ALPHA INSPECTION JSC (ALPHANDT)

No. 37, Road No. A4, Ward 12

Tan Binh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Tel: +84 28 54495117; Fax: +84 28 54495118

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

Document No.: 8408-40-04

01E 15.06.2018 Issued for application N.M.TINH D.X.MUNG D.X.MUNG

Rev No. Issue Day Purpose Prepared by Reviewed by Approved by

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

REVISION RECORD SHEET

No. Revision Revised contents Date

1 01E Issued for application 15.06.2018

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 3 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

INDE

REVISION RECORD SHEET...................................................................................................................2

1.0 INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................4
2.0 SCOPE..........................................................................................................................................4
3.0 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................4
4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION................................................................................................4
5.0 PROCEDURE REVISION............................................................................................................5
6.0 MATERIALS AND PRESERVATION........................................................................................5
7.0 SURFACE PREPARATION.........................................................................................................6
8.0 TESTING METHOD....................................................................................................................6
9.0 ILLUMINATION REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................7
9.1 COLOR CONTRAST LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION:...............................................7
9.2 FLUORESCENT LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION:......................................................7
10.0 EXAMINATION..........................................................................................................................7
10.1 PRE-CLEANING:.........................................................................................................................7
10.2 PENETRANT APPLICATION:....................................................................................................7
10.3 PENETRANT REMOVAL APPLICATION:...............................................................................8
10.4 DRYING:......................................................................................................................................8
10.5 DEVELOPER APPLICATION:....................................................................................................8
10.6 INTERPRETATION OF INDICATIONS:....................................................................................8
10.7 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS:...........................................................................................9
10.8 POST-EXAMINATION CLEANING:.........................................................................................9
11.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA.......................................................................................................10
12.0 RECORDS AND REPORT..............................................................................................10
Appendix 1 - RECOMMENDED DWELL TIMES.........................................................................11
Appendix 2 - LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING REPORT..............................................................12

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 4 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this procedure is to describe the test procedure for Color Contrast Liquid Penetrant
Examination, Higth Temperature Penetrant Examination and Fluorescent Liquid Penetrant
Examination using Solvent removable process and the acceptance criteria for Non Ferrous
and ferrous materials.

2.0 SCOPE

This procedure applies to the Penetrant Examination methods for detecting discontinuities that are
open to the surface such as crack and other discontinuities on surface of materials.

This procedure defines the conditions of performing for ferrous and non-ferrous as well as for all
repaired welds; all weld of fittings, fillet welds, finished welds and other permanent
attachments.

The method is also applied for other configuration of the test specimen that can not be suited for the
Magnetic Particle Method.

3.0 REFERENCES

The following Codes and Standards with the latest editions which are registered in AlphaNDT’s list
shall be referenced:

- ASME Section V: Non-Destructive Examination.

- AWS D1.1: Structure Welding Code Steel.

- ASME Code B31.3: Process Piping Code

- API 650: Welded Tanks for Oil Storage

- API 1104: Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities

- ASME SE 165: Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection

- ASNT Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A

- 8408-30-01: Alpha NDT’s Written Practice

- Health, Safety and Environment Management System.

4.0 PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION

The test will be carried out and results shall be evaluated and reported by the Penetrant Testing
technicians, whom qualified and certified as Level II or Level III in accordance with
Company Written Practice based on ASNT Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A, or EN
ISO:9712.

The certification of personnel shall be submitted to Client or Owner prior to work commencement
for verification.

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 5 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

5.0 PROCEDURE REVISION

A revision of procedure shall be required whenever a change of substitution is made in:

- The type of penetrant materials or in the processing technique.

- The type pre-cleaning material or processes.

- The cleaning processes that can close surface opening of discontinuities or

leave interfering deposits, such as the use of grit blast cleaning or acid treatments.

