COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
LEC | PHAR – 2C | 2ND SEM | Ma’am Abigail G. Eblacas
INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
• Traditional or orthodox medicine
• Physical examinations
• X-rays
• Other tests to aid in diagnosis or treatments
• Surgical techniques
• Prescription drugs
INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
• Healing-oriented medicine that takes account of
the whole person, including all aspects of life
• Combines conventional medicine with CAM
practices that have shown through to be safe
and effective
COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
• Used TOGETHER WITH conventional
medicine
• Aromatherapy after surgery
• Massage to aid a patient with anxiety
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
• Used IN PLACE OF conventional medicine
• Acupuncture to treat pain
• Chiropractic medicine to treat not only back
and skeletal/muscle conditions but to treat
diseases
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE
Group of diverse medical and health care practices and
products that are not presently considered to be part
of conventional medicine (NCCIH - National Center for
Complementary and Integrative Health)
PHILOSOPHY OF CAM
• Focuses on empowering the individual to accept
responsibility for at least a part of the task of
recovery and future health maintenance
• Emphasizes sound nutrition as a core
requirement for health
• Recommends a balanced lifestyle, adequate and
appropriate exercise, rest, sleep and relaxation as
prerequisite for a state of good health
• Attempts to ensure detoxification and the
efficacy of the organs and systems of the body
• Recognizes the importance of the
musculoskeletal system as a potential source of
Interference with nerve transmission and the
body’s energy pathways, and as a reflection of
the individuals internal physical and emotional
state
• Most importantly, treats the individual instead of
his or her symptoms
ROLE OF PHARMACISTS IN CAM
ROLE OF PHARMACISTS
• Acknowledge and seek out information about
patients’ CAM use
• Increase knowledge based about CAM to have
a basic understanding of what various products
do and what their risks are
• Help patients use CAM appropriately and
safely
• Have knowledge of when patients who use
CAM experience adverse drug events, and report
them appropriately
• Educate patients about CAM and its potential
risks and benefits
• Collaborate with other health care professionals
to ensure a safe and effective use of CAM
TYPES OF CAM
TYPES OF CAM (US NCCIH)
• Mind-body medicine
• Biological-based practices
• Manipulative and body-based methods
• Energy medicine
• Whole medical systems
MIND-BODY MEDICINE
• Focuses on a communication system between
the mind and body, in an attempt to affect the
mind’s ability to improve health status
• Examples: meditation, yoga, hypnosis,
biofeedback, faith and spiritual healing
BIOLOGICAL-BASED PRACTICES
• Uses a variety of natural techniques to
maintain health and/or treat diseases
• Uses botanicals (fresh or dried plants, plant
parts, chemicals extracted from plants, herbs,
spices), minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, proteins
and probiotics
A.WARITH RIGA
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
LEC | PHAR – 2C | 2ND SEM | Ma’am Abigail G. Eblacas
MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED METHODS
• Rely on the belief that health can be improved
through physical manipulation of the body
• Examples: massage, chiropractic therapy,
reflexology
ENERGY MEDICINE
• Energy therapies, energy health therapies
• A technique that involves channeling healing
energy through the hands of a practitioner into
the client’s body to restore a normal energy
balance, and therefore health.
• Examples: qigong, reiki, therapeutic touch,
bioelectromagnetic therapy
“To lead in the research and development promotion
and advocacy and development of standards on
T&CM; and we ensure its accessibility, availability,
sustainability and integration into the national health
care system”
TAMA 1977
• Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act
• December 9, 1997
• Senator Juan Flavier
SEC. 3. OBJECTIVES – THE OBJECTIVES OF
THIS ACT ARE AS FOLLOWS

WHOLE MEDICAL SYSTEM

• Alternative medical systems
• Healing systems and beliefs that have evolved
over time in different cultures and parts of the
world
• Examples: Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Homeopathic and Naturopathic
Medicine
PITAHC

• Philippine Institute of Traditional and

Alternative Health Care
• Attached to the Department of Health
• R.A. 8423- Traditional and Alternative
Medicine Act (TAMA)
• Formulates standards, guidelines and codes of
ethical practice of traditional and alternative
health care
• Manufacture, quality control and marketing
of different traditional and alternative health care
materials, natural organic products, for approval
and adoption by the appropriate government
agencies
• Mandated to improve the quality and delivery
of health care services to the Filipino people
through the development of traditional and
alternative health care and its integration into the
national health care delivery system
VISION
“People’s health through traditional and alternative
health care”
MISSION

