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BATCH 2023-24
SECOND YEAR PHYSICS
SUCCESS KEY NOTES
100%
SUCCESS
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
JAGADISH NARAYAN
LECTURER IN PHYSICS
9886205322, 8660434398
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7xVK4bmZNxbOoez8qJ3bOQ
II YEAR PHYSICS SUCCESS KEY NOTES – 2023-24
Where = absolute permittivity of free
space. = 8.854x10-12 C2N-1m-2 (farad /m)
CH-1: ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS ……………………….. (2)
8. Coulomb’s law in vector form. Explain
1. Name the device used to detect the
the terms. [A -2015]
charge on a body. [A-2022]
A:
A: Gold leaf electroscope.
2. Define SI unit of charge. [A -2015]
A: Coulomb: One coulomb is that charge
which when placed at a distance of 1 metre
from an equal and similar charge in air or
vacuum repels it with a force of 9109 N.
3. Write the SI unit of charge. [A -2014][S-
2016]
A: The SI unit of charge is Coulomb
4. How many electrons constitute 1 nC and
Let denote the force on due to ,
1 c charge?(or) how many electrons are
Then ……………. (1)
removed from a body to get a charge of 1
nC? [P-16] Where is the unit vector of from to
A: (1) Electrons and Let denote the force on due to ,
(2) Electrons. then ……….. (2)
5. Mention any two/three basic properties
Where is the unit vector of from to
of electric charge.[mqp][A-2018][A-2019]
Since
A: (1) Charge is the intrinsic property of
matter (2) Charge is additive (3) Charge is .
conserved (4) Charge is quantized This is Coulomb’s law in vector form.
6. Mention one method of charging a 9. How does the electrostatic force between
body.[S-2022] two point charges change, when a
A: conduction/friction dielectric medium is introduced between
7. Sate and explain Coulomb’s law in them?[A-2017][S-2022]
electrostatics. [A -2014] [P-2016] [P- A: The force between the point charges
2015] [S -2015][S-2017][A-2019][A-2020] decreases when dielectric medium is
A: Statement: “It states that, the force of introduced between them.
attraction or repulsion between two point 10. Write the SI unit of electric field.
charges is directly proportional to the A: newton per coulomb [ NC-1]
product of the charges and inversely 11. What is an electric dipole? [A -2016]
proportional to the square of the distance A: An electric dipole is a pair of equal and
between them and acts along line joining opposite point charges +q and –q separated
them .” by a small distance 2a.
Explanation: 12. Define dipole moment. Write its SI
unit.[P-2017] [A-2022]
A: Dipole moment is the product of one of
the charge ‘q’ and distance of separation
between the charges ‘ along the axis of
If q1 and q2 be the two point charges dipole.
separated by a distance r. The force of S I unit is coolomb metre [C-m]
attraction or repulsion is given by 13. Derive the expression for electric
filed along the axial line of an electric
dipole[A -2016][S-2017] [S-2023]
…………………..… (1) A:
Where k is proportionality constant. Consider an electric dipole of dipole
In SI system moment
Let P be a point at a distance from the The directions of and are as shown
centre of the dipole on the side of the
in figure. The components normal to the
charge .
dipole axis cancels and the components
The electric field due to –q is
along the dipole axis add up. The total
electric field is opposite to .
Where is the unit vector along the dipole
axis (-q to q)
Also the electric filed due to q is
or
Here
In vector form
The total flux through the sphere is
19. State Gauss law in electrostatics.
Derive an expression for electric field
due to a uniformly charged thin
spherical shell at a point outside and
But , the surface area of the
inside the spherical shell. [A -2014][S -
sphere.
2014][S-2018][A-2019]
A: Statement: “The total and outward
electric flux over a closed surface is equal to
times of the total charge enclosed by the
18. State Gauss law in electrostatics.
Derive an expression for electric field at surface”.
a point due to infinitely long uniformly i.e.
charged straight conductor using Gauss
law. [S -2015] [S-2016][S-2022] [A-2023]
Or –
If = and then
=
"One ampere is that current which on
flowing through two parallel infinitely long
conductors of negligible area of cross section
placed in free space at a distance of one
metre apart each other would produce a force
of length on each other.
