FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFECTIVE PROCUREMENT: A CASE STUDY OF

NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA

BY

JUDY GATHONI

DPS/186/22

A RESEARCH PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS IN PARTIAL

FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DIPLOMA IN
PROCUREMENT AND MATERIAL MANAGEMENT OF KIRIRI WOMEN'S
UNIVERSITY

JULY 2023
 DECLARATION

This research project is my original work and has not been presented for award of a diploma
or for any similar purpose in any other institution.
Signature: _______ _ _ _ _ Date:______ _ _ _ _
Judy Gathoni

DPS/186/22

Supervisor: This research project has been submitted with my approval as University
supervisor

Signature: _______ _ _ _ _ Date: ____ _ _ _ _

Madam Ann Wanyonyi

Lecturer, School of Business

Kiriri Women's University

 TABLE OF
CONTENTS

DECLARATION...........................................................................................................................i
LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................................iv
LIST OF FIGURE......................................................................................................................v
ABBREVIATION AND ACCRONYMS..................................................................................vi
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS.......................................................................vii
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................1
1.1 Background to the study.....................................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the Problem.....................................................................................................2
1.3 Purpose of the Study............................................................................................................3
1.4 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................................4
1.5 Objectives of the Study........................................................................................................5
1.5.1 General Objective....................................................................................................................5
1.5.2 Specific Objectives..................................................................................................................5
1.6 Research Questions................................................................................................................5
1.7 Significance of the Study........................................................................................................5
1.8 Scope of the Study...................................................................................................................6
1.9 Limitation of the Study............................................................................................................6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW...............................................................................7
2.0 Introduction..............................................................................................................................7
2.1 Corruption and Procurement....................................................................................................7
2.2 Political Changes and Procurement.......................................................................................8
2.3 Technological Advances.......................................................................................................9
2.4 Conceptual Framework.........................................................................................................9
2.5 Empirical Review...................................................................................................................11
2.6 Resarch gaps…......................................................................................................................12
2.7 Summary................................................................................................................................12

2.4.1 Institutional Theory....................................................................................................................9

2.5 Research Gap..........................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..............................................................11
3.0 Introduction.............................................................................................................................11
3.1 Research Design..............................................................................................................11
3.2 Study Area.......................................................................................................................11
 3.3 Target Population.............................................................................................................11
3.4 Sampling Technique.........................................................................................................12
3.5 Sample Size......................................................................................................................12
3.6 Research Instruments.......................................................................................................12
3.7 Reliability and Validity of Research Instruments...........................................................12
3.8 Data Collection Technique.................................................................................................12
3.9 Data Analysis and Presentation.........................................................................................13
3.10 Logical and Ethical Consideration...................................................................................13
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION.......................................14
4.1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................14
4.2 Participants Response.........................................................................................................14
4.3 Gender..................................................................................................................................14
4.4 Age Bracket.........................................................................................................................15
4.5 Respondents Locality.........................................................................................................15
4.6 Service Delivery.................................................................................................................15
4.7 Regression Analysis...........................................................................................................16
4.84.8
ANOVAa..................................................................................................................................17
4.8.1 Corruption and Procurement........................................................................................17
4.8.2 Political changes and Procurement...............................................................................18
4.8.3 Technological advancement and procurement............................................................19
4.10 Coefficient of determination.............................................................................................21
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS............22
5.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................22
5.2 Summary of the Study.........................................................................................................22
5.3 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................23
5.4 Recommendations................................................................................................................24
5.5 Recommendation for Further Study...................................................................................24
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................25
APPENDICES............................................................................................................................28
Appendix I: Introduction Letter...............................................................................................28
Appendix II: Questionnaire......................................................................................................29
 LIST OF
TABLES
Table 1: Response rate.................................................................................................................14
Table 2: Gender.............................................................................................................................14
Table 3: Age bracket.....................................................................................................................15
Table 4: Resident locality.............................................................................................................15
Table 5: Service delivery..............................................................................................................16
Table 6: R Square..........................................................................................................................16
Table 7: ANOVA for corruption..................................................................................................18
Table 8: ANOVA for political changes.......................................................................................19
Table 9: ANOVA for technological advancement.......................................................................20
Table 10: Coefficient of determination........................................................................................21
 LIST OF
FIGURE