6.0 MATERIALS AND PRESERVATION

A family of liquid penetrant materials consists of the followings:

- Penetrant

- Solvent remover

- Developer

All penetrant materials shall include certificates of analyzed individually for sulphur and halogen
contents (%). And, these chemicals shall not adversely affect the integrity of the part being
examined.

Intermixing within the family of penetrant materials from different manufacturers shall not be
permitted.

The following table indicates proposed liquid penetrant materials.

Visible Red Dye Mega check 8001 NABAKEM or equivalent

Penetrant

Fluorescent Dye NABAKEM FP-20 Fluorescent Penetrant or

penetrant equivalent

Remover Mega check 8002 NABAKEM or equivalent

Developer Mega check 8003 NABAKEM or equivalent

PENETRANT KO-17 Hi-Temperature

Remover KO-19 Hi- Temperature

Developer D-350 Hi- Temperature

Table 1: Penetrant Material

Penetrant systems from different manufacturers shall be stored separately.

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 6 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

A record of the materials shall include chemical batch numbers and test result shall be maintained
for certification.

The manufacturers recommended safety precautions are to be strictly observed at all times during
handling, storing and using materials.

7.0 SURFACE PREPARATION

- In general, surface of part is satisfactory as-welded, as-rolled, as-cast or as-

forged condition.

- Surface shall be free of any contaminant such as excessive rust, scale,

welding flux. Spatter, grease, paint, oil films, dirt and etc. That might interfere with
the penetrant process.

- Surface shall be of a sufficiently nonporous nature so that excessive

irrelevant indications are not produced.

- Approved cleaning methods shall include only methods that will not cause
damage to or peen surface discontinuities.

- Grinding, machining, wire brushing, scraping or other methods may be

necessary where surface irregularities could mask indications that may be present.

- Cleaning by shot blasting or sand blasting is not permitted.

- Solvent and detergent cleaning can be used whenever possible.

- Cleaning shall extend to a 50 mm whichever possible outside the examination

area.

- All examination surfaces shall be dry prior to examination. Drying time after
solvent cleaning shall be 1 (one) minute as a minimum.

- For safety reasons, in confined areas where examination is to be conducted,

adequate ventilation shall be provided where toxic or irritant chemicals are used.

- The temperature of the penetrant materials and the surface of the part to be
processed shall be between 10oC and 52oC.

- The temperature of the penetrant materials and the surface of the part to be
processed shall be not exess 176.7 oC.

8.0 TESTING METHOD

Visible Penetrant Examination and Fluorescent Penetrant Examination using Solvent Removable.

- Visible Penetrant Examination uses a penetrant that can be seen in visible

light. The penetrant is usually red, so that the indications produce a definite contrast
with the white background of the developer. The visible penetrant process does not
require the use of black light. However, visible penetrant indications must be viewed
under adequate white light.

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 7 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

- The Fluorescent Penetrant examination is performed by using an ultraviolet

light in darked area.

9.0 ILLUMINATION REQUIREMENTS

9.1 COLOR CONTRAST LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION:

Lighting shall be such that adequate condition exist for interpretation and evaluation and
shall normally be either from Nature (day light) or Artificial (white) light to ensure that no
loss of sensitivity in the examination. Minimum requirements shall be 100 fc (1000 Lux) at
the inspection surface.

9.2 FLUORESCENT LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION:

The examination is performed by using an ultraviolet light (Black Light) for interpretation
and evaluation.

- It shall be performed in dark area.

- The examiner shall be in the dark area for at least 5 minutes prior to performing
the examination to enable his eyes to adapt to dark viewing.

- Black light shall be allowed to warm up for a minimum of 5 minutes prior to use
or measurement of intensity of the ultraviolet light emitted.

- Black light intensity shall be measured with a black light meter with a minimum of
1000 W/cm2 on the surface of the part being examined. The black light intensity
shall be measured at least once every 8 hours and whenever the work station is
changed.

10.0 EXAMINATION

All examination shall conduct with sufficient overlap to ensure 100 percent coverage.

