The University of the South Pacific

Serving the Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Niue, Samoa, Solomons Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, and Vanuatu

School of Computing, Information &

Mathematical Sciences

MA111: CALCULUS I & LINEAR ALGEBRA I

FINAL EXAMINATION, SEMESTER 2, 2011

Time Allowed 3 hours plus 10 minutes reading

120 marks (50% of the Final Mark)

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. This exam has two sections:

Section A: Linear Algebra - 55 marks
Section B: Calculus - 65 marks

2. There are FOUR questions in each section. Answer ALL questions.

3. Start each question on a new page.

4. Write your answers in the answer booklet provided.

5. Show all relevant working.

6. Programmable calculators are NOT allowed.

7. A list of formulae is provided for your use.

8. The MINIMUM MARK is 48/120.

 MA111 Final Exam, Semester 2, 2011

Question 1 Start on a new page Total marks = 18.

(a) Give the solution set of x − 2y + 7z = −1 in parametric form.

[2 marks]

(b) Solve the following system of linear equation for x, y and z

1 1 4
− + =4
x y z

2 3
− = −1
y z

7 4
+ = 11
x y

[6 marks]

(c) Determine the value(s) of k for which the system of linear equations

x + 2y = 1
2
k x − 2ky = 2

has exactly one solution.

[3 marks]

(d) Consider the matrices

 
  1 2  
1 2 1 1 2
A= , B= 3 4  and C=
0 −1 2 1 0
5 8

Compute the following (if possible)

(i) AB T (iii) CA
(ii) (B T + C)T (iv) A−2

[2+2+1+2=7 marks]

Page 2 of 8
 MA111 Final Exam, Semester 2, 2011

Question 2 Start on a new page Total marks = 17.

(b) Determine whether each statement given below is true or false. Correct the
statement if it is false.

(i) A system of linear equations is said to be inconsistent if it has infinitely

many solutions.
(ii) If A and B are invertible matrices, then (AB)−1 = A−1 B −1 .

[2 marks]

(b) Prove that if A is an invertible matrix, then the system of linear equations
AX = b has a unique solution given by X = A−1 b.
[3 marks]

(c) The flow of traffic (in vehicles per hour) through a network of streets is shown
below.

200

x1 x2

100 100

x3 x4

200
(i) Solve this system for xi , i = 1, 2, . . . , 4.
(ii) Find the traffic flow when x2 = 50.
(iii) If all the directions are reversed, how would the solutions change?
(iv) Introduce at least one bypass/junction to the design and solve the new
system.

[5+1+1+5=12 marks]

Page 3 of 8
 MA111 Final Exam, Semester 2, 2011

Question 3 Start on a new page Total marks = 10.


 x1 + x3 =3
(a) Solve the linear system 2x1 + x2 + 2x3 = 7 using the following
3x1 + 2x2 + 6x3 = 14

steps

(i) write the system as Ax = b,

(ii) find the LU -factorization of the coefficient matrix A,
(iii) solve the lower triangular system Ly = b, and
(iv) solve the upper triangular system U x = y.

[1+3+1.5+1.5=7 marks]

x 0 c
(b) Show that −1 x b = ax2 + bx + c.
0 −1 a
[3 marks]

Question 4 Start on a new page Total marks = 10.

(a) Determine whether each statement given below is true or false. Correct the
statement if it is false.

(i) If one row of a square matrix is a multiple of another row, then the
determinant is zero.
(ii) If A and B are square matrices, then (AB)T = AT B T .

[2 marks]

(b) An invertible matrix M is called orthogonal if M −1 = M T . Prove that if M

is an orthogonal matrix, then |M | = ±1.
[3 marks]
 
1 4
(c) For the matrix A = find the following:
2 3

(i) the characteristic equation,

(ii) the eigenvalues, and
(iii) the corresponding eigenvectors.

[2+1+2=5 marks]

Page 4 of 8
 MA111 Final Exam, Semester 2, 2011

Question 5 Start on a new page Total marks = 20.

1
(a) Find the domain of f (x) = .
x2 +1
[2 marks]

ax + b
(b) Prove that if a2 + bc 6= 0, then the graph of f (x) = is symmetric about
cx − a
the line y = x.
[4 marks]

(c) Evaluate the following limits:

x2 + 6x
(i) lim
x→−6 x3 + 7x2 + 6x

sin x
(ii) lim
x→0 |x|

√ √ 
(iii) lim 2 2
x +x− x −x
x→−∞

[2+3+3=8 marks]

(d) Suppose that a function f has the property that for all real numbers x

3 − |x| ≤ f (x) ≤ 3 + |x|.