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework..................................................................................................4

 ABBREVIATION AND ACCRONYMS

ADB- Asian Development Bank

AG- Auditor General

EACC- Ethic and Anti-Corruption Commission

IAPS- Inter Agency Procurement Services

OECD- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

PPOA- Public Procurement Oversight Authority

TI - Transparency International

UNDP- United Nations Development Program

 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Effective procurement – It denotes successful acquisition and delivery of goods and services.

Factors- This are features limiting effective procurement and in this context include

corruption, political changes and technological advances.

Hindrance- Is the feature that might affect effective procurement.

 ABSTRACT

Auditor general report has revealed various corruption cases in counties and mismanagement of
taxpayers’ money allocated to counties. This has led to several impromptu search and arrest of
governors and procurement officers by Ethic and Anti-Corruption Commission. Transparency and
accountability in procurement have been issues thus the study examine the factors hindering effective
procurement of goods in Nakuru County. The objectives of this study were to examine how
corruption
hinder effective procurement of goods, assess how political changes hinder effective procurement
of goods and find out how technological advances hinder effective procurement of goods in
Nakuru County. The study adopted institutional theory. The study used descriptive survey design.
Research instrument was questionnaire. The study used simple sampling technique. The total
target population was two hundred participants and a sample size of fifty respondents was used.
Questionnaire was
piloted before the actual study by a test and retest method. Questionnaire was given to the
respondents with agreeable duration of reply which was later collected. Data collected was
analyzed quantitatively. The analyzed data was presented in frequency tables. The study found out
that there was corruption in the procurement process with overpricing of goods and services,
delivery of substandard goods and some suppliers being favoured during tender awarding
leading to ineffective procurement. Respondents argued that with e- procurement, there had
inadequate staffs with knowledge of e- procurement, it had quickened procurement process but e
-procurement data had been manipulated to fix corrupt procurement process. Data analyzed
showed that there had been politics in procurement process with politicians having interest in
procurement process, bribery and misuse of office. The study recommends for accountability and
openness in procurement, training of more staffs to increase the literacy level on e-procurement and
sensitize on upholding ethical values in all procurement process. The study findings provide
information to the policy makers such as auditor general, national and county government on
the factors that have hindered effective procurement of in Nakuru County.
 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the study

Public procurement refers to the acquisition of goods, services and works by a procuring

entity using public funds (World Bank, 1995). According to Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2007), Procurement plays a crucial task in

safeguarding fruitful control and supply of inputs that are important for the organizations. It

also plays an important function in fostering best management practices that reduce the

possibility of mismanagement in use of resources meant for public.

According to OECD and Asian Development Bank (ADB) (2008), argue that the purpose

of public procurement is to minimize the cost via fostering straightforward tender,

competition protecting public money, eradicating mismanagement of resources and any

cases of corruption. All this is done in order to enhance delivery of public service (Vella pi,

2010).

Uyarra and Flannagan (2010), all procurement processes are guided by laws and regulations

of which they vary from one country to another. It account for a crucial segment of

comprehensive demand for goods and services and significant amount of money is involved

hence it is the duty of the institutions such as public to ensure public resources are effectively

managed.

Transparency and ethicality should be a priority in public procurement to foster reasonable

development for the economy and uplifting the standard of living of the public (Seidu, Fatawu

& Ahmed, 2014). The evaluation of government is through delivery of services which its

effect is on public procurement (United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

/Inter Agency Procurement Services (IAPS) (2006). Social, political and technological

environment factors of
respective countries greatly hinder execution and impacts attained of public procurement

and more so the laws governing each country (Gayed, 2013).

Muehle (2015) argue that subdivision of procurement supplies of general user commodity

are featured with increased volume of incompetent, ineffectual and unclear which have

been noted by international organization on procurement of various countries internationally.