10.1 PRE-CLEANING:

Surface shall be clean and dry prior to examination and as per section 7.0 of this procedure.

The surface to be tested and adjacent areas within one inch (25 mm) shall be thoroughly
cleaned with pre-cleaner to ensure any possible contaminants are removed.

The inspection surface shall be wiped dry by lint free cloth or absorbent paper. It shall be
ensured that cleaning solution has complete evaporated prior to the application of penetrant.

10.2 PENETRANT APPLICATION:

- Thoroughly shake the aerosol for 10-15 seconds, and apply the penetrant to the dry
surface to be examined such that the entire part of area under examination area
completely covered with penetrant.

- Penetration Time shall be in accordance to SE 165, Table 2. Recommended Dwell

Time, see Appendix 1.

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 8 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

- The Minimum Dwell Time shall be 10 minutes or as per the manufacturer’s

recommendations. The Dwell time shall be closely monitored.

- Temperature range for conducting examinations shall be within 10°C - 52°C.

- When it is not practical to conduct a liquid penetrant examination within the

temperature range of 50°F to 125°F (10°C to 52°C), the examination procedure at
the proposed lower or higher temperature range requires qualification. This shall
require the use of a quench cracked aluminum block, which is designated as a Liquid
Penetrant Comparator Block. The test shall be carried out using an Aluminum
Sensitivity Test Block that compiles with ASTM and ASME codes. The test will be
carried out in accordance with ASME V Article 6 Section T-653 and the test results
shall be documented and approved by Client representative.

10.3 PENETRANT REMOVAL APPLICATION:

Upon achieving the required penetration time, excess penetrant shall be removed by wiping
off with clean and lint - free cloth or tissues initially and then with a solvent dampened
cloths and finally with a dry cloth.

Excess penetrant to be removed shall be such that removal of penetrant from indications is
minimal. Direct spraying of solvent to the test surface is not permitted.

10.4 DRYING:

Drying shall be by exposure to ambient temperature under normal evaporation and shall be
at a minimum of 1 (one) minute to a maximum of 5 (five) minutes. Induced faster drying
by blowing with low pressure (0.35 Kg/cm2 - 0.69 Kg/cm2) at ambient temperature is
permitted.

Excessive drying time can cause drying of the penetrant, which can impair the sensitivity of
the examination.

10.5 DEVELOPER APPLICATION:

- Thoroughly shake the aerosol for 10-15 seconds, and apply the developer to the
dry surface to be examined such that the entire part of area under examination area
completely covered with developer.

- Developer shall be applied evenly as soon as possible after removal of excess

penetrant and drying of the test surface.

- Developer shall be applied (spray) at not less than 300 mm away from examination
surface to obtain a thin even film and left to develop for a minimum of 10 minutes
but not exceed 2 hours for aqueous and 1 hour for non aqueous developer.
Insufficient coating thickness may not draw the penetrant out of the discontinuities
but conversely, excessive coating thickness may result in pooling and thus mask
indications

10.6 INTERPRETATION OF INDICATIONS:

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 9 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

- With a color contrast penetrant, the developer forms a reasonably uniform white
coating. Surface discontinuities are indicated by bleed-out of the penetrant which is
normally a deep red color that stains the developer. Indications with a light pink
color may indicate excessive cleaning. Inadequate cleaning may leave an excessive
background making interpretation difficult. A minimum light intensity of 100 FC
(1000 Lx) is required to ensure adequate sensitivity during the examination and
evaluation of indications.

- Inspection will be carried out after the wet developer coating is dry. Final
interpretation shall be made after allowing sufficient time for the penetrant to bleed-
out, within 10 to 60 minutes. Defective areas shall be clearly identified. If the surface
to be examined is so large as to preclude complete examination within the prescribed
time, then only portions of the surface shall be examined at any one time.

