OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

College of Pharmacy

Module I:
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
and Integrative Medicine

COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

PCAM 211

WEEK 1-Day 2
 ACTIVITY FOR WEEK 1 DAY 2

1. Attend Online Lecture via Zoom Meeting

Topic: Complementary and Alternative Medicine
and Integrative Medicine
Duration: 1 hour

2. Please answer Assignment no. 1 in Canvas on Week 1

Day 3

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 UNIT OUTCOMES

At the end of the session, student should be able to:

◉ Define Complementary, alternative Medicine
◉ Identify the different domains of complementary
medicine
◉ Define Integrative Medicine
◉ Demonstrate familiarization with the terminologies

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 CHECKLIST

◉ Read course guide

◉ Read lecture notes prior to online lecture
◉ Read required learning materials
◉ Participate in discussion board in Canvas
◉ Answer and submit course unit tasks

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 COMPLEMENTARY AND
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE &
INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
What is conventional medicine?
• It is a system in which
medical doctors and other
health care professionals
treat symptoms and
diseases using drugs,
radiation of surgery.

https://www.cancer.gov
What is complementary medicine?
• The word "complementary"
means "in addition to."
Complementary medicine is
a term used for a wide
variety of health care
practices that may be used
along with standard medical
treatment.

• Being used together with

conventional medicine
What is Alternative medicine?
• Alternative medicine is the term for medical products
and practices that are not part of standard care.

• Standard care is what medical doctors, doctors of

osteopathy, and allied health professionals, such as
nurses and physical therapists, practice.

• Used in place of conventional medicine

Complementary &
Alternative Medicine
• is used to describe group of diverse medical
and health care systems, practices and
products that have historic origins outside
mainstream medicine.
- Generally incorporates a holistic approach,
focusing on treating the whole body and the
mind.

- Used widely throughout the world

Complementary &
Alternative Medicine
• They have been used/ practiced for years
• Some are subject to regulations (food
supplements)
• Many forms of alternative medicine are
rejected by conventional medicine because
the efficacy of the treatments has not been
demonstrated through double-blind
randomized controlled trials
 Major Domains of Complementary &
Alternative Medicine
1.Manipulative and body-based practices
2.Energy medicine
3.Mind-body medicine
4.Biological based therapy
1. Manipulative and body-
based practice
• A type of therapy in which the therapist
moves or manipulates one or more parts
of the patient’s body. It may be used to
treat pain, stress, anxiety, and depression,
and for general well-being.
1. Manipulative and body-
based practice

• Manipulative and body-based practices

focus primarily on the structures and
systems of the body, including the bones
and joints, the soft tissues, and the
circulatory and lymphatic systems.
2. Energy Medicine
• Energy Medicine is a word coined by three researchers
who gathered at Boulder, Colorado, USA in the late 1980s.

• This is defined as any energetic or informational

interaction with a biological system to bring back
homeostasis in the organism.
3. Mind-body medicine

• Focuses on "the interactions among the brain,

mind, body, and behavior, and the powerful
ways in which emotional, mental, social,
spiritual, and behavioral factors can directly
affect health
 4. Biologically based Practices

- use substances found in nature, such as

herbs, foods, and vitamins. Some examples
include dietary supplements, herbal
products, and the use of other so–called
natural but as yet scientifically unproven
therapies
CAM and the Use of Herbal
Medicines
Herbal therapy is used by 12-14% of the US
population, up from less than 5% in 90s.

15-20% of patients taking prescription

medications also take herbal remedies.
DOMAIN OF CAM EXAMPLES

1. Manipulative and body-based Chiropractic and osteopathic

practice manipulation, massage therapy

2. Energy Medicine Magnet therapy, colorpuncture,

and light therapy

3. Mind Body Medicine Tai Chi, Yoga, Meditation

4. Biologically based practice Botanical Products, Probiotics,

Functional Foods
Commonly used
CAM
1. Acupuncture
2. Herbal medicine
3. Manual manipulation treatments
4. Meditation
5. Yoga
6. tai chi
7. Deep breathing exercises
Identify this CAM
Identify this CAM
Identify this CAM
Identify this CAM
Identify this CAM
“Herbal remedies are not
to be taken lightly”
REASONS FOR USING CAM
WHY ARE PEOPLE TURNING AWAY
FROM MAINSTREAM MEDICINE ?
CAM offer optimism or greater personal
attention (Time , Talk and Touch)
"CAM is less expensive (have fewer side
effects?) and is more easily accessible "
Patient has “self-help” approach to health
and wellness
It satisfies a search for “NATURAL” or less
invasive alternatives
Promise of “MIRACLE CURES” and quick
results
 WHY ARE PEOPLE TURNING AWAY
FROM CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE ?
• Symptoms often poorly controlled by
conventional care, particularly back
pain and other painful musculoskeletal
complaints, anxiety, and insomnia.

