The force exerted on an object under acceleration is called G-force.

Pilots and

passengers feel a momentary rise in weight because of the plane accelerating and

decelerating. For example, if you weigh 80kgs and you experience 3Gs of G-force, your

weight will be 240kg temporarily. While experiencing G-forces is safe and predictable,

there are still limits on how long we can take G-forces, a trained pilot (especially fighter

pilots and F1 drivers) has high tolerance while an untrained person like passengers has

lower limits. The tolerance to G-forces varies from individual to individual, what age and

how physically active the person is. During flying, increasing G-forces primarily

damages our circulatory system. Because of gravity, an upright person's blood pressure

is highest in the legs and lowest in the head. Higher G-force levels cause particular

issues with the regulation of the circulatory system. The most significant effect of G-

forces is related to insufficient blood flow, and because of the sensitivity of the eye's

retina to hypoxia, symptoms are usually felt visually. One of the most feared by pilots

and passengers to experience is G-LOC. We experience G-LOC when excessive G-

forces cause a temporary loss of blood flow to the brain. This can be particularly

dangerous for pilots because it can lead to a loss of control of the aircraft.

References:

Go Flight Medicine. (2013, April 5). Pulling G's.

https://goflightmedicine.com/2013/04/05/pulling-gs/

Clery, L. (n.d.). What is G Force in a Plane?

https://lauraclery.com/what-is-g-force-in-a-plane/