With changing features of social, economic and political state in Kenya, corruption deals

in public procurement continue to be uncovered despite reforms to improve procurement

processes ((Public Procurement Oversight Authority (PPOA), 2007)). According to Mbae

(2014), Counties procurement have been a great challenge with technology, political forces,

unethical practices, trickery among procurement officers, accountability and transparency have

greatly affected procurement processes.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Dzuke and Naude (2015) argue that public procurement is the nerve to conveyance of

public services and performance of general institution. According to Licenji (2015),

inadequate skills and experts in procurements is a notable hindrance in public

procurement as procurement officers have not been fully able to account for the value of the

money in supply and delivery of goods and services. Ameyaw, Mensah and Osei-Tutu

(2012) note that transparency and accountability in procurement have been an issue,

trickery, corruption, fragile and outworn public procurement policies and processes have

affected procurement in institutions.

According to the report of Auditor General (AG) of 30th June 2018 assert that Nakuru

County submitted late financial statement, overstatement of receipt, unaccounted funds and

irregular procurement of Emergency Water Trucking Services. It was also noted that there

irregular procurement of goods, works and services where there were irregular award of

contracts and suppliers did not have valid tax complia nce and business permit. Some of the

suppliers were directly selected

with no reasons such as Wajir Ark Limited in the purchase and supply of Relief Food (Auditor

Genera

l, 2018). Thus this study examines the factors influencing effective procurement in Nakuru
County.

1.3 Purpose of the Study

The study sought to examine the factors influencing effective procurement in Nakuru County.
1.5 Objectives of the Study

1.5.1General Objective

To investigate factors hindering effective procurement in Nakuru County.

1.5.2 Specific Objectives

1. To examine how corruption hinder effective procurement in Nakuru County.

2. To assess how political changes hinder effective procurement in Nakuru County.

3. To find out how technological advances hinder effective procurement in Nakuru County.

1.6 Research Questions

1. How does corruption hinder effective procurement in Nakuru County?

2. How do political changes hinder effective procurement in Nakuru County?

3. How does a technological advance hinder effective procurement in Nakuru County?

1.7 Significance of the Study

The study findings provide information to the policy makers such as auditor general,

national and county government on the factors that have hindered effective procurement in

Nakuru County. This provide insight that help to ensure effective procurement with an aim of

improving service delivery in Nakuru County.

The study is a guide to the future researchers and provides relevant literature on factors

curtailing effective procurement.

1.8 Scope of the Study

The study was delimited on factors hindering effective procurement in Nakuru County.

Data collection, analysis and presentation took four months to be completed. The sample size

of the study was 50 respondents.

1.9 Limitation of the Study

Respondents feared to respond due to the information being used to tarnish their

names. Researcher assured them of their confidentiality and was not requested to provide their

names. Researcher also assured them that this research was entirely for academic purposes.

Financial constrains hindered researcher from conducting effective research hence

prepared a budget to ensure every expense was within the budget.

 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

This chapter stresses on the relevant literature on procurement based on the objectives of

the study. The chapter will also focus on the theoretical framework.

2.1 Corruption and Procurement

According to Jain (2001), corruption is the misuses of power for individual gain by going

against the set standards and ethics. Transparency and integrity are important for

procurement process but in absence of it, delivery of goods and services is greatly affected in

a country hence the need of legal policy reforms for efficient service delivery in public

procurement (Mwenzwa, 2014).

Basheka and Tumutegyereize (2010) argue that organizational culture have greatly contributed

to procurement corruption. The organizational culture have been followed in procurement

process for over years without notable changes hence even with new procurement

officers, the procedures are still retained despite been irregular, inefficient and

unclear. Majority of procurement board members in State Corporation have minimal

coherency of their duty in procurement process hence vulnerable to doctoring (Eyaa & Oluka,

2011).

According Badenhorst (1994), Purchaser in narrow sectors sometimes might conduct

unethically either knowing or unknowing through reward of counterfeited orders and

invoices, fraudster payment of invoices, deletion of computer data records, trickery of

tenders such as reveling information to suppliers to submit tender with lowest bid,

purchasing more than required and keeping credit notes for goods returned hence getting
bribes, purchase and supply of substandard goods. Basheka (2011), public procurement in

third world countries is faced with corruption

scandals where the government loses a lot of money as a result of inappropriate competition

and lack of transparency.

