Myrelle Jasmine C.

Cucio Group #7
Aliah Cassey M. Tajan Case study 2
BSCE-2E

PROPOSED 4-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN KAPITAN PEPE

ITRODUCTION
A 4-storey commercial building that pioneers innovative approaches to water distribution and
management. Water, an invaluable resource, it is one of the four basic needs as a human therefore a
certain amount of water fixtures is needed, correct water pressure, energy efficient, effective
maintenance cost and the overall functionality must cater to everyone's demands, which is often
overlooked in the realm of commercial real estate development. However, this case study focuses on a
paradigm shift within the industry, showcasing how thoughtful design and strategic planning can
revolutionize water usage in urban environments. By examining the implementation of the most
sustainable water distribution system within this commercial edifice, we uncover a blueprint for the
most efficient and sustainable water distribution system.

The journey of this 4-storey commercial building in Kapitan Pepe transcends conventional
notions of construction and operation. It serves as a living testament to the power of sustainability in
shaping our built environment for the better. From rainwater harvesting to greywater recycling, every
facet of its water distribution system is meticulously designed to minimize waste, reduce
consumption, and promote resilience in the face of water scarcity. Through this case study, we delve
into the intricacies of its design, the challenges encountered during implementation, and the
measurable impact it has had on both the local community and the broader environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Situated in Kapitan Pepe, Cabanatuan City, the selected site for the 4-storey commercial
building, incorporating commercial space, offices, and communal areas, demands an efficient and
sustainable water distribution system. The primary water provider, Cabanatuan City Water District -
Prime Water Cabanatuan City, serves the entirety of the city, including the Kapitan Pepe subdivision.
Their main office, located in Barangay Dicarma, is approximately 2.7 kilometers away.

ANALYSIS
Cabanatuan City Water District - Prime Water Cabanatuan City provides a minimum of 10
psi and an average of 18.26 psi, in consideration of the water pressure, energy efficiency,
maintenance cost and the overall functionality three(3) types of water distribution system is
available, namely, Upfeed distribution, Downfeed, and Hydro pneumatic system.

1. Upfeed Distribution (Direct)

Upfeed distribution offer several advantages, primarily in optimizing space efficiency and
reducing cost. These solutions allow enterprises to maximize storage and operational capacity in
space-constrained areas by effectively utilizing vertical space (Haugen, 2009). Upfeed
distribution systems do have several disadvantages. One of them is the additional energy needed
to move items against gravity, which raises operating costs in comparison to downfeed systems
(Perry & Green, 2007). Another significant drawback of upfeed systems is their complexity in
terms of design and maintenance, since they frequently require more sophisticated configurations
and specialized equipment to function effectively (Deutscher, 2012). Moreover, a recurring
problem is the possibility of obstructions or jams since products traveling against gravity would
be more likely to become obstructed, which would cause downtime and maintenance
interruptions (Haugen, 2009). Similarly with all water distribution systems and for upfeed
distribution it is only optimized between 40-60 feet high and with a minimum of 10psi the system
will struggle to maintain supply to all water fixtures making an upfeed distribution not the most
ideal choice.

2. Downfeed (Indirect)
 Downfeed distribution systems are highly favorable in terms of energy economy and design
simplicity. One of the key benefits of these systems is their inherent energy efficiency, as goods
are transported downward by gravity without of requiring additional power sources or
mechanical parts (Muller, 2013). Because downfeed systems save running costs, they are a
popular option for businesses searching for ecologically friendly distribution solutions.
Moreover, design and ease of use reduce maintenance requirements and the likelihood of system
failures, increasing reliability and uptime (Haugen, 2009). A notable constraint is their
dependence on gravity forces, which limits their applicability in settings with restricted vertical
clearance or intricate arrangements (Koster et al., 2008). While upfeed systems can make better
use of vertical space, downfeed systems could need larger footprints in order to handle product
flow. Furthermore, because objects may face impact forces during descent, the gravitational
movement of the products might increase the danger of damage, particularly for delicate or
fragile items (Perry & Green, 2007). This system’s limitations are on the pressure per zone
limited at about 138 feet high, in comparison downfeed distribution seems to be more
suited rather than an upfeed dristribution system.

3. Hydro Pneumatic System (Indirect)

Hydro-pneumatic systems offers unique benefits in various industrial applications. Their capacity
to offer exact control over force and motion while keeping a comparatively small and light design
is one of their main advantages (Li, 2016). Furthermore, the energy efficiency of these systems
minimizes the requirement for hydraulic fluid and the corresponding energy consumption (Hong
et al., 2020). This can save money and have positive effects on the environment, particularly in
applications where energy efficiency is a top concern. Furthermore, because hydro-pneumatic
systems don't require electricity and may function in dangerous conditions without running the
risk of sparking or experiencing an electrical breakdown, they have intrinsic safety benefits
(Simaan, 2018). Their dependency on compressed air is one of their drawbacks, as variations in
temperature or air pressure can cause variability in performance (Yildirim et al., 2017). To
maintain consistent operation in the face of this variability, extra control measures or
maintenance may be necessary. Hydro-pneumatic systems can also be more difficult to develop,
implement, and maintain. This complexity may counteract some of the benefits of energy
efficiency by raising startup expenses and continuing maintenance requirements.

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
1. http://www.ccwd.com.ph/
2. https://www.strategosinc.com/admin/buy/ns/NAVSUP_529_samples.pdf
3. https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780071422949
4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
323006095_Analysis_of_Material_Handling_Systems_Based_on_Discrete_Time_Design_Modul
es
5. https://edumind.com/assets/images/new/inner-pages/courses/are/are-pdd-book-preview.pdf
6. https://search.worldcat.org/title/Sustainable-logistics-and-supply-chains-:-innovations-and-
integral-approaches/oclc/920519645
7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
294682198_Design_of_Energy_Efficient_Hydraulic_Systems_-
_System_Concepts_and_Control_Aspects