Power System Protection Dr.Prf.

Mohammed Tawfeeq

Tutorial Sheet No.3

1.. The circuit shown in Fig.1 below has a line – to line fault with 10 kA going
out B line and back on line C. Choose the current through line B to be as the reference
line, calculate the currents through phase relays (OC) and earth fault relay (EF).

Fig.1

2.An overcurrent relay set to operate at 8A is connected to a multi ratio current

transformer (whose excitation curve is given in Figure 2 below) with CT ratio
=100:5, Zs = 0.082 Ω and ZB = 0.8 Ω. The core area is 2.8x10-3 m2 and f= 50 Hz.
(a) Will the relay detect a 200A fault current on the primary side?
(b) Determine whether or not the CT will saturate.
(c ) Compute the percentage CT error.

Figure 2. Excitation curve for a multiratio bushing current transformer.

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3. The circuit of Fig.3 has 600:5 class C100 CTs. The full-load current is balanced
475A per phase.
(a) Determine the phase and residual relay currents for the full-load condition.
(b) The circuit has an A phase to ground fault on the line, with fault current
magnitude of 9000A .Find the phase and residual relay currents .Assume
phase A is the reference phase.
(c) The circuit has a two –phase fault with 5000A going out B phase and back in
on C phase .Choose B phase current to be 0˚ ,calculate the phase and residual
relay currents .
(d) Find the phase and residual relay currents if the circuit has a three-phase fault
with 8000A per phase.
(e) Calculate the CT voltage for part d (three- phase fault ) if the phase relay
burden ZB =1.2Ω , CT resistance Zs =0.3 Ω and residual relay burden ZR = 1.8
Ω . Neglect CT saturation and lead wire resistance.

Fig.3

4. A CT with an excitation curve given in Figure 4 has a rated current ratio of 500:5 A
and a secondary leakage impedance of 0.1 +j0.5 Ω. Calculate the CT secondary
output current and the CT error for the following cases (a) The impedance of the
terminating device is 4.9 + j0.5 Ω and the primary CT load current is 400 A. (b) The
impedance of the terminating device is 4.9 + j0.5 Ω and the primary CT fault current
is 1200 A. (c) The impedance of the terminating device is 14.9 +jl.5 Ω and the
primary CT load current is 400 A. (d) The impedance of the terminating device is
14.9 + jl .5 Ω and the primary CT fault current is 1200 A .

Fig.4

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5. Given the open-delta VT connection shown in Figure 5, both VTs having a voltage
rating of 240 kV: 120 V, the voltages are specified as VAB. = 230 ⁄0˚ , VBC = 230
/ -120˚ and VAC = 230 / 120˚ kV . Determine Vab , Vbc and Vca for the following
cases: (a) The dots are shown in Figure 5. (b) The dot near c is moved to b in
Figure 5.

Fig.5

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 Power System Protection Tutorial -3
Typical problem solution

Question-1

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Question-2

5
Question-3

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Question-3(cont.)

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Question-4