According to Burguet and Che (2004) affirm that procurement officers accept bribes

and manipulate the procurement process where the best firm does not get the tender but the

firm that bribes get the tender hence the root cause of ineffective delivery of goods and

services to the public. Van Weele (2014), assert there is need to ensure there is well

utilization of public money and get value for their taxes they remit. With no tolerance to

corruption in procurement process, there can be effective procurement of goods and

services to the public (Compte, Mogiliansky

& Verdier, 2005).

2.2 Political Changes and Procurement

According to Transparency International (TI), corruption and public procurement (2010)

argue that politicians have been at forefront with egoistic interest in procurement to influence

and get contracts for their firms which are registered under names of their relatives or of their

friends. Procurement have been marred with political corruption where public fund is

illegally acquired (TI, 2006).

According to Dza, Fischer and Gapp (2013), political intrusion is a great challenge

in procurement process in Africa hence there is no fruitful execution of public

procurement. . Politicians have influenced tender process in one way or the other by dictating

a specific contract be awarded to person or firm of their choice. Managerial and leadership

in procurement have been inefficient and inappropriate constituted to serve the interest of

the politicians thus the reason for poor delivery of goods and services in Sub- Sahara Africa
(Ringwald& Ndercaj, 2014). As a result of political interference in procurement processes, it

has led to shortage of medicine

in public hospitals, poor roads,and substandard good procured, bottlenecked and

improper procurement processes hence leading to suffering of the public (Chimberengwa

et.al, 2015).

2.3 Technological Advances

According to Lui (2008) Adoption of technology in procurement (e-procurement) has

brought many benefits in procurement process such as cost reduction and time saving and

efficiency. Mota and Filho (2011) countries have adopted e-procurement but have failed to

a larger extent and result of money wastage due to poor design and inadequate training of

personnel. Its implementation has resulted in technological errors and failures such as in e-

notice, e-signature which have efficient on security, cost errors and authentic bidder

(Otieno, Muthoni & Mungai,

2013).

Insufficient expert on e- procurement has been issue and unwillingness to implement

e- procurement in order to hide malicious practices conducts in paperwork. According to Al-

Moalla and Li (2010), some organization usually have issues with e-procurement.

Malekia (2016) focused on benefits of e-procurement as anti-corruption tool but however

found out that e- procurement had some limitations such as erased database and

manipulation of information of contracts which make it hard to investigate corruption cases.

2.4 Conceptual Framework
 2.4.1 Institutional Theory

The proponent of this theory is Meyer and Rowan (1977). It assert that institutional

environment powerfully impact the development of formal structures in an institution

more than market pressures

To upgrade productivity in an institution, innovative compositions are warranted.

Thus the institution must preserve certain composition and strategy so as to retain legitimacy

in the institutional environment. The theory has impact on procurement performance.

The theory summit that methods must be detected for the sake of safeguarding all the

collaborators involved in the procurement process to get fair treatment.

The procurement procedures should include; formulating a time frame for required

procurement, spotting the item source, stating the particulars of procurement, regulating

procurement process, knowing original offers, monitoring and evaluation, starting of a

contract, contract delivery and overseeing, accountability and record keeping, payment and

contract accomplishment. When the institution obeys the procurement process afterwards

the procurement achievement will be effective and efficient. The study will use this

theory to examine the factors influencing effective procurement in Nakuru County.

2.5 Empirical Review

2. 5.1 Strategic Procurement

For this study, five key success factors which characterize effective strategic procurement

were shortlisted for consideration: strategy development, spend analysis, supplier relationship

management, measurement plan, and technology utilizatio

2.6 Research Gap

There was limited literature on procurement and technological advances and majority of

the research have focused in successful implementation of e-procurement and its benefits. Few

have focused on e-procurement and its failure in procurement. The literature reviewed have not

sufficiently addressed the factors influencing the effective procurement therefore the study

aim to acquire the knowledge gap in the field of the study from the respondents in relation

to effective procurement within Nakuru County.

