MA111: Linear Algebra and Calculus

Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment

School of Computing, Information and Mathematical Sciences

Final Examination

Semester II, 2018

Mode: Face to face & Online

Duration of Exam: 3 hours + 10 minutes

Reading Time: 10 minutes
Writing Time: 3 hours
Total Marks: 100

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. There are 6 questions and ALL are compulsory.

2. Start each question on a new page.
3. There are six (6) pages (including this cover page) in this exam paper.
4. Show all necessary working. Partial marks will be awarded for partially
correct answers. Write legibly.
5. Only non-programmable calculators are allowed.
6. This exam is worth 60% of your overall mark. To be considered for a clear
pass in this course, you must achieve at least 40 out of 100 in this final ex-
amination.
 MA111 Final Exam Semester II, 2018

Question 1 ((3 + 3) + (5 + 3 + 2) = 16 marks)

(a) Find the value(s) of the constant k such that the system of linear equations:

x + ky = −1,
kx + y = 1

has

(i) no solution;
(ii) infinitely many solution.

(b) The figure shows the flow of traffic through a network of streets.

(i) Setup and solve this system for xi , i = 1, 2, · · · , 5.

(ii) Find the traffic flow when x3 = 0 and x5 = 100.
(iii) If all the directions are reversed in the figure above, discuss what hap-
pens..

Question 2 ((1 + 4 + 5) + (3 + 3 + 4) = 20 marks)

(a) Consider the following system of linear equations.

x = 3
y = 0
x+y+z = 1

(i) Write the system in the form Ax = b.

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 MA111 Final Exam Semester II, 2018

(ii) Find the inverse of A using the Gauss-Jordan ellimination.

(iii) Find the inverse of A using the determinant and the adjoint of A, i.e.,

1
A −1 = adj( A).
det( A)

Check that your answer coincides with your answer in part (ii).

(b) Consider the system of linear equations Ax = b where

   
1 0 0 3
A = 0 1 0 , and b = 0 .
1 1 1 1

(i) Find the LU-factorization of A.

(ii) Solve the system using the LU-factorization method.
(iii) Solve the system using Cramer’s Rule. Check that your answer concides
with your answer in (ii).

Question 3 ((3 + 3) + (2 + 2 + 3) = 13 marks)

 
−2 4
(a) For the matrix A = , find:
1 1

(i) the eigenvalues of A;

(ii) the corresponding eigenvectors.

(b) Let A be an n × n matrix, and I be an n × n identity matrix.

(i) Let A be an idempotent matrix, that is, A2 − A = 0, where 0 is an n × n

matrix of zero entries. Then it can be shown that either A is invertible,
or non-invertible.
(1) Show that A is invertible, in which case A = I.
(2) Show that A is non-invertible, in which case A = 0.

(ii) If A is idempotent, show that I − 2A = ( I − 2A)−1 .

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 MA111 Final Exam Semester II, 2018

Question 4 ((3 + 3) + 4 + (3 + 3 + 3) = 18 marks)

(a) Evaluate the following limits:
√
x2 + x
(i) lim
x →−∞ 5 + 3x
√
x−1
(ii) lim
x →1 x − 1

1
(b) Find the domain of f ( x ) = √ .
x−1

(c) Consider the piecewise function


−2x + 1,
 if x < 0
f ( x ) = 1, if 0 ≤ x < 1.

2x − 1, if x ≥ 1


i) Find lim f ( x ) if it exists.

x →0

ii) Show that f is continuous at x = 1.

iii) Sketch the graph of f ( x ).

Question 5 (4 + 5 + 6 = 15 marks)
√
(a) Use the definition of derivative to differentiate f ( x ) = πx.

ex
(b) Find an equation of the tangent line to the graph of the function y =
1 + ln x
at the point where x = 1.

(c) For the function f ( x ) = 2x3 − 15x2 + 36x, find all critical values and de-
termine whether each represents a relative maximum, relative minimum or
neither. Then calculate the absolute extrema on the interval [1, 5].

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 MA111 Final Exam Semester II, 2018

Question 6 (4 + (2 + 5) + (3 + 3) = 17 marks)
dy
(a) Use implicit differentiation to find , if x3 y5 + 3x = 8y3 + 1.
dx

(b) Let f ( x ) = x3 − x + 1.

(i) Use the Intermediate Value Theorem to show that f ( x ) has a root in the
interval [−2, −1].
(ii) Starting at x0 = −1, use the Newton’s Method to approximate the real
solution of f ( x ).

(c) Evaluate the following integrals using appropriate substitutions.

Z  4
(i) x2 3 − 10x3 dx

x
Z
(ii) √ dx
1 − 4x2

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 MA111 Final Exam Semester II, 2018

Formulae
f ( xn )
1) xn+1 = xn − , n≥1
f  ( xn )

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