Linear Geometry I

Exercises and Problems 4

1. In R4 write the equation of the affine subspace passing through A(1, 2, 2, 1) and
parallel to F in each of the following cases.

(a) F has equation x + y + z = y + z + t = 2.

(b) F has equation x + 2y + 3z = 5.
(c) F has equation x + y = y + z = z + t = 1.

2. Which of the following mappings is affine? Justify your answer.

(a) f : R2 → R (x, y) 7→ x2 − y
(b) f : R2 → R2 (x, y) 7→ (2x + y + 1, x − 2y − 3)
(c) f : R3 → R2 (x, y, z) 7→ (x + y + 1, yz − 1)
(d) f : E → E is the identity map.
(e) f is a rotation in the plane R2 .
(f) f is the composition of a translation and a dilatation.

3. Show that the composition of two affine mappings is an affine mapping.

4. (a) Show that the composition of two translations is a translation.

(b) Show that the composition of two dilatations of the same center O is also a
dilatation of center O.

5. Show that any affine mapping whose associated linear mapping is the identity is a
translation.

6. When does an affine mapping ϕ from Rn to Rm become a linear mapping?

7. Let f : E → E 0 be an affine mapping between two affine spaces E, E 0 . Suppose that

F 0 is a subspace of E 0 . Show that f −1 (F 0 ) is a subspace of E which is directed by
→
− −1 0
f (F ).

8. Let there be given two affine spaces E and E 0 . Assume that {A0 , A1 , . . . , An } is a
frame of E and A00 , A01 , . . . , A0n are points in E 0 . Prove that there exists a unique
affine mapping f : E → E 0 such that f (Ai ) = A0i for any i = 0, 1, . . . , n.

9. In a 3-dimensional affine space E equipped with a given frame let there be given
four points A(1, 2, 1), B(0, 1, 2), C(2, 4, 5). Find the coordinates of the barycenter of
the following systems.

(a) {(A, 1), (B, 2)}

(b) {(A, 1), (B, 1), (C, 1)}
(c) {(A, 1), (B, 2), (C, 3)}

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10. Show that the barycenters of two systems

{(A1 , α1 ), . . . , (Ak , αk )}

{(A1 , λα1 ), . . . , (Ak , λαk )}

coincide for any λ 6= 0.

11. In an affine space E let there be given four distinct points A, B, C, D. Denote by
M, N, P, Q the midpoints of AB, BC, CD, DA respectively.

(a) Show that three lines M N, P Q, AC are parallel.

(b) Let O be the intersection point of M P and N Q. Show that O is the barycenter
of the system {(A, 1), (B, 1), (C, 1), (D, 1)}.