2.7 Summary
The literature reviewed the effects of effective performance in the procurement sector. These

include; ethical policies, ethical codes and conduct and corporate social responsibilities. Further

the chapter examine theories such as agency theory and legitimacy theories as well as the

conceptual framework that showed the relationship between the independent variables and the

dependent variable
 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

This chapter stress on what the researcher will do while in the field of the study and where

the sources of data will be collected.

3.1 Research Design

Descriptive survey design was incorporated to research on factors hindering

effective procurement of goods in Nakuru County. This research examined how corruption,

political change and technological advances hinder effective procurement. Survey

design were research instruments which entailed questionnaire.

3.2 Study Area

The study was conducted in Nakuru County. It came into existence in 2013 after it was enshrined

in 2010 constitution. It is among the forty seven counties with code number thirty two. Nakuru
County

Government Offices are located along Kenyatta Avenue Road in Nakuru. It has

eleven sub counties and fifty five Wards. It has a budget allocation of more than nine billion.

3.3 Target Population

The target population constituted of 50 staffs in the department of procurement,

finance, information, communication and technology, public service board, education and

vocational training officers in Nakuru County, 140 residents and 78 members of county

assemblies. The total target population was 400 participants.

3.4 Sampling
Technique

The study used simple sampling technique. The study was grounded on each participant

having equivalent opportunity of being encompassed in the study.

3.5 Sample
Size

Mugenda and Mugenda (2003) assert that a sample size of 10-50% can be obtained. This

study operated on a sample size of 25%. Therefore 50 respondents were employed in the

study. This was informed by the travels that researcher went while traversing the county

collecting the primary data.

3.6 Research
Instruments

Research instrument was

questionnaire.

3.7 Reliability and Validity of Research

Instruments

The researcher sought the guidance of the supervisor to enhance this research to accepted

Gretsa university standard and any errors detected were rectified for the objectives of the

study to be attained. Research instruments were piloted before the actual study by a test and

retest method. This assisted the researcher be aware if the respondents understood the

questionnaires and more importantly the language used in the questionnaire. The

researcher noted consistency and accuracy of the responses.

3.8 Data Collection
Technique

Primary data was garnered from the respondents through use of questionnaire.

Questionnaires were offered to the respondents with agreeable duration of reply

and collected later. Questionnaires were in closed end format. Secondary data were

the review of the relevant

literature from various scholars who were acknowledged in the reference. Secondary data

was collected from books, journals, articles, unpublished dissertations and authenticated

websites.

3.9 Data Analysis and Presentation

Data collected was analyzed in qualitative and quantitative form. In qualitative form, data

was written in thematic and explained based on respondents’ feedback. In quantitative form,

data was accompanied with inferential statistics. The analyzed data was in presentation

of frequency tables.

3.10 Logical and Ethical Consideration

Researcher strictly adhered to rules and standards of research writing and academic

integrity. Relevant reviewed literature which was cited in this study, scholars were

acknowledged. Researcher sought approval from county government of Wajir before

collecting the data. Respondents’ privacy was protected and their participation was

voluntary and with consent. Provision of data by respondents was protected and meant for

academic purpose.

Researcher had a time plan schedule and study was completed on time. Budget

approximation was drafted and expenses were accounted.

 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION

4.1 Introduction

The discussions in this chapter reflect the responses of the analyzed data from the field of

the study grounded on the study questionnaire which assisted in attaining the objectives of the

study.

4.2 Demographic findings

Researcher gave out fifty questionnaires but only thirty nine questionnaires were

completely filled and returned. The response rate was seventy eight percent.

Questionnaires Participants Percentage

Returned 39 78%
Not returned 11 12%
Total 50 100%

Table 1: Response rate

4.3 Descriptive findings

Male respondents mainly constituted the gender. Among the thirty nine respondents, twenty

five were male while fourteen were female.

