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Electrical Bus System and Substation Layout
Electrical Bus System and Substation Layout
The main criteria’s to be considered during selection of one particular Bus – Bar Arrangement Scheme
among others
(i) Simplicity of system
(ii) Easy maintenance of different equipments.
(iii) Minimizing the outage during maintenance.
(iv) Future provision of extension with growth of demand
(v) Optimizing the selection of bus bar arrangement scheme so that it gives maximum return from the system.
Some very commonly used bus bar arrangement are discussed below
As in the case of single bus system, maintenance of equipment of any bay cannot be possible without interrupting
the feeder or transformer connected to that bay.
The use of isolator for bus sectionalizing does not fulfill the purpose. The isolators have to be operated ‘off circuit’
and which is not possible without total interruption of bus – bar. So investment for bus-coupler breaker is required.
The arrangement does not permit breaker maintenance with out interruption.
Switching operation for transferring a feeder to transfer bus from main bus without
interruption of power
(i) First close the isolators at both side of the bus coupler breaker.
(ii) Then close the bypass isolator of the feeder which is to be transferred to transfer bus.
(iii) Now energized the transfer bus by closing the bus coupler circuit breaker from remote.
(iv) After bus coupler breaker is closed, now the power from main bus flows to the feeder line through its main
breaker as well as bus coupler breaker via transfer bus.
(v) Now if main breaker of the feeder is switched off, total power flow will instantaneously shift to the bus coupler
breaker and hence this breaker will serve the purpose of protection for the feeder.
(vi) At last the operating personnel open the isolators at both sides of the main circuit breaker to make it isolated
from rest of the live system.
So it can be concluded that in Main & Transfer Bus System the maintenance of circuit breaker is possible without
any interruption of power. Because of this advantage the scheme is very popular for 33KV and 13KV system.
Double Bus System with Bypass Isolators
Electrical Substation
Step up Substation
Step up substations are associated with generating stations. Generation of power is limited to low voltage levels
due to limitations of the rotating alternators. These generating voltages must be stepped up for economical
transmission of power over long distance. So there must be a step up substation associated with generating
station.
The primary step down sub stations are created nearer to load center along the primary transmission lines. Here
primary transmission voltages are stepped down to different suitable voltages for secondary transmission purpose.
Distribution Substation
Distribution Substation are situated where the primary distribution voltages are stepped down to supply voltages
for feeding the actual consumers through a distribution network.
Mining Substation
The mining substation are very special type of substation and they need special design construction because of
extra precautions for safety needed in the operation of electric supply.
Mobile Substation
The mobile Substations are also very special purpose sub – station temporarily required for construction purpose.
For big construction purpose this Substation fulfils the temporary power requirement during construction work.
Depending upon the constructional feature categories of sub – station may be divided into following manner
Indoor Substation
The substations are constructed under roof is called indoor type substation. Generally 11KV and sometime 33KV
substation are of this type.
Underground Substation
The substation are situated at underground is called underground substation. In congested places where place for
constructing distribution substation is difficult to find out, one can go for underground sub – station scheme.