The magnetic field at any point on the 15. Write thy expression for force per unit
conductor due to the current through the length between two straight parallel
current carrying conductors of infinite
conductor is
length. Hence define SI unit of current
The direction of the field is perpendicular
“ampere’. [A-2019]
to the plane of the paper and outward as
A. The force per unit length between two
given by right hand clasp rule.
straight parallel current carrying
Since the conductor ‘ in the magnetic field
conductors of infinite length is
produced by the force on the conductor
.
due to the is given by
Where are the current in the
Here conductors and d is the distance between
the parallel conductors and is the
…………. (1)
absolute permeability of the conductors.
The direction of the force is perpendicular to
and is directed towards .
Consider a rectangular coil of turns and area A which 23) The magnetic flux linked with a coil
is rotating in a uniform magnetic field ‘ ’ with uniform varies as . Find the
angular velocity then, the instantaneous magnitude of the emf induced at t=2s. [S-
flux at any instant through the coil is 2017]
Where ‘ is the angle between and area vector and
………………… (1)
From Faradays law, the induced emf is given by
24) Current in a coil falls from 2.5 A to 0.0
A in 0.1 second inducing an emf of 200 V.
calculate the value of self inductance. [A-
2015]
A: The magnitude of emf induced in a coil is
Thus the instantaneous value of the emf is
………………… (2)
Since
The
combined effect of resistance, inductance and Where is the
capacitance is called impedance expression for impedance of the LCR circuit
It is defined as the ratio of effective voltage to “The combined effect of resistance,
the effective current ( ) inductance and capacitance is called
Consider a pure resistance a pure impedance or It is defined as the ratio
inductance and a pure capacitance are of effective voltage to the effective current
connected in series with a AC source. AC ( )”.
voltage is represented by The current in the LCR circuit is
…………………………. (1)
Let be the charge on the capacitor and be
the current at time 10) Derive the expression for resonant
From Kirchhoff’s law, frequency of series circuit containing
Dividing by ,
14) Define power of a lens. How does the
power of a lens vary with its focal
length?[A-15][A-16][A-2017] [S-2020][A-2022]
If the object is placed at infinity, the final A: Power of a lens is defined reciprocal of its
image form at the principal focus, i.e. when focal length.
Power of the lens is inversely proportional to
or its focal length.
15) Two lenses of power +1.5 D and – 0.5 D are
………… (3)
kept in contact on their principal axis.
This is known as lens Maker’s formula What is the effective power of the
combination?[MQP]
13) Derive the expression for equivalent focal
length of two thin lenses kept in Effective power of the combination is
contact[A-16][Mqp][S-2018][A-2022]
A:
16) Define Linear Magnification of a convex
lens.[MQP]
or (or)
From equation (4), (or)
[From (3)]
………………. (4)
emitted photon when electron jumps from 7) What are nuclear forces? State any
n =3 state to n=2 state in H2 atm. Given three features of nuclear forces.[S-
( ) [MQP] 2014][A-2016][A-2018]
4) The first member of the Balmer series of A: “The forces which bind the protons and
hydrogen atom has wavelength of 656.3 neutrons together inside a nucleus are
nm. Calculate the wavelength and called nuclear forces”.
frequency of the second member of the Characteristics of nuclear forces:
same series. Given, C = 3×108 m/s.[A- a) Nuclear forces are the strongest forces
2017][MQP] than Coulomb force in nature.
5) The wavelength of the first line in the b) Nuclear forces are short-range forces
Balmer series of hydrogen atom is 6563 Ao. c) Nuclear force is negligibly small when
Calculate the wavelength and frequency of distance between nucleons is more than
the second member of same series. Given 10 Fermi. Thus the nuclear forces are
C=3x108 ms-1. [MQP][A-2022] saturation forces.
===================================== d) Nuclear forces are charge independent.
e) Nuclear forces are spin dependent.