Gender Respondents Percentage

Male 25 64%
Female 14 36%
Total 39 100%

Table 2: Gender
4.4 Regression Analysis

Model Summary

Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error

of the
1 .718a .516 .511 .500

Table 6: R Square

a. Predictors: (Constant), corruption, political changes and technological advancement.

Interpretation: The value of R Square is 51.6% (.516) which indicates that the

dependent variable organizational performance can be explained by all the

independent variables; corruption, political changes and technological advancement.

4.5 ANOVAa

Model Sum Df Mean Square F Sig.

of Squares
Regression
Regression 85.158 5 40.238 160.619 .000b
1 Residual 45.842 140 .470
Total
131.000 145

a. Dependent Variable: Procurement of goods

b. Predictors: (Constant), Corruption, political changes and technological advancement.

Interpretation: In this test, calculated value is 160.619 where tabulated value at 5%

significant level with 5 degrees of freedom is 5. This test shows that the calculated value is

greater than tabulated value. Thus, it can be observed that there is sufficient evidence to reject

null hypothesis.

4.5.1 Corruption and Procurement

The findings of variance between various demographics which are service delivery, age

and gender reveals that the resultant p values ranges from 0.503 on service delivery and

0.020 on gender. As per the respondents, they argued that auditor general report reflects

corruption in Nakuru County, goods and services procured were overpriced than the market

price, procurement officers cannot be trusted with procurement process and favourism and

familiarity affected procurement of goods and services. Respondents stated that goods and

services delivered to the public were of standard. Participants lastly asserted that tenders were

awarded justly to the only listed companies and acquisition of goods and services was done in
fair and transparent manner. According to the study p value less than 0.05 reveals that

there is no statistical significant

difference in the views provided by residents and the views that corruption had hindered

effective procurement.

P Value ( 95% confidence

Corruption statements Service delivery Age Gender
Acquisition of goods and services is done in .137 .314 .020
fair and transparent manner
Tender is awarded justly to the only .245 .109 .379
listed companies
Goods and services delivered to the public are .253 .202 .081
of standard
Procurement officers cannot be trusted with .463 .027 .190
procurement process
Auditor general report reflects corruption in .503 .381 .561
Nakuru County
Favourism and familiarity affects procurement .360 .391 .569
of goods and services
Goods and services procured are overpriced .481 .178 .092
than the market price

Table 7: ANOVA for corruption

4.5.2 Political changes and Procurement

The study findings indicated that political changes in election were a sign of dissatisfaction

with delivery of goods and services. It was noted that political scandals was a failed

application of procurement laws and regulation and respondents also stated that

politicians influence
procurement process. According to participants, politicians put their royals as

procurement officers and politicians were bribed to favour some companies in tender

awarding. As per the respondents, each regime had their procurement officers to suit their

interests.

Research analysis of variance in table 8 below reveals relationship between service delivery
and

Political scandals is a failed application of procurement laws with a p score value of less
than

0.05 (p= 0.015). The study found that political changes is a sign of dissatisfaction with

delivery of goods and services had a p score value of more than 0.05 (p= 0.789) implying that

there is no statistical significant difference in the views provided by respondents toward that

statement.

P Value ( 95% confidence

Political changes statements Service Age Gender
delivery
Politicians influences procurement process .538 .148 .418
Politicians put their royals as procurement .407 .271 .225
officers
Politicians are bribed to favour some .393 .089 .341
companies in tender awarding
Each regime have their procurement officers to .192 .344 .381
suit their interest
Political changes is a sign of dissatisfaction with .789 .178 .678
delivery of goods and services
Political scandals is a failed application of .684 .590 .015
procurement laws and regulation

Table 8: ANOVA for political changes

4.5.3 Technological advancement and procurement

Technology has been now integrated in the procurement process and this study wanted to

find out the reaction of respondents from Wajir on the aspect of e-procurement. This study

found out
that respondents argued that technology has ease procurement process. The study

findings indicated that e-procurement had worked effectively in Nakuru County but

inadequate experts on e-procurement in Nakuru County had affected effective procurement.