What can you say about the limit of f (x) as x → 0?

[3 marks]

(e) If f and g are continuous at x = c, then prove that f + g is also continuous at

x = c.
[3 marks]

Page 5 of 8
 MA111 Final Exam, Semester 2, 2011

Question 6 Start on a new page Total marks = 20.

(a) Suppose that f is a differentiable function with the property that

f (h)
f (x + h) = f (x) + f (h) + 5xh and lim = 3.
h→0 h
Find f ′ (x).
[4 marks]

dy
(b) Use implicit differentiation to find if tan(xy 2 + y) = x.
dx
[4 marks]

dy
(c) Use logarithmic differentiation to find if y = (x2 + 2x + 1)sin x+x .
dx
[4 marks]

(d) Show that the function y = ex sin x satisfies

y ′′ − 2y ′ + 2y = 0.

[4 marks]

(e) Suppose that f (x) is a function that

√ is continuous and differentiable every-
where and its derivative is f (x) = 5 + x2 − 3.
′

(i) What are the critical points of f (x)?

(ii) Find the intervals on which f (x) is increasing or decreasing.

[1+3 = 4 marks]

Page 6 of 8
 MA111 Final Exam, Semester 2, 2011

Question 7 Start on a new page Total marks = 11.

(a) Find the relative extrema of the function f (x) = x4 − 4x3 + 4x2 using the
second derivative test.
[4 marks]

(b) Use the Intermediate-Value Theorem to show that the graphs of y = x3 + 2

and y = 4x + 1 intersect in the interval [1, 2].
[3 marks]

(c) Use the Mean-Value Theorem to show that if f is differentiable on an interval,

and if |f ′ (x)| ≤ M for all values of x in the interval, then

|f (x) − f (y)| ≤ M |x − y|

for all values of x and y in the interval. [4 marks]

Question 8 Start on a new page Total marks = 14.

1
(a) Many calculators compute reciprocals using the approximation a
≈ xn+1 , where

xn+1 = xn (2 − axn )

for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . and x0 is an initial approximation to a1 .

1
(i) Use Newtons method to f (x) = x
− a to derive this approximation.
1
(ii) Use this formula to approximate 13 starting with x0 = 0.07 and using 2
iterations (that is; find x1 and x2 ).

[3+3 = 6 marks]

(b) Evaluate the integrals.

Z
(i) (x − 1)2 dx
Z

1/4
(ii) x6 1 + x7 dx
Z
(iii) sin(sin2 x) · sin 2x dx

[2+3+3 = 8 marks]

Page 7 of 8
 MA111 Final Exam, Semester 2, 2011

Differentiation Formulas
dy
If Then (y ′ = dx
) Description
y=k y′ = 0 Derivative of a constant
(k is a constant)
y = kxn (k, n are y ′ = nkxn−1 The Power Rule
real numbers)
y = kf (x) y ′ = kf ′ (x) Derivative of a constant
times a function
y = f (x) + g(x) y ′ = f ′ (x) + g ′ (x) Derivative of a sum
y = f (x) − g(x) y ′ = f ′ (x) − g ′ (x) Derivative of a difference
y = u(x)v(x) y ′ = uv ′ + vu′ The Product Rule
u(x) vu′ − uv ′
y= v(x)
y′ = The Quotient Rule
v2
y = f (u(x)) y = f (u(x))u′ (x)
′ ′
The Chain Rule
y = ex y ′ = ex Derivative of
y = ln x y ′ = x1 exponential and
′ (x)
y = ln u(x) y ′ = uu(x) logarithmic functions

Derivatives and Integrals of Trigonometric Function

Z
d
[sin x] = cos x ⇔ cos x dx = sin x + C
dx
Z
d
[cos x] = − sin x ⇔ sin x dx = − cos x + C
dx
Z
d
[tan x] = sec2 x ⇔ sec2 x dx = tan x + C
dx
Z
d 2
[cot x] = − csc x ⇔ csc2 x dx = − cot x + C
dx
Z
d
[sec x] = sec x tan x ⇔ sec x tan x dx = sec x + C
dx
Z
d
[csc x] = − csc x cot x ⇔ csc x cot x dx = − csc x + C
dx

Newton’s Iteration Formula

f (xn )
xn+1 = xn − , n = 0, 1, 2, . . .
f ′ (xn )

Page 8 of 8