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Projektni Zadatak
Projektni Zadatak
1. OTPORI KOPANJA
W1 = k1 × h × (B + h) × (0.55 + 0.015 × a) + s × (z × n × b + µ1 × n × y × b)
b – širina zuba;
b = 0,11 × 3 0.6 = 0,11 × 3
0.6 = 9.27 cm
n – broj zuba;
B 101.2
n= +1= +1 = 3.95
a+b 25.029 + 9.27
n = 4 zuba
W1 = 10×16.8 × (101.2 + 16.8) × (0.55 + 0.015 × 30) + 5 × (0.6 × 4 × 9.27 + 0.8 × 4 × 3 × 9.27)
W1 = 20.38 kN
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 2
W2’ = B × h × H × g
W2 = 2.5 + 4.54
W2 = 7.04 kN
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 3
W3 = krp × B × H2 × g × (µ2 ± i)
tg 1° = i = 0.0174
a’- ugao nagiba zemlje:
a’ = 1°
W4 = µ 1× Fn
Fn = 0.5 × Fk = 0.5 × 24 = 12 kN
W4 = 0.8 × 12
W4 = 9.6 kN
2. KAPACITET BAGERA
Q0 = V0 × n0
c = 0.81
3
L =1.35 × V = 1.35 × 3
0.6 = 1.13 m
ko ×kp
Qt = Qo ×
k pr
0.78 × 1.15
Qt = 98.82 ×
1.25
Qt = 70.91 m3/h
Qe = Qt × kv
Qe = 70.91 × 0.68
Qe = 48.22 m3/h
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 6
Qd = Qe × nd
Qd = 48.22 × 16
Qd = 771.535 m3/dan
Qg = n × nd × Qe
Gd = md × g = 468 × 10 = 4.68 kN
md = m’d × φ = 450 × V× φ = 450 × 0.6 × 1.3 = 468 kg
mck = 160 kg
Gck = 160 × 10 = 1.6 kN
3.težina kašike
mk = 500 kg
Gk = 500 ×10 = 5 kN
1
L= × (Gs1 × l1 + Gs2 × l2 + Gcs × l3 + Gd × l4 + Gcd × l5 + Gk × l6 + Gck × l7)
Fv
1
L= × (12.78 × 0,8 + 5· 2 + 3.9 × 0,6 + 4.68 × 3,5 + 2.52 × 2,8 + 6 × 7.4 + 1.6 × 5.5)
36.48
L = 2,71 m
Pcs × R4 + R3 × WT - Fv × L = 0
1 1
Pcs = × (Fv × L – R3 × WT) = ∙ (36.48 × 2.71 – 20.38 × 9)
R4 1,65
WT = W1 = 20.38 kN
WN = 0.3 × WT = 6.114 kN
Pcs = - 51.24 kN
WT × R - WN × R'-Fv 1 × R 1
Pcd =
R2
1
R1 = × (Gk × l8 + Gd× l9 + Gck × l10 - 0.5 × Gcd × l11)
Fv1
1
R1 = × (6 × 2,1 + 4.68 × 0.31 + 1.6 × 0.6 – 0.5 × 2.52 × 1) = 1.01 m
13.54
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 9
1
Pcp= ×(WT × R5 – WN × R5’ – Gk × R6)
Rcp
1
Pcp = (20.38 × 1.3 – 6.114 × 0.66 – 6 × 0.66)
0.35
Pcp = 52.85 kN
SMH = 0
Pcp × 0.4 = Pck × 0.6
52.85 × 0.4
Pck =
0.6
Pck = 35.23 kN
Položaj 2.