Respondents stated that data had been generated to fix corrupt procurement where an

e- procurement is a tool for anti-corruption. According to participants, e-procurement

process had not revealed the inefficiency in delivery of goods and services. The study

findings reveal that the scores of p value are greater than 0.05 which indicate that there is

no significant relationship between service delivery and hindrance on effective

procurement. The study found out that gender had the lowest p score value of 0.082 and

service delivery with the highest p score value

of 0.718.

P Value ( 95% confidence

Political changes statements Service Age Gender
delivery
Technology has ease procurement process .718 .368 .405
Data has been generated to fix corrupt .482 .628 .561
procurement
E-procurement have worked effectively in .690 .291 .116
Nakuru County
All the e-procurement process have not revealed .246 .481 .082
the inefficiency in delivery of goods and
services
Political changes is a sign of dissatisfaction with .585 .634 .215
delivery of goods and services
E- procurement is a tool for anti-corruption in .374 .502 .343
Nakuru County

Table 9: ANOVA for technological advancement

4.6 Coefficient of determination

The study carried out various regression analyses in order to find out the relation between

the independent variables (corruption, political changes and technological advances) and

dependent variable (procurement). Coefficient of determination clarify the magnitude variance

in dependent variables of this study is clarified by variance in independent variable of this

study. The equation of coefficient of determination which is Y=β1X1+β2X2+β3X3+c of

which the values were gotten from table 9 where X1 is corruption coefficient, X2 is political

changes coefficient and X3 is the technological advances coefficient and c is the constant

coefficient. So the equation was Y= 0.38X1+0.22X2+0.19X3+1.213. Y represented

dependent variable. If the independent variable were taken to be at constant at zero then

effective procurement would be 1.213. At 95% and 5% level of confidence and

significance respectively, corruption as a factor hindering effective procurement had the

highest level of significant with 0.324, followed by political

changes (0.256) and with the least level of significant being technological advances with 0.177.

Model Unstandardized Standardized t sig

coefficient coefficient
B Standard Beta
error
1 Constant 1.213 0.122 0.909 0.378
Corruption 0.38 0.215 0.144 0.95 0.324
Political 0.22 0.110 0.148 1.091 0.256
changes
Technological 0.19 0.154 0.078 0.587 0.177
advances

Source: Researcher, 2019

Table 10: Coefficient of determination
 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Introduction

This chapter summarizes the discussions of the study based on the specific objectives,

give conclusion and recommendations.

5.2 Summary of the Study

The study was based on the three specific objectives that is to examine how corruption

hinder effective procurement of goods in Nakuru County, assess how political changes

hinder effective procurement of goods in Nakuru County and to find out how

technological advances hinder effective procurement of goods in Nakuru County. The general

summary of the study was that its effectiveness was seventy eight percent where only thirty

nine respondents participated and majority were male who were twenty five. Respondents

between the ages of thirty to forty mainly took part in the study. Respondents who were

mainly the residents had an issue with delivery of goods and services.

The first specific objective was to examine how corruption hinders effective procurement

of goods in Nakuru County. The variables in consideration were overpricing, substandard of

goods and favourism and familiarity in procurement process. The analysis results were

that yearly auditor general report reflects corruption in the procurement process. The variable

of overpricing

of goods and services was a key as per respondents in procurement where goods were

overpriced compared with the standard market price. Respondents stated that favourism and

familiari ty in procurement process had been witnessed and substandard of goods had

been seen in Majir County and it was the variable that recorded.
The second specific objective was to assess how political changes hinder effective
procurement

of goods in Nakuru County. The study found out that dissatisfaction in terms of delivery of

goods and services in Nakuru County had led to political changes through elections. Based

on the data analyzed, respondents argued that there was misuse of office hindering effective

procu rement. This study found out that there was bribery in tendering awards where only

those who bribe get the tender. Respondents argued that political interest was witnessed in

procurement process with politicians influencing procurement.

The third specific objective was to find out how technological advances hinder

effective procurement of goods in Nakuru County. Respondents were aware of e-procurement

and it’s had ease procurement process and was used as a tool to detect corruption in the

county. The study found out that there were inadequate experts on e-procurement and

respondents also stated that the e-procurement data was manipulated to cover up the corrupt

deals in procurement process.

