Procedure No : FT/23-24/LPE/TK-001

TECHNO FAB ENGINEERS

Rev.:01
LIQUID PENETRANT
Date:11-01-2024
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

CERTIFICATION

We hereby certify that this

PROCEDURE FOR LIQUID PENETRANT
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

PREPARED BY APPROVED BY REVIEWED BY

(MANSUKH DODIYA)
(ASNT LEVEL-II)

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 Procedure No : FT/23-24/LPE/TK-001
TECHNO FAB ENGINEERS
Rev.:01
LIQUID PENETRANT
Date:11-01-2024
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

1.0 Scope

1.1. This document covers the procedure examination by colour contrast Solvent Removable penetrant
and Wet Non-Aqueous Developer, for detecting discontinuities that are open to surface of Non porous
materials (Rolled, forged, cast and other materials) and welds of any shape or size and to the extent
as required by Drawing or Specification.

1.2. Discontinuities open to the surface such as Cracks, Seams, Laps, Laminations, through leaks and Lack
of Fusion are examples of Linear Indication that can be detected by this method. Porosity is example
of Rounded Indications detected by this method.

1.3. This procedure shall be used as specified in the QAP.

1.4. The minimufn & maximum time applicable for solvent removable method shall be as establish in this
written procedure (see Table No. 2).

2.0 Qualifications of Personnel

2.1 All examination personnel shall be qualified and certified in accordance with applicable edition of
recommended practice SNT-TC-1A.

2.2 All personnel conducting Liquid Penetrant examination shall be minimum certified to PT NDE Level I.
The scope of certification of the personnel shall be visible dye penetrant technique.

2.3 Interpretation, Evaluation and preparation of reports shall be done by certified PT NDE Level-II or
Level- III Personnel. The scope of certification of the personnel shall be visible dye penetrant technique.

3.0 Reference Standards

ASME Section VIII Division 1 Ed 2019,

ASME Section V, Article 6 Ed 2019
API 650. (Latest Edition)
ASME Section I (2019 Edition) TF written practice TF/23-24/LPE/TK-001 Rev No.00 (Latest Revision)
SNT - TC - 1A (2006/16 Edition)

4.0 TECHNIQUE RESTRICTIONS

4.1 Intermixing of penetrant material from different families or different manufacturers is strictly
prohibited. A family of liquid penetrant examination material consists of applicable penetrants, cleaning
solvent, developer and remover as recommended by manufacturer.

4.2 Certification of contaminant content shall be obtained for all liquid penetrant materials used on nickel
base alloys, austenitic or duplex stainless steels & titanium prior to use.

4.2.1 When examining Nickel base alloy, sulfur content shall not exceed 1% by weight.

4.2.2 When examining austenitic or duplex stainless steels & titanium, halogen (chlorine+ fluorine) content
shall not exceed 1% by weight.

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 Procedure No : FT/23-24/LPE/TK-001
TECHNO FAB ENGINEERS
Rev.:01
LIQUID PENETRANT
Date:11-01-2024
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

4.3 Penetrant materials certification shall include manufacturer's batch numbers and test results.

5.0 Approved Penetrant Materials

6.0 Surface Preparation

6.1 Satisfactory results may be obtained when the surface of the part is in the as Welded, as Rolled or as
Forged condition. If needed, grinding, machining may be used to remove surface irregularities which may
mask indications of unacceptable discontinuities.

6.1.1 Mechanical cleaning & surface conditioning processes like filing, buffing, grinding, machining etc.
may decrease the effectiveness of penetrant examination by smearing or peening over metal surface &
filling discontinuities open to the surface in soft metals such as Aluminum, Titanium, Magnesium and
Beryllium alloy. Hence above mentioned mechanical cleaning processes shall be avoided on soft materials.
If required acid etching shall follow the mechanical cleaning operations.

6.2 Surface to be tested and the adjacent area within one inch (In case of Weld 35 mm distance from the
Weld edges) shall be free from Dirt, Grease, Lint, Scale, welding flux, weld spatter, Paint, Oil and any
other extraneous matter that could obscure surface opening or interface with the test result.

6.3 Suitable cleaning materials, which may be used, are Detergents, Organic Solvent, De-scaling solutions,
degreasing and Paint removers.

6.4 Precautionary measures shall be taken for the removal of residue of cleaning agents used for surface
conditioning, which may affect the test results.

7.0 Pre-cleaning

7.1 After adequate conditioning (if required) of the surface as given in clause 6.0, thoroughly pre-clean
the test area with P-MET PC 120 cleaner. Allow the surface to dry for two minutes by normal evaporation.
The maximum drying time shall not be more than 15 minutes.

8.0 Temperature

8.1 Temperature of the Part and Penetrant materials shall be maintained between 50°F to 125°F (10°C to
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 Procedure No : FT/23-24/LPE/TK-001
TECHNO FAB ENGINEERS
Rev.:01
LIQUID PENETRANT
Date:11-01-2024
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

52°C). The part temperature may be checked by the touching and sensing with hands. If any doubt arises,
regarding the surface temp, then the part/penetrant temp shall be checked using a suitable thermometer.
The part/penetrant may be heated or cooled to the required range in case of temperature found out of range.

9.0 Application of Penetrant

9.1 Apply liquid Penetrant immediately after drying time is over on the surface to be examined to cover the
area adequately as per Table-1.

9.2 Visually examine the surface for adequate coverage of Penetrant over the entire area till the minimum
dwell time is elapsed. If required apply more Penetrant. Do not allow the Penetrant to form a pool.

