA transformer of 5% impedance is tapped at this point. If a three-phase fault
should occur at the secondary of the transformer, what is the maximum fault current?
a. 2390 A b. 6692 A c. 820 A d. 1590 A

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 12. The transformer to serve a customer is rated 5MVA, 13.8 KV/480 V and its impedance is 5%. The cable
connecting the breaker to the transformer has an impedance of 0.032 ohm per phase. What is the fault
current if a three-phase fault occurs at the breaker?
a. 7 kA b. 5 kA c. 8 kA d. 3 kA

Power System Economic Operation

1. *Determine the optimal output power of the two generators to provide the most economical dispatch if the
demand power is at 50 MW, given the cost the following cost function: F1 = 5P1 + 0.01 P12 Php/MWhr and
F2 = 2P2 + 0.04P22 Php/MWhr
a. P1 = 40 MW, P2 = 10 MW c. P1 = 30 MW, P2 = 20 MW
b. P1 = 20 MW, P2 = 30 MW d. P1 = 10 MW, P2 = 40 MW
2. *Relative to problem no.1, compute for the new output power of the generators if the limits for each
generator is P1 ≤ 30 MW and P2 ≤ 35MW
a. P1 = 30 MW, P2 = 20 MW c. P1 = 25 MW, P2 = 25 MW
b. P1 = 15 MW, P2 = 35 MW d. P1 = 20 MW, P2 = 30 MW
3. *Determine the power generated at each power plant if the system operates at 𝜆 = $11.6 /𝑀𝑊ℎ with the
following incremental cost function,
𝑑𝐹1 𝑑𝐹2
= 0.01𝑃1 + 10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 0.02𝑃2 + 10
𝑑𝑃1 𝑑𝑃2
a. 160 MW ; 80 MW b. 150 MW ; 90 MW c. 160 MW; 90 MW d. 150 MW ; 80 MW
4. Determine the power generated at each power plant if it supplies a total of 1000 MW load with the following
incremental cost function,
𝑑𝐹1 𝑑𝐹2
= 0.08𝑃1 + 8 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 0.02𝑃2 + 6
𝑑𝑃1 𝑑𝑃2
a. P1 = 411.76 MW, P2 = 588.24 MW c. P1 = 355 MW, P2 = 645 MW
b. P1 = 311.76 MW, P2 = 688.24 MW d. P1 = 400 MW, P2 = 600 MW

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