5.3 Conclusion

Delivery of goods and services in Nakuru County depends on effectiveness of

procurement process. This study was examining factors hindering effective procurement in

Nakuru County. The independent variables were corruption, political changes and

technological advances. The study noted that there was no significant relationship between

corruptions, political changes and technological advances and effective procurement. Though

the respondents argued that auditor general report implies ineffectiveness in procurement,

there are other factors which hinder effective procurement but this study only researched on

three. The study found out that there was

a challenge with procurement hindering delivery of goods and services in Wajir County

which signaled ineffective procurement. The study noted various challenges in procurement

and come up with recommendations.

5.4 Recommendations

1. The study recommends for openness and accountability in procurement process in

Nakuru County. This will restore faith to residents and all those who request for tenders and

perceive fairness in tender awarding. Procurement officers need to be accountable in all the

procurement process to ensure there is integrity and financial accountability of the hardly taxed

Kenyans.

2. Nakuru County need to either apprentice procurement officers to e-procurement or

sponsor all procurement officers to go back to school to learn the technological

advancement to easen the procurement process. This will help increase the procurement

officers who are literate on e- procurement.

3. There is need to emphasize on the ethicality of office holders to ensure effective

procurement which will be reflected on timely and quality delivery of goods and services.

5.5 Recommendation for Further Study

The study dealt with factors influencing effecting procurement. Independent variables

discussed were corruption, political changes and technological advances. The researcher

recommends for further research on contribution of auditor general report on improving

procurement process in Nakuru County.

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 APPENDICES

Appendix I: Introduction Letter

Dear Sir/Madam

My name is Judy Gathoni (DPS/186/22), a diploma in procurement student at Kiriri Women’s

University. I am conducting a research on factors influencing effective procurement in
County government of Nakuru. Allow me to invite you to be part of the respond ents by
filling the questionnaires provided by the study. Your participation is voluntary and highly
appreciated. Kindly respond with lot of sincerity and your response will be confidential
and meant for academic purposes in fulfillment for the award of my diploma course.

Yours

Judy Gathoni
Appendix II: Questionnaire

1. What is your gender?

Male Female

2. Age bracket

20-30yrs 30-40 yrs

40-50 yrs 50yrs and above

3. Are you a resident of Nakuru County?

No
Yes

4. Are you satisfied with Nakuru County service delivery?

Yes No
 5. Corruption and procurement
Kindly tick appropriately in the comments stated below. The following numbers signal
that
1=strongly agree 2=Agree 3=Neutral 4=strongly disagree 5=Disagree

Comments 1 2 3 4 5
Acquisition of goods and services is done in fair and transparent manner
Tender is awarded justly to the only listed companies
Goods and services delivered to the public are of standard
Procurement officers cannot be trusted with procurement process
Auditor general report reflects corruption in Wajir County
Favourism and familiarity affects procurement of goods and services
Goods and services procured are overpriced than the market price

6. Political changes and procurement

Kindly tick appropriately in the comments stated below. The following numbers signal
that
1=strongly agree 2=Agree 3=Neutral 4=strongly disagree 5=Disagree

Comments 1 2 3 4 5
Politicians influences procurement process
Politicians put their royals as procurement officers
Politicians are bribed to favour some companies in tender awarding
Each regime have their procurement officers to suit their interest
Political changes is a sign of dissatisfaction with delivery of goods
and
services
Political scandals is a failed application of procurement laws and
 7. Technological advances and procurement
Kindly tick appropriately in the comments stated below. The following numbers signal
that
1=strongly agree 2=Agree 3=Neutral 4=strongly disagree 5=Disagree

Comments 1 2 3 4 5
Technology has ease procurement process
Data has been generated to fix corrupt procurement
E-procurement have worked effectively in Nakuru County
All the e-procurement process have not revealed the inefficiency in
delivery
of goods and services
Inadequate experts on e-procurement in Nakuru County have
affected effective procurement.
E- procurement is a tool for anti-corruption in Nakuru County