%& Multiplication Factor k= neuteon produced fn one geneation Neuten preduced th preceeding generation 235 OF 4 nn! —» 200M + 3 an! 4 kr Tf 24 y uncontilied Chain Reacton. Kel y Slberitiea! condition ( Reaction etope) clesirables 1 2 n > oriteay condition Lcontmied Crain Reach } *® Types of Nuclear Reactors, U) Boiling water Reactor, D Prescurfsed WWaier Reactor . 3) Goe cooled Reactor. 4) Heavy water coolect and rnedulakd type reactor. 5) liquid covlect Reactor ® Past breeder Reactor, D Boiling voaier Recolor s-dfuel envichedl Urantum oe G5 Ordinary water fe used cs Moderator as well ac far coolenb. @ fressurfed woe Reactor Hib fuel envichect UBF Clodeled with Zire alloy. i Water under pressure is usec as cotfent In modeutor. @® Cps cooled Reactoy 3 Gas % used as a evotent andl Graphite, aS modoator, \ @ ecwy voater coolect and modulated’ type veactor : } CANDU : Canacitum 5 Deutertum »Ur fuel v covlene LL nae eo© Mequia Metal coefed Reactor ‘Na’ fo used as a coofent » good thermal conducttvity 4 (motted) eed a hightempooture eaotly © Fast Breeder Reactors CD) Very smot sire veachor GD enriched Uy or Plutonium can be Ortiouk modeator, used ae fuel GD Cootent #s & liquid metal [molten {Nok} GD) Neutron Sheilding %& provided by boron’ er Creaphite » @) Cramma shelling fs provided by Lead(Pe). Cid Efficieny by liq, Na fs 42% y otner coment 22% * NUCLEAR FUEL * @ v™ @ enricnea v* @® Uranium (V227) © Platoniam 224 aa ot + ZoomMev 437 n Oo Oe! U — ! ® Read farm book © v2? > Thorfunr 22 absors 4 meuteva , becomes, Thorium 228 ane! furtauy breake in 20 minutes ee ni ee breaks inte Protectinfunc’- 238 [a] + Bey L224] Uranium [ravit act dea fue, ® Plutonium — 224 Uy 238 1 ° +2 —+ Plutonium sq NPCIL —> Netional Peer Coorporation of India Limited,ff Reactor ? © Maqui Metal ce oe Na’ fe usecd as a cootent 6 good thermal 7 (motte) conductivity & used at high dempecture easily. © Fast Breeder Reactor $ CD Very smatt sire yeachor Gi} Enriched Vr or Pedonium com be useol as fuel. Withouk modeador. GID Cootent fs c liquid metal /molten {na yi} Gi) Netetron sheilcding i provicect by boron’ or Cprophite » peilding Te provided by Lead(Ph), other come. ab 28%, @) Gamma < OD Effisieny by tig. Na fs 12% 9 * NOCLEAR FUEL * P= @ Ureniuer (v??7) @® Plutoniarr “234 oO 2s enriched UV ae Ball! oO Ut US ety Kr# : ® Kear form voor © 223, Mortum 282 absorbo 4 reuse. .y becomes Thorium a2 anol -furtauy breaks fn 20 minutes Geshe iAk Prolecktntin’ eas ERP] tb Boy [ Ur822] —vranium frail act aaa fut, ® Plutonium — 234 238 U % °. +," —+ Plutonium sq NPCIL —> Netioncl] Power Coorporation of inclia. Limited.+ Meriic of Nuctear Paw Plant. —> Fuel vequirect ts Ta smal! amounts, my Are vequtrerd te Comporifvoly less. —» Most economic for MYA vatfag » Operating cost fe very low, # Selection of Plant Site . D Availibiiity of Water, 2) Distance fom populated Area. 2) Availibilily of space for disposal of waste. 4) “Type of load. #N.P.P in Tnclig, > Robpar Atomica Prorr plant’ CCrufrat ) 2> kalpakham Atomic Power Station, (Modras J 27 Narora Atomi’e Power station. (UR ) 4> kaiga Nuclear Pooer Frank (Harnatatre) 5) Rajadhan Atomic power olatrion (Rafi sPriin) 6>"lorapuy Atomic Rover Station (Mahoraba), +) Tamil. Nadu [ Kundankuiam’| Nuclear Pewoor plant» (Tani Nader)x Hyelograph Woter pischarge 1) Precipitation 3 e + /se 2) Infiliedion, a 3) Evaporation. aoe 4) Transpiration. 5 Dm} a Pe runoff evaporation water level dt Catchme rt Avea ae watershed 4 Ridge Hine | Watershed line de Drainage. Basin. : te" # Drange Density = total length of river streams and dismbutavies total aver of catthment. yemass ConSenetion Equation ST inflow = Dj outflow + 4 Storage Run of | Stb-Surface rnanofF a. Prompt bage Surface runopr oe ‘Direct Runoff Hydrgraph = 6urface Ruvort + PromPe Runoff "* Flood Hyco graph frit? " }rap ‘Tetal Bun off = ‘Direct Run-off 4 Gaze flow exer rainfall Dept NI’ 3 buy [ow FRY orl C8 Hr} — PeAK polat A,B Cs Right Wien oF FH GRE —> Left mb of FH D- Hy —> operational at dime of veinfalt + —> Bese pesiod op few TH QD Ordinate of a Zur flood hydroqraph of Sem excess rainfall clepth, are? Find DRY TF base flow ts 20m, sh a stm > ANSIT au ater Bot. 73 ac eaee ~~ Base Flan lo DRY 30 IN Km wr lo