1 1
Fv’’ = Fv + Gz = 36.48 + × 1.076 = 37.018 kN
2 2
1
Rv = × (Gs1 × l1 + Gs2 × l2 + Gcs × l3 + Gd × l4 + Gcd × l5 + Gk × l6 + Gck × l7)
Fv ' '
1
Rv = × (12.78 × 2.3 + 5 × 3.2 + 3.9 × 1.3 + 4.68 × 5.7 + 2.52 × 5.4 + 6 × 6.1 + 1.6 × 6.15)
37.018
Rv = 3,705 m
WT = 20.38 kN
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 10
Pcs = - 119.072 kN
1
Pck = × WT × R5 – WN × R5’ – (Gk + 0.5 × Gz + Gck) × R6
Rck
Položaj 3. Krajnji položaj pri kopanju, kašika izlazi iz kopa napunjena zemljom
1
Rv = ×(Gs1 × l1 + Gs2 × l2 + Gcs × l3 + Gd × l4 + Gcd × l5 + Gk × l6 + Gck × l7)
Fv ' ' '
1
Rv = × (12.78 × 2.3 + 5 × 3.2 + 3.9 × 1.3 + 4.68 × 4.7 + 2.52 × 3 + 6 × 1.9 + 1.6 × 3.2)
37.55
Rv = 2.73 m
WT = W1 = 20.38 kN
WN = 0.3 × WT = 6.114 kN
1
Pcs = × (37.55 × 1.3 + 20.38 × 2.71 – 6.114 × 3.5)
0.8
Pcs = –103.38 kN
1
R1 = × (Gk × l8 + Gd × l9 + Gck × l10 + 0.5 × Gcd × l11 + Gz × l8)
Fv1 ' ' '
1 1
Pck = ×[WT × R5 + (Gk + Gz) × R6] = × [20.38 × 1.3 + (6 + 1.076) × 0.8]
Rck 0 .6
Pck = 52.25 kN
w2
Pcs × lcs – Gs1 × ls1 – Gs2 × ls2 – Gd × ld – Gk+z × (l1k + lz) – Gcd × lcd – Gcs × lcs – Gck × lck - (Gs1 × ls1 × ys1 +
g
Gs2 × ls2 × ys2 + md × ld × yd + m1(k+z) × l1(k+z) × y(k+z) + mcs × lcs × ycs + mcd × lcd × ycd + mck × lck × yck) = 0
1 (1,25) 2
Pcs = × [12.78 × 0.3 + 5 × 1.98 + 4.68 × 4.7 + 2.52 × 2.8 + 5.56 × 3.5 + 1.6 × 5 + × (12 × 0.3 ×
0 .2 10
0.2 + 5 × 1.98 × 1.05 + 4.68 × 4.7 × 4.3 + 2.52 × 2.8 × 2.6 + 3.9 × 0.3 × 0.5 + 8.56 × 3.5 × 5 + 1.6 × 5 × 4.8)]
Pcs = 592.49 kN
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 13
1. Položaj
RA = R A × Uf = 7.5 × 20 = 150 kN
RB = RB × Uf = 0.9 × 20 = 18 kN
RD = RD × Uf = 1.6 × 20 = 32 kN
2. Položaj
RA = R A × Uf = 7.3 × 20 = 146 kN
RB = RB × Uf = 8.7 × 20 = 174 kN
RD = RD × Uf = 5.4 × 20 = 108 kN
3. Položaj
RA = R A × Uf = 9.3 × 20 = 186 kN
RB = R B × Uf = 9.2 × 20 = 184 kN
RD = RD × Uf = 5.3 × 20 = 106 kN
4. Položaj
RA = R A × Uf = 12.8 × 20 = 256 kN
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 14
a)da bager postigne odgovarajuću maksimalnu brzinu kad se kreće po horizontalnom putu, ovo je
potrebno zbog bržeg pomeranja mašine sa mesta na mesto
b)da bager savlada odgovarajući uspon i do 38.5°
Potrebni protoci
d k2p 0,09 2 × p
Qk = ×v = ×6 = 0.038 m3/min = 38 (l/min)
4 4
d cd2 × p 0,125 2 × p
Qcd = ×v = ×6 = 0.074 m3/min = 74 (l/min)
4 4
