BIOSPHERE RESERVES UNDER MAB PROGRAMME

Biosphere States Other Protected Other Information

Reserve Covered Areas

National Parks -  Nilgiri Sub-Cluster is

Aralam, Mudumalai, part of Western Ghats
Mukurthi, Nagarhole, [UNESCO World
Nilgiris Bandipur, Silent Valley Heritage Site].
(1986) Tamil Nadu Kerala Wildlife  Ecoregions (3):
(UPPCS Pre 2012) and Karnataka Sanctuaries: South Western Ghats
Wayanad, Karimpuzha, moist deciduous
Sathyamangalam forests, South
Tiger Reserve: Western Ghats
Nagarhole, Bandipur, montain forests, and

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 Mudumalai South Deccan Plateau
dry deciduous forests.

Global Environmental
Facility provided
support to establish
National Park: biosphere reserve, and
Gulf of Mannar Gulf of Mannar
Gulf of Mannar Tamil Nadu Marine National Biosphere Reserve
(1989) Park Trust, which is
(UPPCS Pre 2015) responsible for
coordination of the
management plan for
the biosphere reserve.

National Park:  UNESCO’s World

Sunderbans West Bengal Sunderban Heritage Site.
(1989) National Park  Largest delta and
Sanctuaries: contiguous mangrove
Sundarbans West, forest in world (along
Sundarbans South with Bangladesh).
and Sundarbans
East
Tiger Reserve:
Sunderban

Nanda Devi Uttarakhand National Park: Valley of Flowers is a

(1988) Nanda Devi and world heritage site
(UPPCS Pre 2012) Valley of Flowers  It is drained by the
Sanctuary: Nanda Rishi Ganga river
Devi

The entire area is

mountainous and
Nokrek is the highest
Nokrek Meghalaya National Park: peak of the Garo hills,

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 (1988) (UPPCS Pre Nokrek National rising up 1,412
2013, M 2007) Park metres. (UPPSC RI
2014)

National Park: Highest peak –

Satpura Dhoopgarh
Sanctuary: Bori,  The Pachmarhi
Panchmari Plateau is
Tiger Reserve: also known as the
Panchmari Madhya Satpura Tiger ‘Queen of Satpura’,
(1999) Pradesh Reserve because it
contains valleys,
marshes, streams and
waterfalls

National Park: Highest peak:

Similipal Odisha Similipal Khairiburu
(1994) (UPBEO 2019) Sanctuary:
Hadgarh, Kuldiha
Tiger Reserve:
Similipal
Elephant Reserve:
Mayurbhanj

It is considered to be
one of the major
watersheds of
peninsular India. It
Achanakmar Chhattisgarh Sanctuary: separates the rivers
Amarkantak [major part] Achanakmar Wildlife that drain into the
(2005) and Madhya Sanctuary Arabian Sea
Pradesh and the Bay of
Bengal.

Tribe: Mongoloid
Shompen, Nicobarese

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 Indira Point:
Great Nicobar Andaman and Nicobar National Parks: Southernmost point of
(1989) Islands Campbell Bay, India, was submerged
Galathea in 2004 due to
Sanctuary: Tsunami.
Galathea

Sanctuaries: Tribes: Kanikaran [one

Shendurney, of the oldest surviving
Agasthyamalai Kerala andTamil Nadu Peppara and ancient tribes in the
(2001) (UPPCS Pre 2013) Neyyar world]

One of the world’s 34

biodiversity hotspots
Khangchendzonga Sikkim National Park: and a world heritage
(2000) (UPPCS M 2013) Khangchendzonga site.

National Park: Most sacrosanct

Panna pilgrimage for the
Sanctuary: followers of the
Gangau Pranami sect world
Panna Madhya Tiger Reserve: over
(2011) Pradesh Panna
Critical Tiger
Habitat Area:
Panna National
Park + 3 parts of
Gangau Sanctuary

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 OTHER BIOSPHERE RESERVES IN INDIA

Biosphere State Other protected Other details

Reserve Areas

 Located in Eastern
Himalayan foothills
 Contiguous with
Royal Manas NP,
Bhutan.
In 1992, UNESCO
declared it as world
Manas Assam Manas: National heritage site in danger
(1989) Park, Wildlife due to heavy poaching
Sanctuary, Tiger and terrorist activities.
Reserve However, it was
removed in 2011 due to
preservation
efforts.

Dihang-Dibang Arunachal Pradesh National Park: It covers high

(1998) (UPPCS Mouling mountains of
Pre 2013) Sanctuary: Eastern Himalaya and
Dibang Mishmi Hills.

