3-2

Air contains 5 ppm of diethylamine (TLV-

TWAof 10ppm), 20 ppm of cyclohexanol(TLV-
TWA of 50 ppm), and 10 ppm of propylene
oxide (TLV-TWA of 20 ppm).

What is the mixture TLV-TWA and has this

level been exceeded?
Example 3-4 (p112)
Assumption:
1) the composition of the liquid does not change as it evaporates (the
quantity is large), the vapor composition is computed using standard
vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations

2) Raoult’s and Dalton’s laws apply to this system under these

conditions, the vapor composition is determined directly from the
saturation vapor pressures of the pure components
(p666)
 & present

past…
 Estimating the Vaporization Rate of a Liquid

• Liquids with high saturation vapor pressures evaporate

faster
Estimating the Vaporization Rate of a Liquid

--> Applied to estimate the vaporization rate of volatile from an open

vessel or from a spill of liquid
Estimating the Vaporization Rate of a Liquid
From evaporation of a liquid:
Estimating the Vaporization Rate of a Liquid
 Estimating the Vaporization Rate of a Liquid

Example 3.8: A large open tank with a 5-ft diameter contains toluene.
Estimate the evaporation rate from this tank assuming a temperature of
77°F and a pressure of 1atm. If the ventilation rate is 3000 ft3/min, estimate
the concentration of toluene in this workplace enclosure.
Estimating Worker Exposures during Vessel Filling Operations
 Estimating Worker Exposures during Vessel Filling Operations
(Qm)2, is determined by assuming that the vapor is completely saturated with the volatile
Estimating Worker Exposures during Vessel Filling Operations
Estimating Worker Exposures during Vessel Filling Operations

Example 3-9
Railroad cars are being splash-filled with toluene. The 10,000-galcars are being filled at
the rate of one every 8 hr. The filling hole in the tank car is 4 in. in diameter. Estimate the
concentration of toluene vapor as a result of this filling operation. The ventilation rate is
estimated at 3000 ft/min.
The temperature is 77°F and the pressure is 1atm.
 Example 3.10

Xylene is used as a solvent in paint. A certain painting operation

evaporates an estimated 3 gal of xylene in an 8-hr shift. The ventilation
quality is rated as average. Determine the quantity of dilution ventilation
air required to maintain the xylene concentration below 100 ppm, the
TLV-TWA
Also, compute the air required if the operation is carried out in an
enclosed hood with an opening of 50 ft2 and a face velocity of 100
ft/min. The temperature is 77°F and the pressure is 1atm. The specific
gravity of the xylene is 0.864, and its molecular weight is 106

•
Problem 3.20