Failure or dissatisfaction with

conventional health provider
WHY ARE PEOPLE TURNING AWAY
FROM CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE ?
High health costs
To treat side effects of drugs and
treatment
Focus on spirituality and emotional well
being
Ignorance and inadequate knowledge
regarding disease .
THE SAFETY OF ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE

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 THE SAFETY OF COMPLEMENTARY &
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
• Understanding that “natural” does not necessarily mean harmless
• While most CAM therapies are safe, many have side effects or can
interfere with standard medical prescriptions.
• Problems often arise when people take large amounts of natural
supplements thinking that "more is better",
• Problem may also arise when people take supplements along with
standard medications without first checking to see if mixing treatments in
this fashion might cause problems.
• Supplement quality is also a concern.
https://www.mentalhelp.net/alternative-medicine/the-safety-of-
alternative-medicine/ 34
INTRODUCTION TO
INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
Integrative Medicine – is practicing
medicine in a way that selectively
incorporates elements of Complementary
and Alternative Medicine into
comprehensive treatment plans
alongside methods of diagnosis and
treatment.
Integrative medicine
• It focus on health and healing rather than
disease and treatment.
• It may use a wide range of orthodox and
complementary therapies.
• It also involves patients and practitioners to
maintain health by paying attention to
environmental and lifestyle factors.
The Defining Principles of Integrative
Medicine
1. Patient and practitioner are partners in the
healing process.
2. All factors that influence health, wellness, and
disease are taken into consideration,
including mind, spirit, and community, as well
as the body.
3. Appropriate use of both conventional and
alternative methods facilitates the body's
innate healing response.
The Defining Principles of Integrative
Medicine
4. Effective interventions that are natural and less
invasive should be used whenever possible.
5. Integrative medicine neither rejects
conventional medicine nor accepts alternative
therapies uncritically.
The Defining Principles of Integrative
Medicine
6. Good medicine is based in good science. It is inquiry-driven
and open to new paradigms.

7. Alongside the concept of treatment, the broader concepts of

health promotion and the prevention of illness are paramount.

8. Practitioners of integrative medicine should exemplify its

principles and commit themselves to self-exploration and self-
development.
 POP QUIZ

___________Refers to non-mainstream practices

used together with conventional medicine

___________ Refers to non-mainstream practices

used instead of conventional medicine.

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•__________________________ This refers to health
care that uses all appropriate therapeutic
approaches—conventional and non-
mainstream—within a framework that focuses on
health, the therapeutic relationship, and the
whole person.
Definition of Terms
1. Traditional medicine
2. Biomedicine
3. Herbal medicines
4. Natural product
5. Traditional healers
6. Homeopathy
Traditional medicine
• Traditional medicine refers to
health practices, approaches,
knowledge and beliefs
incorporating plant, animal
and mineral based medicines,
spiritual therapies, manual
techniques and exercises,
applied singularly or in
combination to treat,
diagnose and prevent illnesses
or maintain well-being.
Traditionally used Herbal Products
• preparations from plant materials
whose application is based on
traditional experience of long usage of
at least five (5) decades as
documented in medical, historical and
ethnological literature
• do not contain chemically defined
therapeutically active substance(s)
• classified as food supplements/herbal
medicines
46
Biomedicine
• A system in which medical doctors and other
healthcare professionals (such as nurses,
pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and
diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery.

• Also called allopathic medicine, conventional

medicine, mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine,
and Western medicine.
• https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-
terms/def/biomedicine
Herbal medicines
• Finished, labelled,
medicinal products
that contain as active
ingredient/s serial or
underground part/s of
plant or other materials
or combination thereof,
whether in the crude
state or as plant
preparations.
Natural product
• those foods that grow
spontaneously in nature whether
or not they are tended by man.
• It also refers to foods that have
been prepared from grains,
vegetables, fruits, nuts, meats,
fish, eggs, honey, raw milk, and
the like, without the use or
addition of additives,
preservatives, artificial colors
and flavors, or manufactured
chemicals of any sort after
harvest or slaughter.
Traditional healers
•the relatively old, highly
respected people with
a profound knowledge
of traditional remedies.
Homeopathy
• Based on treating a
disease
• Uses various plants,
synthetic materials,
mineral substances diluted
in alcohol or distilled water
• Contain water and
alcohol, the use of toxic
material is rare
Ayurvedic Medicine
• Originated in India thousands of years
ago
• Ayurveda believes in preventing disease
• In Ayurveda, it is believed that one can
remain free from any disease by keeping
toxins out of the body
• It also employs both oral medicines
made from herbs and spices and
surgical procedures to flush the toxins out
of the body
 REFERENCES:

◉ https://nunm.edu/research/biologically-based-practices/
◉ https://www.nccih.nih.gov/
◉ https://homeopathyusa.org/
◉ fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-
documents/complementary-and-alternative-medicine-
products-and-their-regulation-food-and-drug-administration#ii
◉ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068720/
◉ https://integrativemedicine.arizona.edu/about/definition.html

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 ACTIVITIES for WEEK 1 DAY 3

1. Please take Quiz no. 2, topic: Complementary and Alternative

Medicine and Integrative Medicine. You have 20 minutes to
complete this quiz once you have started this
● Questions : 20 questions
● Time Limit : 20 minutes
2. Please participate in Canvas Discussion Board no. 3 on Week 1
Day 3.
3. Please answer study questions
4. Please read RA 8423 – TAMA Act of 1997

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 Thanks!

ANY QUESTIONS?

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