Sanctuary: It is an extension of
Narayan Sarovar, the Thar Desert.
Kutch Bustard
Sanctuary, Wild Ass
Great Rann of Kutch Gujarat sanctuary [Little
(2008) (UPPCS M 2009) Rann], Kachchh Desert
Wildlife Sanctuary
[Great Rann]
Wetland: Chari

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 Dhand Wetland

National Park: Famous for

Cold Desert Himachal Pradesh Pin Valley Snow Leopard
(2009) (UPRO 2016, Sanctuary:
UPPCS M 2010) Kibber, Sarchu,
Chandratal

TIGER RESERVES IN INDIA

State Name
Andhra Pradesh ● Nagarjunsagar Srisailam
● Namdapha
Arunachal Pradesh ● Kamlang Tiger Reserve
● Pakke (UPPCS M 2008, 2010)
● Manas
● Nameri
Assam
● Orang Tiger Reserve
● Kaziranga
Bihar ● Valmiki
● Udanti-Sitanadi
● Achanakmar
Chhattisgarh ● Indravati
● Guru Ghasidas National Park [UPPSC GIC 2010]
(UPPCS Pre 2020, Lower 2015, UPRO 2016)
Jharkhand ● Palamau
● Bandipur
● Bhadra
Karnataka ● Dandeli-Anshi
● Nagarahole(UPPCS Pre 2002)
● Biligiri Ranganatha Temple

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 ● Periyar(UPPCS Pre 2002)
Kerala
● Parambikulam
● Kanha
● Pench
● Bandhavgarh
Madhya Pradesh
● Panna
● Satpura
● Sanjay-Dubri
● Melghat
● Tadoba-Andhari
● Pench
Maharashtra
● Sahyadri
● Nawegaon-Nagzira
● Bor
Mizoram ● Dampa (UPPCS M 2012)
● Similipal
Odisha
● Satkosia
● Ranthambore
● Sariska (UPPCS M 2012)
Rajasthan ● Mukandra Hills
● Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary
● Dholpur-Karauli Tiger Reserve
● Kalakad-Mundanthurai
● Anamalai
Tamil Nadu ● Mudumalai
● Sathyamangalam
● Meghamalai
● Kawal
Telangana
● Amrabad
● Dudhwa
● Pilibhit
Uttar Pradesh
● Amangarh (buffer of Corbett TR)
● Ranipur Tiger Reserve

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 ● Corbett
Uttarakhand
● Rajaji TR (UPPCS Pre 2014,M 2015)
● Sunderbans
West Bengal
● Buxa
Tamil Nadu ● Srivilliputhur Megamalai

Tiger
 Tiger became the national animal of India in 1973 as the lion was a national
animal before.
 Jim Corbett National Park was created in 1936 for tiger conservation.
 Classified as Endangered as per IUCN Red Databook.
 Schedule 1 animal as per Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
 Tiger can be killed under two conditions-
- Diseased or disabled beyond recovery
- The threat to human life
Largest Tiger Reserve in India– Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve (Andhra Pradesh,
Telangana)
Smallest Tiger Reserve in India– Bor Tiger Reserve (Maharashtra)
A tiger reserve is demarcated on the basis of ‘core-buffer strategy’ which includes:
(i) Core zone
(ii) Buffer zone
The world celebrated Global Tiger Day on July 29.

Tiger Census

 The Prime Minister of India has released the figures of the 5th cycle of India’s Tiger
Census 2022, revealing 6.7% in the increase in the past four years.

 The PM has released the Census while inaugurating the International Big Cat Alliance
(IBC) in Karnataka’s Mysuru, organised to mark 50 years of Project Tiger.

 Population has grown by 200 from 2018 to 2022. The current tiger population in India is
3,167, up from 2,967 in 2018.

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  The growth rate slowed to 6.7% in the four years from 2018 to 2022, from around 33%
during 2014-2018.

 The highest population of Tigers in India is in the state of Madhya Pradesh, with 526

Tigers, followed by Karnataka, with 524 Tigers.

CONSERVATION & ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS IN INDIA

Legislations Year
Indian Forest Act 1927
Man and the biosphere program(MAB) of UNESCO 1971
Wildlife Protection Act [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2015, 2016] 1972
Project Tiger 1973
Project crocodile 1975
Forest Conservation Act 1980
Environment Protection Act
1986
[U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014]
National Forest Policy [U.P.P.C.S. (Pre) 2014] 1988
Project Elephant 1992
Biodiversity Act [U.P.U.D.A.(Mains) 2010] 2002
Indian Rhino Vision 2020 2005
Schedule Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers
2006
(Recognition of Forest Rights) Act
Solid Waste Management Rules
2016

Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules 2016

Bio-medical Waste Management Rules 2016
Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules 2017
Hazardous and Other Wastes(Management
2019
and Transboundary Movement) Amendment Rules
Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill 2021
Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Bill 2022
E-Waste Management Rules 2022
Plastic Waste Management Rules 2022

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Forest (Conservation) Rules 2022

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