A.WARITH RIGA
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
LEC | PHAR – 2C | 2ND SEM | Ma’am Abigail G. Eblacas
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
BOARD OF TRUSTEES COMPOSITION: CHED
Representative of the following industries/sectors:
✓ 1 physician who is engaged in the practice of
traditional and alternative health care
✓ 1 member from a duly recognized
academe/research institution engaged in
traditional and alternative health care research
✓ 1 traditional and alternative health care
practitioner who is not a physician
Representative of the following industries/sectors:
✓ 1 biomedical/ allopathic western medical
practitioner preferably from the Philippine
Medical Association
✓ 1 member from the natural food industry and/or
organic food industry
✓ 1 member from and environmental sector
organization
✓ The 6 members shall be appointed by the
President of the Philippines upon the
recommendation of the Secretary of Health
✓ 2 members shall have a term of 3 years
✓ Second 2 members shall have a term of 2 years
✓ Third 2 members shall have a term of 1 year
STANDARDS AND ACCREDETION GUIDELINES
OF PITAHC
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Vvn-
1_SDojBpT3bIbxtJ4pd9b2bcB0QB
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE MODALITIES
Refer to other forms of non-allopathic, occasionally
non-indigenous or imported healing methods, though
not necessarily practiced for centuries nor handed down
from one generation to another; includes reflexology,
acupuncture, massage, acupressure, chiropractic,
nutritional therapy, yoga, tai chi, qi gong, prayer,
reiki, pranic healing, mindfulness meditation,
biofeedback, hypnosis, dance and other movement
therapies, art and music therapy and other similar
methods.
BIOMEDICINE
That discipline of medical care advocating therapy with
remedies that produce effects differing from those of the
diseases treated; also called ‘allopathy’, ‘western
medicine’, ‘regular medicine’, ‘conventional
medicine’, ‘mainstream medicine’, ‘orthodox
medicine’, or ‘cosmopolitan medicine’.
HERBAL MEDICINE
Includes herbs, herbal materials, herbal preparations and
finished herbal products, that contain parts of plants, or
other plant materials, or combinations.as active
ingredients
PRE-CLINICAL STUDIES
Refer to in vitro and/or in vivo tests that are done to
determine the biological or toxicological property of a
test substance. These studies are pre-requisite to human
studies.
CLINICAL STUDIES
• Refer to studies involving human subjects
• Aimed at determining safety and/or efficacy of
a test substance
• Includes studies to determine the dosage range
or the disposition of the test substance in the
human body
NATIONAL CERTIFICATION
A.WARITH RIGA
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
LEC | PHAR – 2C | 2ND SEM | Ma’am Abigail G. Eblacas
Process of issuing certificates requiring education and • ON: Ngai camphor
testing that assures the competency of practitioners • Diuretic
and trainers, administered by PITAHC and other • Contains camphor, borneol and limonene
PITAHC accredited institutions. TSAANG GUBAT (Carmona retusa)
NATIONAL ACCREDITION
• ON: Fukien tea tree, forest tree
Process of issuing certificates to training program,
• Antidiarrheal
centers and clinics upon compliance with a prescribed
• Leaves contain epigallocatechin gallate,
set of requirements
microphyllone
ULASIMANG BATO (Peperomia pellucida)
TEN MEDICINAL PLANTS APPROVED BY THE
DOH • ON: Pansit-pansitan
• Decreases uric acid in gouty arthritis
AKAPULKO (Cassia alata) • Contains secolignans
• ON: katanda, andadasi, palochina, ringworm YERBA BUENA (Mentha cordifolia)
bush or shrub • ON: peppermint
• Antifungal: fungal infections (ringworm, • Analgesic, carminative
scabies, athlete’s foot) • Pulegnone, menthol menthane
• Leaves contain alatirone, chrysophanicacid
(anthraquinone)
• Warning: A strong decoction of Akapulko leaves
is an abortifacient. Pregnant women should not
take this decoction of the leaves or any part of
the plant

AMPALAYA (Momordica Charantia)

• ON: bitter melon, bitter gourd
• Hypoglycemic (Diabetes mellitus)
• Fruits contain momordicoside (saponin)

BAWANG (Allium Sativum)

• ON: garlic, ahos, nectar of the gods, stinking
rose
• Lowers cholesterol; reduces risks of HTN
• Bulbs contain Alliin and Allicin (organosulfur
glycosides)
BAYABAS (Psidium Guavaja)
• ON: Guava
• Antibacterial and Astringent
• Leaves contain hydrolysable tannins and
benzophenone glycosides
NIYOG-NOIYOGAN (Quisqualis Indica)
• ON: Chinese honey suckles
• Anthelminthic
• Seeds contain Quiscalic acid
LAGUNDI (Vitex Negundo)
• ON: Five-leaved chaste tree
• For Cough
• Leaves contain sabinene (volatile oil) and
nishindine (alkaloid)
SAMBONG (Blumea balsimefera)

A.WARITH RIGA