Minimalni protok
Maksimalni protok
Qmax = 2 × Qmin = 2 × 120 = 240 (l/min)
Specifični protok
Q max 240 × 10 3
qp = = = 123.7cm3/obr
n M × h v 2000 × 0.97
Pmax (Q d + Q k )
Pp =
h v × h hm
300 × 10 5 × 112 × 10 -3
Pp =
0.97 × 0.95 × 60
Pp = 60.77 kW
PM = 1.1×Pp = 1.1×60,77
PM = 66.85 kW
Zapremine hidromotora
Određivanje zapremine hidromotora iz uslova da bager ostvaruje odgovarajuću brzinu pri kopanju
Fw = Gm×(sinn + f×cosn)
pogonski moment
Mg 63.232
M= = = 2.810 kNm
ink × h ' 25 × 0.9
Fw × rd
Mg =
h'
h’ = 0.85 ÷ 0.95
q × i nk × h × h p × h nm × Dp
Fw =
h × rd × p
Fw × rd × 2 × p 109.44 × 10 3 × 10 3 × 0.52 × 2 × p
q= = = 6.8 cm3/obr
i nk × h × h p × h nm × Dp 25 × 0.9 × 0.9 × 0.95 × 10 × 270
5
Mg = 63.232 kNm
63.232
M=
25 × 0.9
M = 2.810 kNm
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 18
Q ×h v × rd × p 194 × 10 × 0.97 × 0.52 × p
-3
v= = = 2.05 m/s
q × 60 × ink 10 × 10 -6 × 60 × 25
2000
Q = q × nm × hv = 6.8 × × 0.97 = 219.867 cm3/m×s = 13.193 l/min
60
arctg n = – f = – 0.08
n=31.13°
POLOŽAJE
I slučaj : Neopterećen bager kreće se bočno, paraleno ravni nagiba terena pod uglom
od 15°
Fw
G2
yc
5
yc
G4 1
yc
2
15° yc
G3 4
yc
3
Xc
yc1 = 5.5 m
yc2 = 2.3 m
yc3 = 0.5 m
yc4 = 2 m
yc5 = 2.3 m
xc = 1.65 m
Moment stabilnosti
Sila vetra
Fw = p × SAi
p = 522 N/cm2
SAi = 11.10 cm2
Moment prevrtanja
Koeficijent stabilnosti
M st 39239
k= = = 2,73 > 1,15
M pr 14321.3
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 20
II slučaj: Radna mašina bez radnog uređaja stoji na padini pod uglom a = 12°.
Zadnjom stranom je okrenuta niz strmu ravan.
G2
y c2
G4
y c4
G3
y c3 12°
x c2
x c4 x c3
Moment stabilnosti
Moment preturanja
Koeficijent stabilnosti
M st 32719.1
k= = = 7.60 > 1,15
M pr 4303.772
III slučaj: Bager stoji na horizontalnoj podlozi, a kašika puna zemlje na izlazu iz kopa.
Potreban koeficijent stabilnosti k = 1,1
xcs xc4
xc2
G4
GS G2
G3
RT
RN
Gd Wn
Wt
G(k+z)
xcd xc(k+z) xc3
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 22
xcs = 300 cm
xcd = 350 c
xc(k+z) = 160 cm
RT = 70 cm
RN = 2
Moment stabilnosti
Moment preturanja
Koeficijent stabilnosti
M st 35406.48
k= = = 3.701 > 1,15
M pr 9564.4
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 23
IV slučaj; Bager opterećen stoji na nagnutoj površini pod uglom 5° i okreće se u ravni sa
potpuno ispruženom kašikom napunjenom zemljom.