9.3 Allow the Penetrant on the surface of part a minimum dwell time of 10 minutes and not more than 30
minutes.

10.0 Excess Penetrant Removal

10.1 After the specified dwell time is elapsed, remove the excess Penetrant by wiping with a clean, dry, lint
free cloth and repeatedly wipe the surface until most traces of Penetrant are removed.

10.2 The remaining traces shall be removed by lightly wiping the surface with a cloth moistened with
solvent remover only.

10.3 Excess solvent shall not be used for moistening the cloth with, which may remove Penetrant from the
discontinuities.

10.4 Flushing the area with Solvent for the purpose of Penetrant removal is prohibited.

11.0 Drying

 Allow the part to dry after excess Penetrant removal by normal evaporation for 3 minutes.

12.0 Application of Developer

 Apply Developer Immediately after drying, but not before 3 minutes. The Maximum time interval
between excess penetrant removal and the application of developer shall be 30 minutes. Apply the
Developer on the part surface by spraying only, so as to achieve a reasonable uniform thin coating
on the examined surface. Thoroughly shake the spray bottles before applying developers,
Manufacturer recommendation shall be strictly followed.

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 Procedure No : FT/23-24/LPE/TK-001
TECHNO FAB ENGINEERS
Rev.:01
LIQUID PENETRANT
Date:11-01-2024
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

13.0 Developing Time

 Developing time begins immediately after the Developer coat dries. Observe the bleed out while
applying the Developer and allow the developer to remain on specimen for a minimum of 10 minutes
after the developer coat dried and then start performing final interpretation and evaluation.

14.0 Visible Light Level

14.1 Light intensity at the surface of examination shall be made using a visible light meter (Lux meter).
Light intensity on examination surface shall be minimum 1000 Lux or 100 ft Candles. All light meters
shall be calibrated at least once in a year or whenever the meter has been repaired. If meter have been not
in use for one year or more calibration shall be done before being used.

14.2 Use of a 230V/100 W incandescent bulbs mounted in a Tea pan, at a distance of maximum 500 mm is
considered sufficient to provide the above intensity limits.

14.3 Where use of lamp is not practicable, a portable flashlight may be used, in which case, the intensity of
light shall be verified with a Lux meter prior to the test.

14.4 The light source, technique used and light level verification is required to be demonstrated only one
time, documented and maintained on file.

15.0 Interpretation and Evaluation

15.1 Final interpretation and evaluation shall be made within 10 to 60 minutes after developer coat dried.

15.2 Evaluation of Indication

15.2.1 Relevant Indication

Indication with major dimensions greater than 1/16" (1.5mm) shall be considered relevant.

15.2.2Linear Indication

A Linear indication is one having length greater than three times the width.

15.2.3 Rounded Indications

A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with the length equal to or less than three times
the width.

Any indication, which is believed to be a Non-Relevant, shall be regarded as imperfection unless it is

shown by re-examination by the same method or by the use of other nondestructive method and/or by
surface conditioning that no unacceptable imperfection is present.

16.0 Acceptance Criteria

• All surfaces to be examined shall be free of

(a) Relevant linear indications.

(b) Relevant rounded indication greater than 3/16" (5 mm).

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 Procedure No : FT/23-24/LPE/TK-001
TECHNO FAB ENGINEERS
Rev.:01
LIQUID PENETRANT
Date:11-01-2024
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

(c) Four or more relevant rounded indication in a line separated by 1/16" (1.5 mm) or less (edge to edge).

Note: An indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it. However, the
size of the indication is the basis for acceptance and evaluation.

17.0 Repair Requirements

17.1 Unacceptable imperfections shall be repaired and re-examined to assure removal or removal to an
acceptable size. Whenever, an imperfection is repaired, by chipping or grinding and subsequent repair by
Welding is not required, the excavated area shall be blended into the surrounding surface so as to avoid,
sharp notches, crevices or corners.

17.2 After a defect is thought to have been removed and prior to making Re-Welding, the area shall be re-
examined by suitable methods to ensure that the defect has been removed or reduced to an acceptable sized
imperfection.

17.3 After repair have been made, the repaired area shall be blended in to the surrounding surface so as to
avoid sharp notches, crevices or corners and re-examined by the Liquid Penetrant method and by all other
methods of examination except that, when the depth of repair is less than the radiographic sensitivity
required, re radiography may be omitted.

18.0 Documentation

 Non-reject able indications shall not be recorded.

 Examination results shell be reported in attached from. (Refer Annexure 1.)

19.0 Post Cleaning

 Remove all developer materials using clean dry cloths immediately after evaluation & reporting.
Penetrant available on the adjacent surfaces shall be removed using the PMC PC-120 Solvent
remover. Any specific post cleaning method is specified by the client specification, post examination
cleaning shall be done as per that specification.

20.0 Procedure Demonstration

 This procedure shall be demonstrated to the Al prior to implementation if required by the

referencing code section or by the customer specification. A Change in requirements in Table 2
identified as essential variables shall require re-demonstration of this procedure. A change of a
requirement identified as non-essential variable do not require re demonstration. All changes of
essential and non-essential variable shall require revision of this procedure.

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 Procedure No : FT/23-24/LPE/TK-001
TECHNO FAB ENGINEERS
Rev.:01
LIQUID PENETRANT
Date:11-01-2024
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

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 Procedure No : FT/23-24/LPE/TK-001
TECHNO FAB ENGINEERS
Rev.:01
LIQUID PENETRANT
Date:11-01-2024
EXAMINATION PROCEDURE

Annexure-1

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