CH-13: NUCLEI
f) Nuclear forces are exchange forces
1) Write the relation connecting the radius of g) Nuclear forces are non- central.
the nucleus and its mass number [P-2014] 8) Define mass defect and binding energy
A: Expression for Radius of the nucleus is of a nucleus. Write the relation
between them. [S-2022]
2) Define one atomic mass unit. [MQP] [P- A: Mass defect: The difference between
2015] the sum of the masses of the constituent
A: One amu: The amu is defined as of the nucleons of a nucleus and the mass of the
nucleus is called mass defect.
mass of the atom of carbon-12 (C-12)
Binding energy of a nucleus is defined as
isotope. i.e. 1 amu = mass of 1 atom the amount of energy required to separate
of C -12 isotope all the nucleons in it
Where is the radius of hydrogen nucleus. The relation between binding energy and
3) What are isotopes and isobars? Give mass defect is .
example[A-16][A-2022] Where is the mass defect and C is the
1. A: Isotopes: The nuclei with same speed of light.
atomic number but different mass 9) Define binding energy of a nucleus.
number are called isotopes. What is its significance? [A-2023]
Eg : 6 C 12, 6 C 13, 6 C 14. Binding energy of a nucleus is defined as
2. Isobars: The nuclei with same mass the amount of energy required to separate
number but different atomic number are all the nucleons in it.
called isobars.
Eg : 20 C 40, 16 C 40. Where is the mass defect and C is the
4) What are isotopes?[S-2014][S-2019] speed of light.
A: The nuclei with same atomic number but Significance of binding energy.
different mass number are called Binding energy per nucleon gives the
isotopes. stability of the nucleus. Larger the
of the sun and of stars. The hydrogen in 92U238 = 238.05079 u, Mass of 58Ce140 =
the core of the sun is the fuel for fusion 139.90543 u. [MQP]
reaction. The fusion involves multi-step 5) The mass of lithium-7 nucleus is 7.01022 u.
process in which the hydrogen is burned calculate the binding energy per nucleon.
into helium. Mass of proton = 1.00728 u and mass of
20) What is radioactivity? Mention neutron = 1.00867 u. [MQP]
radioactive rays.[MQP] 6) Calculate the mass defect, binding energy
The phenomenon of spontaneous and binding energy per nucleon of an alpha
emission of radiations by certain element particles ( )(or) helium nucleus in
[Heavy nuclei] is called radioactivity”.
The rays emitted during radioactivity are MeV from the following data.
called radioactive rays or Becquerel rays. Mass of Helium nucleus =4.00260 u
Three types of radioactive decay occur in Mass of proton = 1.007825 u
nature: Mass of neutron = 1.008662 u [S-2020] [M-
2023]
1. -decay in which a helium nucleus
7) Calculate the binding energy per nucleon
is emitted;
2. -decay in which electrons or positrons (in MeV) of the nucleus Given mass of
(particles with the same mass as and mass of
electrons, but with a charge exactly and mass of ;
opposite to that of electron) are emitted; MeV. [MQP].
3. -decay in which high-energy (hundreds 8) Calculate the energy released per gram mass
of or more) photons are emitted. of uranium in the following reaction.
===================================== + + + +
FIVE MARKS NUMERICAL PROBLEMS Energy
1) Calculate the BE and BE per nucleons (in Given rest mass of
MeV) of a nitrogen nucleus ((7N14)from the = 140.9178 amu = 91.8854 amu and
following data. = 1.0087 amu. [MQP]
Mass of proton = 1.00783 u, Mass of neutron
= 1.00867 u and Mass of nitrogen nucleus ====================================
= 14.00307 u [A-2014]
2) Calculate the Binding energy and binding CH-14: SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS:
energy per nucleon of an oxygen nucleus MATERIALS, DEVICES AND SIMPLE
using the following data(MeV): 1) Distinguish between conductors,
Mass of proton = 1.007825 u semiconductors and insulators on the
Mass of neutron = 1.008665 u basis of band theory of solids. (or)
Mass of oxygen nucleus = 15.995 u. [S-2017] Classify solids on the basis of energy
3) A Copper coin has a mass 63.0 gram, bands (or) Explain the formation of
Calculate the nuclear energy that would be conductors, semiconductors and
required to separate all the neutrons and insulators on the basis of energy
protons from each other. Assume that the bands.[P-14]A-14] .[P-15][A-15][P-16]
coin is entirely made of 29Cu63 atoms of mass [MQP][A-2019]
= 62.92960 u. A: Based on the energy bands, solids can be
Given: Avogadro number = 6.023x1023 classified into three categories namely,
mass of proton mp = 1.00727 u and conductors, insulators and
mass of neutron mn = 1.00866 u. semiconductors.
