Political Science Geopolitics – pagsusuri sa isang teritoryo.

 a democratic policies and law and order. Philippines is an archipelagic country.

 Deals with the foundations of the state and the
3 Scopes of Political Science
principles of the government.
 Political Theory
Basic Concepts of Political Science
 Quality – equal
 Power  Equity – fair and conventional
 Authority – yung kailangan lang
 Legitimacy nila
 Unskilled Labor – janitor, construction
Inter-relationship of Political Science
worker, utility
 History – undergraduate or
 Economics uneducated
 The higher the demand, the lower the  Public Law
supply  Constitution 1987
 If Gross Domestic Product is low, there  Article III – Bill of Rights
will be poverty (unemployment,  Public Administration
corruption, limited access to education)  Law of administer the
 Geography
Forms of Government
 Territory
 Aerial (air space)  Monarchy
 Fluvial (lake, canal)  Only 1 who lead (ex. Japan, UK)
 Maritime (sea, man life, natural  Absolute
resources)  Limited
 Territorial Domain  Aristocracy
 Geopolitics (Philippine Sea)  Oligarchy
 Sociology & Anthropology  Few or more
 Smallest unit – Family  Democracy
 Psychology  Direct/ Pure democracy
 Study of human behavior  Indirect (followed by Philippines)
 Statistics & Logic  Representative
 It involves numbers  Republican
 Jurisprudence
Indirect Democracy
 Study of Law
 National Government
Democratic – form of government
 Unitary government (Malacaang)
5 Elements of the State  Central government
 Federal Government
 Government  Power of the government divided into
 Ruling a state two sets.
 People  Legislative
 Mass of the population living within the
 Judiciary
state.
 Territory 2 Types of Sovereignty
 An area of land under the jurisdiction of
 Internal – Power within the community
a state.
 External – hindi pwede pakialaman ng ibang
 Demarcated area that rightly belongs to
bansa
the population.
 Sovereignty 4 Types of State
 Power, independence, control of the
state  Divine Right Theory
 Supreme power of the state to command  Necessity or Force Theory
and enforce obedience to its will from  Paternalistic Theory
the people within its jurisdiction and  Father and Mother (Family)
corollary to have freedom from foreign  Usually sa mga tribo
control.  Either nanay or tatay ang namumuno
 Recognition (optional)  Social Contrast Theory
 Nagkaroon ng contrata dati ang
Independent State gobyerno
 Agreement
 a country that can stand on its own.
 May sinusunod na cycle or routine
 Philippines is a state
 Tao – Government (vice versa)
 August 12, 1896 (Araw ng Kalayaan)
 Philippines starts Paternalistic Theory (datu) during Japanese (World War II)
Spanish Period
 Sinakop ng mga hapones
Difference of Nation and State  Comfort women
 Nation  333 years
 Culture The previous Philippine Republic
 Not all nations are state nor not all state
is a nation  During the administration of Marcos,
 Ethical concept Philippines is republic (lahat ng republic ay
 State demokrasya)
 Political concept
The Provisional Government
State vs. Government
 Corazon Aquino
 Government  People power before siya pinatalsik
 Only the agency that articulate
Amendment
 Not all government is a state
 Pwede magbago/ baguhin  A change
 State  Minor change
 Hindi pwede magbago Ex. Charter change
Kung ano ang akto ng gobyerno ay siyang akto
ng state (vice-versa) Revision
All state have government  Whole
Charter Change (Cha-cha) Longest Constitution – India (448 articles)
 Amending/ revising the constitution Shortest Constitution – UK (written constitutions)
 People’s initiative
Supreme Court
Communist
 Last court
 States own everything  Final court
Ex. North Korea  There can be no appeal from its decision
 “The government is the one who own everything  Irrevocable decision
and distributes the resources equally” – Karl
Marx The Kinds of Constitution in the Philippines

What will happen if there’s no government?  Conventional (meron ang pilipinas)

 Con Ass (Constitutional Assembly)
 Chaos  Form of constitution is hand written
 No laws nor no government (anarchy) (Philippines)
Harms of Federal Government  Cumulative
 English constitution
 Magbabago ang Sistema ng gobyerno
 Napakahirap ang transition period para sa Flexible or Inelastic
Pilipinas.
Pre-colonial (Greek Period)

 Lapu-lapu Constitution vs. Statute

 Constitution
Spanish Period  Broad
 General ang nilalagay
 Aliping sagigilid (slaves)  Dapat maikli lang
 Maharlika  Statute
 Timawa (free man)  Republic acts
 Aliping mamamahay  City ordinance
 Detailed
Government During Revolution Period  Invalid ang law
 KKK (Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan, 3 Parts of Constitution
Katipunan ng mga anak ng Bayan) – itinaga ni
Andes Bonifacio  Origin of Constitution
 Cumulative or evolved
Post-Government (America)  Conventional or enacted (Philippines)
 As to form
 20 million
 Written
  Unwritten (cumulative) Sovereignty
 Modality of amendment
 May Karapatan
 Rigid or inelastic (Philippines – 2 terms)
 May power
 Flexible or elastic
Philippines is a third world country Philippine Embassy (Extension of territory)
 poor
 developing  Sovereignty territory sa ibang bansa.

Advantage of written constitution

 definite
 broad and clear
Disadvantage of written constitution
 difficulty to change
Good written constitution
 As to form
 Brief
 Broad
 Definite
 As to contents
 Constitution of Government (framework
of government)
 Constitution of Liberty (magpag-palaya)
 Constitution of Sovereignty (kailangan
may kapangyarihan)
Constitution vs. Statute
 Constitution
 A legislative direct from the people
(general framework)
 Statute
 A legislation from people’s
representative (from senator “12
senates” per midterm)
 Detailed

Constitution of Republic of the Philippines

 The 1935 Constitution
 The 1973 Constitution
 The 1987 Constitution
Article 1 (National Territory)
 Archipelago
 Group of islands (7,107) with 7 sinking
islands
 Territorial Land
 12 Nautical miles
 Territorial sea from base line
(dalampasigan)
 24 Nautical miles
 Contiguous zone
 200 Nautical miles
 Exclusive Economic Zone
Sovereign Rights
 Explore (pwede gawin)
 Fishing
 Scuba diving
 Economic purpose