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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
DIVISION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES
Transportation Laboratory
5900 Folsom Boulevard
Sacramento, California 95819-4612
CAUTION: Prior to handling test materials, performing equipment setups, and/or conducting
this method, testers are required to read “SAFETY AND HEALTH” in Section I of
this method. It is the responsibility of the user of this method to consult and use
departmental safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations before any testing is performed.
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small sand equivalent test sample, testing unless they have been
the following procedure should be stored in moisture-proof
followed: containers.
3. Dry the prepared test specimen to b. Release air bubbles and promote
constant mass at 230˚ ± 9˚F and cool thorough wetting by bumping the
to room temperature. base of the cylinder against a
firm object while the test
a. When testing reclaimed specimen is being poured into the
aggregates containing traces of cylinder or by tapping the
asphalt or asphalt concrete, the cylinder sharply on the heel of
oven-drying temperature shall the hand several times after the
not exceed 100˚F. test specimen has been poured
in.
b. Aggregates, which are sampled
immediately after being dried in c. Allow the wetted material to
an asphalt plant drier may be stand undisturbed for 10 ± 1 min.
tested without additional drying
provided they are not exposed to 4. Immediately following the 10 min
dampness prior to testing. wetting period, agitate the test
Aggregates that are not tested on specimen to break up clay lumps
the same day they are sampled and remove coatings.
shall be oven-dried prior to
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a. At the end of the 10 min soaking (f) The center of the stroke
period, stopper the cylinder, then limit marker is positioned
loosen the material from the to provide the proper
bottom by shaking the cylinder stroke length and its
while holding it in a partially width indicates the
inverted position. Shake the maximum allowable limits
cylinder just enough to loosen of variation. Proper
the material. Excessive agitation shaking action is
may affect the test results. accomplished only when
the tip of the pointer
b. Secure the cylinder in one of the reverses direction within
specified shakers and agitate the marker limits.
according to (1) or (2) below:
(g) Continue the shaking
(1) Mechanical Shaker Method action for 100 strokes.
(a) Set the timer and allow c. At the end of the shaking period
the machine to operate for remove the cylinder from the
45 ± 1 s. shaker, and set it upright on the
workbench.
(2) Manual Shaker Method
5. Immediately irrigate the test
(a) Set the stroke counter to specimen with working calcium
zero. chloride solution to flush the clay-
size particles from the sand.
(b) Stand directly in front of
the shaker and place the a. Insert the irrigator tube in the
right hand against the cylinder, start the flow of working
upper portion of the right calcium chloride solution, and
hand spring steel strap rinse the material from the side
(see Figure 6). of the cylinder as the irrigator is
lowered.
(c) Use the fingers and wrist
to apply enough force to b. With the cylinder remaining in an
push the carriage to the upright position and the solution
left until the pointer lines flowing from the tip of the
up with the stroke limit irrigator, apply a twisting action
marker painted on the to the irrigator and force it to the
backboard. bottom of the cylinder (see
Figure 7). The flow of solution
(d) Allow the spring action of will flush the clay-size particles
the straps to move the upward and into suspension.
carriage in the opposite Withdraw the irrigator from the
direction without sample as necessary to change
assistance or hindrance to position and again force it to the
complete the cycle. bottom. The most effective
technique for penetrating the test
(e) Once the shaker is in sample with the irrigator is to
motion, maintain a hold the irrigator between the
smooth oscillating motion palms of both hands and rotate it
by gently applying by rubbing the hands back and
pressure to the right hand forth while applying a downward
strap during the thrust pressure.
portion of each cycle.
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California Test 217
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a. At the end of the 20 min period, c. Read the level of the top edge of
read and record the level of the the indicator (see Figure 8).
top of the sediment column. This
is the clay reading (see Figure 8). d. Subtract 10 inches from the
b. When the clay reading falls observed reading. This is the
between 0.1 inch graduations, sand reading.
record the level of the higher e. When the sand reading falls
graduation. between 0.1 inch graduations,
record the level of the higher
c. If a clearly defined line of graduation.
demarcation does not form
between the sediment and the G. CALCULATIONS AND REPORTING
liquid above it in the specified
20 min period, allow the cylinder 1. Calculate the sand equivalent to the
to stand undisturbed until the nearest 0.1 using the following
clear line of demarcation does formula:
form. Then immediately read and
record the time and height of the SE = (Sand reading/Clay reading) x 100
column. If tap water was used,
retest an untested portion of the 2. If the calculated sand equivalent is
sample using distilled or not a whole number, report it as the
deionized water. next higher whole number.
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FIGURE 2
FIGURE 1
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FIGURE 3
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FIGURE 4
FIGURE 5
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FIGURE 6
FIGURE 7 FIGURE 8
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