Level 1 Semester 1

Computer Systems
9.System Software and Utilities

Short Note
Software
• Two major classes of software
• System software
• Application software

W3 Campus 2
Operating System
• OS is the master control program that provides an inter-face for a user
and application programs to communicate with the computer
• Functions of OS
• Displays the on-screen elements
• Loads application programs
• Coordinate hardware and programs
• Provide system calls with provide necessary information required by other
programs

W3 Campus 3
Operating System

W3 Campus 4
Stack placement of OS

W3 Campus 5
Types of Operating Systems
• Real Time Operating system
• May be embedded systems
• Ex: OS in medical diagnostic equipment, life-support systems, machinery,
scientific equipment, industrial machines, calculator, washing machine and etc

• Single-User / Single-Tasking Operating system

• Ex: MS-DOS, Palm OS

W3 Campus 6
Types of Operating Systems
• Single-User / Multitasking Operating system
• Ex: Win 95, XP, vista, 7, 8, 10, (Microsoft Windows)
Ubuntu, Cent OS (Linux Variant)
Puma………Catalina, Big Sur, Monterey (Apple MacOS)

• Multi-User / Multitasking Operating system

• Ex: UNIX, VMS (virtual memory system),
MVS (multiple virtual storage)
Windows NT

W3 Campus 7
Duties of the OS
• Providing interface for users as well as for application software
• CLI (Command Line Interface)
• GUI (Graphical User Interface) - [WIMP-windows, icon, menu, pointing device]

• Memory management
• File management
• Running Programs
• OS use system calls to provide services and other information required by
other programs

W3 Campus 8
Duties of the OS
• Process management
• Providing sharing facility
• Providing network facility
• Managing Hardware
• Processing Interrupts
• Working with Device Drivers

W3 Campus 9
Extra utilities, provided by OS
• Hardware Utilities
• Virus Detection and Recovery Utilities
• File-Compression Utilities
• Spam and Pop-Up Blocker Utilities
• Network and Internet Utilities
• Server and Mainframe Utilities
• Backup Utilities
• Firewall
• Intrusion Detection W3 Campus 10
Duties of the OS
• Process management
• Providing sharing facility
• Providing network facility
• Managing Hardware
• Processing Interrupts
• Working with Device Drivers

W3 Campus 11
Embedded Operating Systems
• Small and embedded in to ROM chip
• Examples
• Palm OS
• OpenZaurus (Unix Like product for PDA)
• Symbian OS
• Mobilinux (Linux-Distribution for Smartphones)
• Windows XP embedded
• Windows CE.NET (Windows Embedded Compact)

W3 Campus 12
Embedded Operating Systems
• Examples
• Pocket PC OS
• MotoMagx (Linux based mobile phone OS by Motorola)
• PikeOS: Real-time OS by SYSGO
• ELinOS: Embedded industrial grade Linux distribution
• Windows Mobile (windows 7 phone, windows 8 phone, Windows 10 Mobile)
• Xinu
• LiteOS

W3 Campus 13
System support (Utilities) Software
• Anti-virus software (Virus Guard)
• File compression tools (WinRAR, WinZip)
• Cryptographic Tools (Folder Lock)
• Clipboard Managers (Comfort Clipboard, ClipboardFusion, ClipCube,
Save.me)
• Storage scanning tools (Scan Disk, Hard Disk Sentinel)
• File backup tools (Acronis True Image)
• File Recovery Tools (Easy Recovery, File Recovery)
W3 Campus 14
System development Software
• IDE – Integrated Development Environment
• CASE Tools - Computer Assisted Software Engineering
• Computer languages
• Language translators (Compilers and Interpreter)

W3 Campus 15
Compiler and Interpreter

W3 Campus 16
Compiler and Interpreter

W3 Campus 17
Programming Languages

W3 Campus 18
Programming Languages

W3 Campus 19
Programming Languages
• First Generation Computer Languages
• Known as machine language
• Written in binary notation
• Dependent on the type of the CPU of the computer

• Second Generation Computer Languages (1950s)

• Called symbolic languages
• Also known as Assembly language
• Each different type of CPU has its own type of assembly

W3 Campus 20
Programming Languages
• Third Generation Computer Languages(3GLs) (1960s)
• Also known as High Level languages
• It is much closer to English
• A translator is needed
• Used Interpreter or compilers or both
• All 3GL are procedural oriented
• Ex- C, C++, C#, java, Basic, Pascal

W3 Campus 21
Programming Languages
• Fourth Generation Computer Languages(4GLs) (1970s)
• Sometimes called as a natural language
• Because they use even more English like syntax than 4GLs
• Ex-SQL, LISP, Prolog, MYCIN

W3 Campus 22
Programming Languages
• Beyond Fourth Generation Computer Languages (5GLs)
• Can understand queries
• Use “drag and drop” technology
• Use graphical or visual interfaces for programming
• Ex for Visual Languages - Visual Basic, Visual C++
• OOP Languages – Smalltalk, Visual Basic.Net, C++, Java

W3 Campus 23
Different languages for different types of works

W3 Campus 24
Open-source vs closed source software
• Software which having source code available to edit, known as open-
source software

W3 Campus 25
Application Software
• Software that have a specific task to perform

W3 Campus 26
END

W3 Campus 27