rc(k+z)
Fc(k+z) rcd rc4
rcs
Gd
Fcs
Fc2
Gs
ycd
G2
Fc4
yc(k+z)
G4
yc2
ycs
yc4
G3
yc3
5°
xcs xc3
xcd xc2
xc(k+z) xc4
xc2 = 215 cm xc3 = 150 cm xc4 = 350 cm xcs = 130 cm xcd = 630 cm xc(k+z) = 768 cm
yc2 = 230 cm yc3 = 50 cm yc4 = 200 cm ycs = 324 cm ycd = 280 cm yc(k+z) = 132 cm
rc2 = 30 cm rc4 = 200 cm rcs = 330 cm rcd = 760 cm rc(k+z) = 925 cm
Moment stabilnosti
Mst1 = [G2 × xc2 + G3 × xc3 + G4 × xc4] × cos a = [60 × 215 + 90 × 150 + 60 × 350]× cos 5°
Mst1 = 47 219 kNcm
w2 0,92 2
Mst2 = × (G2 × yc2 × rc2 + G4 × yc4 × rc4) = × (60 × 230 × 30 + 60 × 200 × 200
g 10
Mst2 = 238 176.96 kNcm
Mpr1 = (Gs × xcs + Gd × xcd + Gk+z × xc(k+z)) × cos a + (Gs × ycs + Gd × ycd + Gk+z × yc(k+z)) × sin a +
w2
Mpr2 = × (Gs × ycs × rcs + Gd × ycd × rcd + Gk+z × yc (k+z) × rc (k+z))
g
Mpr2 = 201 851 kNcm
Koeficijent stabilnosti
M st 285395
k= = = 1,3 > 1,15
M pr 213652
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 25
9. PROVERA NAPONA STRELE
Dokaz napona
l9
l8
P l7
Q
l5
E
C P
CD
l6
l1
g P GS2 RB
Q
PCS
GS l4
l2
b
A
a RA
Moment savijanja
Mf
sf = £ sf dop
W
M Ql - Q = RA∙ sina × l1 – GS1 ∙ sin b × l2 + PCS ∙ cosg × l3
M Ql-Q = 150 × sin 27° × 2,54 – 12.78 × sin 48° × 0,9 + (-51.24) × cos 27° × 0,12
Mdc = RB ∙ sin d × l4
Transverzalne sile
FlTQ-Q = 6,8 kN
FdTQ-Q = -98,8 kN
FlTp-p = 5,59 kN
Aksijalne sile
l
Fa Q -Q
= - RA ∙ cos a + Gs1 ∙ cos b - Pcs ∙ cos g
FlQq-q = -150 × cos 27° + 12.78 × cos 48° + 51.24 × cos 23°
FlQq-q= 228,9 kN
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 27
Fa B = RB cos d
∙
Fa B = 18 × cos 10°
FaB = 17 kN
Fa C = RB ∙ cos ∙ d
FaC = 17 kN
l
Fa p-p = Fa C = RB ∙ cos d + GS2 ∙ cos j + PCD
p
E B
p p
p
GS2 RB
pCS
GS1
t
F
a
F
RA
27o
f
M
Ft
Fa
Mf
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 29
II položaj
Moment savijanja
M Ql-Q = 146 × sin 30° × 12.78 – 3 × sin 90° × 0,9 + 19.082 × cos20° × 0,12
M cd = RB ∙ sind × l4
Transverzalne sile
Aksijalne sile
l
Fa Q -Q
= RA ∙ cosa + Gs1 ∙ cos b - Pcs ∙ cos g
l
Fa Q -Q
= 146 × cos 30° + 12.78 × cos 90° + 19.082 × cos 23°
Fa B = - RB ∙ cos d
Fa B = - 174 × cos 19°
Fa B = - 28,36 kN
Fa C = RB ∙ cos d
Fa C = -28,36 kN
l
Fa p-p = Fa C = - RB ∙ cos d + GS2 ∙ cos j + PCD
P
E B
Q P
Q
GS2 RB
pCS
GS1
t
F
a
F
A
RA
f
M
27o
Ft
Fa
Mf
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 32
III položaj
Moment savijanja
M Ql-Q = 186 × sin 18° × 2,54 – 12.78 × sin 90° × 0,9 – 103.38 × cos 20° × 0,12
Mdc = RB × sin d × l4