- The types of discontinuities are difficult to evaluate if the penetrant diffuses

excessively into the developer. If this condition occurs, close observation of the
formation of indications during application of the developer may assist in
characterizing and determining the extent of indications.

- Discontinuities at the surface will be indicated by bleed-out of penetrant; however,

localized surface irregularities due to machining marks or other surface conditions
may produce false indications.

- Broad areas of pigmentation which could mask indications of discontinuities are

unacceptable, and such areas shall be cleaned and reexamined.

- Indications shall be classified as “non- relevant” or “relevant”.

a) Relevant Indications:

- The visible presence of detectable bleeds - out of Liquid Penetrant from the
discontinuities and shall be evaluated as per acceptance criteria.

b) Non - relevant indications:

- The visible presence of Liquid Penetrant readings resulting from a condition not
associated with the discontinuity.

10.7 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS:

- An indication is the evidence of a mechanical imperfection. Only indications with

major dimensions greater than 1⁄16 in (1.6mm) shall be considered relevant.

- A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.

- A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with the length equal to
or less than three times the width.

- Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine

whether or not they are relevant.

10.8 POST-EXAMINATION CLEANING:

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 10 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

Post cleaning is necessary in cases where residual penetrant or developer could interface
with subsequent processing or promote corrosion.

Post cleaning shall be by solvent cleaning. Flooding and wiping until all signs of penetrant
and developers have been removed shall be required.

11.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA

- For structural welds: acceptance criteria shall be based on AWS D1.1 Section 6.10,
Table 6.1, Part C.

- For piping welds: acceptance criteria shall be base on ASME B 31.3 Chapter
VI, Table 341.3.2

- For pipeline: Criteria for acceptance or rejection of the weld shall be

accordance with requirements of API –1104, para 9.5

- For Storage Tank: acceptance criteria shall be base on API 650

12.0 RECORDS AND REPORT

The test results shall be reported on form “Liquid Penetrant Testing Report” as formatted as in
appendix 2.

Identification of first repair on reports and weld identification shall be indicated, as ‘R’ and the
subsequent weld repair shall be identified as ‘R1’ and etc... joints that has been cut out and
re-weld shall be denoted as ‘RW’.

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 11 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

Appendix 1 - RECOMMENDED DWELL TIMES

Table 2: RECOMMENDED DWELL TIMES

Dwell Times(in minutes) a, b

Material Form Type of Discontinuity
Penetrant c Developer d

Aluminum, Cast - castings Cold shuts, porosity, 10 10

magnesium, steel, and welds
brass and bronze,
titanium and high Wrought- Laps, cracks (all 15 10
- temperature extrusions, forms)
alloys
Lack of fusion, 10 10
porosity,

a) For temperature range from 100C to 520C.

b) All dwell times given are recommended minimums

c) Maximum penetrant dwell time referred to manufacturer recommendation.

d) Development time begins directly after application or dry developer and as soon as wet
developer coating has dried on surface of parts (recommended minimum).

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 12 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

Appendix 2 - LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING REPORT

LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING REPORT

Project: Report No.: Request No.:

Client: Base Specification: Procedure No.:

DWG. No: Page

Unit/System:
Of
Location of Inspection Grade Material: Welding Process:

Prepared edge As weld After PWHT

State of Examination
Base Metal Other Repair
Surface Preparation Grinding Brushing As weld Other
PT Consumables Red Penetrant Remover Developer
Type
Brand
Dwell Time
Temperature
Batch No.
Mfg. Date
Exp. Date

EVALUATION
JUDGEMENT
Weld Identification Dia.& Thk Welder Date of
INTERPRETATION Remarks
Joint/ Weld No. Length . No Inspection
Accept Reject

SKETCH

ALPHANDT PVCFC OWNER C.A

Evaluated by

Qualified

Signature

Date

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 13 of 14

 LIQUID PENETRANT TESTING PROCEDURE

Document No.: 8408-40-04 Rev. 01E Page 14 of 14