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Problem 1: Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors

Consider a square matrix A given by:

7 & 2 & 0 \\
2 & 3 & -1 \\
0 & -1 & 5
\end{bmatrix}

Compute the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of matrix A.

Solution 1:

To compute the eigenvalues, we solve the characteristic equation det(A − λI) = 0, where I is the
identity matrix and λ represents the eigenvalues.

∣7 − λ 2 0 ∣
det(A − λI) = 2 ​3 − λ −1 ​ ​ ​ ​

∣ 0 −1 5 − λ∣

Solving this determinant equation, we get the eigenvalues λ1 , λ2 , λ3 . ​ ​ ​

Next, for each eigenvalue λi , we solve the system of linear equations (A − λi I )x

​ ​ = 0 to find the
corresponding eigenvector.

Problem 2: Matrix Diagonalization

Let A be a square matrix with distinct eigenvalues λ1 , λ2 , … , λn . Diagonalize matrix A by finding the
​ ​ ​

invertible matrix P and diagonal matrix D such that A = P DP −1 .

Solution 2:

To diagonalize A, we need to find the eigenvectors and arrange them in a matrix P . The diagonal
matrix D will have the corresponding eigenvalues on its diagonal.

Compute the eigenvectors for each eigenvalue λi . ​

Arrange the eigenvectors as columns in P .

Form the diagonal matrix D with eigenvalues on the diagonal.
Compute P −1 .
Verify that A = P DP −1
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