M dpp = 184 × sin 17° × 4,2 – 10 × sin 21° × 2,4 – 52.24 × 0,32
Transverzalne sile
FdTQ-Q = - 21,19 kN
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 33
FlTp-p = -17,4 kN
Aksijalne sile
l
Fa Q -Q
= RA × cos a + Gs1 × cos b - Pcs × cos g
l
Fa Q -Q
= 186 × cos 18° + 12.78 × cos 90° - 103.38 × cos 20°
Fa B = -RB × cos d
Fa B = -184 × cos 17°
Fa B = - 50,6 kN
Fa C = RB × cos d
Fa C = - 50,6 kN
l
Fa p-p = Fa C = - RB × cos d + GS2 × cos j + PCD
P
E B
Q P RB
Q
GS2
pCS
GS1
t
F
a
A F
f
M
RA
Ft
Fa
Mf
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 35
Presek Q - Q:
Materijal
Č 0460 ® sdop = 16,5 kN/cm3
Površina
A = 2 × 2 × 37 + 2 × 2,5 × (41 – 17) + 2 × 8 × 6
A = 364 cm2
Položaj težišta
1
yc = (2 × 37 × 2 × 22,5 + 2 × 41 × 2 × 22,5 - 2 × 17 × 2,5 × 26 + 2 × 8 × 6 × 26)
A
yc = 22,6 cm
Ix = 98 280 cm4
é 2 × 37 3 ù
Iy = 2× ê + 8 × 6 × 15,75 2 + 41 × 2,5 × 15,75 2 - 17 × 2,5 × 15,75 2 ú
ë 12 û
Iy = 70 466 cm4
Otporni moment
I x 98280
Wx = = = 4 368 cm3
yc 22,6
Iy 70466
Wy = = = 3 809 cm3
18,5 18,5
Gradjevinske i rudarske mašine 36
Statički moment
Poluprečnik inercije
Ix 98280
ix = = = 16,4 cm
A 364
Iy 70466
iy = = = 13,9 cm
A 364
l7 640
lx = = = 39,02 l7 = µ × l µ=1
i x 16,4
l7 2 × 640
ly = = = 92,08 l7 = µ × l µ=2
iy 13,9
λ = 100 ® w = 2,07
Naponi
s = sf + sc
Mf 8344
sf = = = 1,91 kN/cm2
Wx 4368
Fa 355,1
sc1 = ×w = × 2,07 = 2,02 kN/cm2
A 364
s = 1,91 + 2,02
s = 3,93 kN/cm2
su = s 2f + 3 × t 2 = 3,932 + 3 × 8,87 2
Presek p-p:
površina
A = 2 × 2 × 30 + 2 × (36 – 17) × 2,5 + 2 × 8 × 6
A = 364 cm2
položaj težišta
1
yc = ((2 × 30 × 2 + 2 × 36 × 2,5) × 20 + 2 × 17 × 2,5 × 12 + 2 × 8 × 6 × 12)
A
yc = 19,7 cm
2,5 × 36 3
Ix = 30 × 2 × 19,32 + 30 × 2 × 18,72 + 2 × (8 × 6 × 7,72) – 2 × (17 × 2,5 × 7,712) + 2 ×
12
Ix = 44 523 cm4
I x 44523
Wx = = ž
yc 19,7
Wx = 2 193 cm3
é 20 × 30 3 æ 19 × 2,53 ö æ 6 × 83 öù
Iy = 2× ê + 2 × çç + 47,5 × 12,25 2 ÷÷ + 2 × çç + 48 × 12,25 2 ÷÷ú
ë 12 è 12 ø è 12 øû
4
Iy = 38 224 cm
Iy 38224
Wy = =
15 15
Wy = 2 548 cm3
Ix 44523
ix = = = 11,9 cm
A 311
Iy 38224
iy = = = 11,08 cm
A 311
l= l2x + l2y
lr 640
lx = = = 53,5 lr = µ × l µ=1
i x 11,96
l r 2 × 640
ly = = = 115,5 lr = µ × l µ=2
iy 11,08
l= 53 ,5 2 + 115 ,5 2
l = 127,2 ® w = 3,37
s = sf + sc
Mf 20550
sf = = = 9,37 kN/cm2
Wx 2193
Fa 387,2
sc1 = ×w = × 3,37 = 4,1 kN/cm2
A 311
s = 9,37 + 4,1
s = 13,47 kN/cm2
s u = s 2f + 3 × t 2
su = 13 , 47 2 + 3 × 1,91 2
su = 13,77 kN/cm2 < sdop = 16,5 kN/cm2