[MQP][A-2020]
II. Fill in the blanks by choosing appropriate answer given in the brackets for ALL the
following questions: 5×1=5
(microscope, electrons, iron, negative, negative charge, holes )
16. If a glass rod is rubbed with silk, silk get-------------------------------- charged.
17. In diamagnetic substances susceptibility is ---------------------
18. -------------------is an optical instrument which forms a magnified image of very small
objects held close to the eye.
19. The binding energy per nucleon is maximum for --------------------------
20. In a p type semiconductor, __________ are minority carriers.
PART-B
III. Answer any FIVE of the following questions: 5 X 2=10
21. Write an expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor and explain the terms.
22. When does the force experienced by a charged particle moving in uniform magnetic field
become maximum and minimum?
23. What is magnetic susceptibility? For which material is it low and positive?
24. What is an AC generator? On which principle it works?
25. What is the power factor of ac circuit containing (1) pure resistor and (2) pure inductor
26. Mention two characteristics of electromagnetic waves.
27. State Huygens’s principle of wavefront.
28. Write two limitations of Bohr’s postulates.
29. What are isotope and isobars?
PART-C
IV. Answer any FIVE of the following questions: 5 X 3=15
30. Derive an expression for electric field at a point due to infinitely long uniformly charged
straight conductor using Gauss law.
31. Derive equivalent form of ohm’s law or derive
32. State and explain Biot Savart’s law.
33. Write any three differences between diamagnetic and paramagnetic material.
34. State and explain Lenz’s law.
35. Derive the expression for equivalent focal length of two thin lenses kept in contact
36. What are the various observations of the Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering
experiment?
37. Calculate the binding energy per nucleon (in MeV) of the nucleus Given mass of
and mass of and mass of ; MeV.
38. Distinguish between n type and p type semiconductors.
PART – D
IV. Answer any THREE of the following questions. 3× 5 =15
39. Derive an expression for electric potential due to an electric dipole.
40. Derive the condition for balance of the Wheatstone’s bridge using Kirchhoff’s rules.
41. Derive an expression for force between two infinitely long current carrying wires and hence
define one ampere.
42. (i) What is interference of light? (1)
(ii) Write the conditions (or) relation between path difference and wavelength of light
used for construction and destructive interference. (4)
43. (i) Write Einstein’s equation of photoelectric effect and explain the terms (2)
(ii) Explain three facts of photoelectric effect using Einstein’s photoelectric equation. (3)
44. What is rectification? With neat diagram explain the working of full wave rectifier. Draw
input and output waveform
VI. Answer any TWO of the following questions. 2 × 5 = 10
45. Two point charges and are located 20 cm apart in air. (A) What is the electric
field at the midpoint of the line joining the two charges? (B) If a negative test charge 1.9
nC is placed at the point what is the force experienced by the test charge?
46. A wire having length 2.0 m, diameter 1.0 m and resistivity 1.963x10 -8 m is connected in
series with a battery of emf 3 V and internal resistance 1 Ω. Calculate the resistance of the
wire and current in the circuit.
47. A sinusoidal voltage of peak value 283 V and frequency 50 Hz is applied to a series LCR
circuit in which R=3 Ω, L=25.48 mH and C=786 . Find (i) impedance of the circuit (ii) the
phase difference between the voltage and the current and (iii) the power factor.
48. Two lenses of focal length 0.20 m and 0.50 m are kept in contact. Find the focal length of
the combination. Calculate powers of the lenses and power of the combination.
***************
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7xVK4bmZNxbOoez8qJ3bOQ
JAGADISH NARAYAN (NJ)-GPUC, SANTHEMALA, BANNUR-9886205322, 8660434398 53