ICSE X | Geography

Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)

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ICSE
Class X
Geography
Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)

PART-I
Solution 1
(i) (a) 0123
(b) Lined perennial well
(ii)(a) Northwest
(b) 302 in grid square 0425 is a spot height
(iii) Two factors that provide evidence that the region in the map extract is a rural region is
that there are no large settlements and there is an absence of metalled roads.
(iv) (a) The rainfall in 0721 is seasonal as the ground is broken. Broken grounds are
formed along the banks of seasonal rivers due to alternate dry and wet periods.
(b) The existence of large number of lined perennial wells indicates that the rainfall is
seasonal in the region.
(v) (a) Barren lands and seasonal streams and trees are two natural features in 0527.
(b) Settlements and motorable roads in dry season are two man made features in 0325.

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 ICSE X | Geography
Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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Solution 2

Solution 3
(i) (d) The Southern Coromandel Coast
(ii) (a) Laterite soil
(iii) (a) Sheet
(iv) (c) Shelter Belts
(v) (c) Date palm
(vi) (d) It is only recently that water harvesting has begun to be practiced in India
(vii) (c) Composting
(viii) (d) Airways
(ix) (a) Sugar
(x) (a) Germany

Solution 4
(a) Two types of cyclonic systems that affect India and two areas that receive rainfall
from them are:
 Westerly depression which affects Punjab and Haryana.
 Tropical cyclones that affect the state of Tamil Nadu.

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 ICSE X | Geography
Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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(b) Two important characteristics of the southwest monsoon rainfall are:
 It is orographic in nature. This means that the distribution of rainfall is largely
governed by topography or the relief features. For example, it rains heavily in the
northeastern region of the country due to the presence of mountains.
 The rainfall is uneven and unreliable.
(c) Geographical reasons:
(i) Malabar Coast gets heavy rainfall from the southwest monsoon in July, while the
state of Tamil Nadu remains dry during the season. This is because Tamil Nadu is
located parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of the southwest monsoon.
(ii) Since the northern plains lie in the interior of the continent and are not
influenced by the moderate influence of the sea, they experience continental type
of climate.
(iii) Regions lying on the windward side of the mountains receive heavier rainfall than
the regions lying on to the leeward side of the mountains. Since central
Maharashtra lies on the leeward side of the Western Ghats, it receives little
rainfall.
(d) (i) Annual rainfall experienced by all the stations= sum total of rainfall during all the
twelve months= 114.3cm
(ii) The name of the station is Tamil Nadu as the temperature remains moderate
throughout the year and the rainfall is heaviest during the beginning of winter
season.
(iii) Season during which rainfall is heaviest is during the months of retreating
monsoon and in winter. It rains the heaviest in the month of October.

Solution 5
(a) Rainwater harvesting is the method of collecting rainwater for use before it reaches
the ground. Generally, rainwater is collected from the rooftop through pipes and
stored in underground storage structures. Rainwater harvesting is useful in the
following ways:
 It recharges ground water as the collected water in a natural reservoir seep into
the ground increasing the level of water table.
 It provides water for domestic use during the summer season when most of the
country suffer from water scarcity.
(b) In drip irrigation, water is given directly to the crops through perforated pipes which
are placed between rows of crops. This method reduces the rate of evaporation and
helps in conserving water.
(c) Tank irrigation is largely practised in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. Rainwater
could be stored in the tanks which otherwise flow out and get wasted. This water is
then used for irrigation.
(d) Three reasons to justify the need to conserve water:
 A large and growing population in India has resulted in the scarcity of water
resources in the country. Hence, we need to conserve water.
 To provide food resources for such a vast population, water resources are
overused to irrigate agricultural fields. Indiscriminate use of wells and tube wells
has led to a considerable decline in the water table.
 The establishment of various industries has resulted in the further exploitation of
water resources. The discharge of industrial effluents has also degraded the
quality of water.

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Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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Solution 6
(a) Two characteristics of the tropical desert forests:
 The trees are stunted with large patches of coarse grasses.
 Plants have long roots which go out deep into the soil in search of water. Leaves
are waxy, small and thick to reduce transpiration.
(b) Three key differences between the tropical evergreen and tropical deciduous forests:

Tropical evergreen forest Tropical deciduous forest

These are found in regions which receive
more than 200 cm of rainfall.
The trees of the tropical evergreen
forests do not shed their leaves at the
same time as there is no particular
season for shedding leaves.
These forests are dense. They are found
in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the
Lakshadweep, upper parts of Assam and
Tamil Nadu and on the western slopes of
the Western Ghats.
These are found in regions which receive
rainfall of 200–70 cm.
The trees of the deciduous forests shed
their leaves for about six to eight months
during the dry season.
These forests are less dense. They are
found in the northeastern states, parts of
central India, West Odisha and
Chhattisgarh.

(c) (i) There is no definite season for the tropical evergreen trees to shed their leaves. All
trees do not shed their leaves at the same time. Hence, these forests always appear
green.
(ii) Forest cover is shrinking in India at a rapid pace. Afforestation or special
programmes like ‘Van Mahotsav’ should be launched and celebrated on a large scale.
This will create awareness among the people regarding the protection of forests. It
will also inspire people to plant more trees to maintain ecological balance in the
country.
(iii) In higher latitudes above 3600m, the climatic conditions become extremely
harsh and are covered by snow in the mountainous regions. No vegetation except
mosses and lichens can survive in such a cold and a harsh climate.
(d) Two objectives of the social forestry:
 To recognise, restore and reallocate the forest lands to the inhabitants for the
management and protection of forests.
 The forest department should work in close cooperation with local communities.

Solution 7
(a) Differences between the bangar and the khadar soil:
Bangar soil Khadar soil
It is old alluvial soil. It is new alluvial soil.
It has higher concentration of kankar It has less concentration of kankar
nodules. nodules.
It is comparatively less fertile. It is more fertile as it is deposited every
year during the monsoon floods

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Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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(b) (i) Alluvial soil
(ii) Red soil
(iii) Laterite soil
(iv) Black soil
(c) (i) Alluvial soil is also called riverine soil because it is mainly found in the river basins.
(ii)Black soil is called a residual soil as it is formed at the place of its origin.
(iii) Laterite soil appear red in colour because of the presence of iron oxide formed
during leaching.
(d) (i) Gully erosion: This occurs during heavy rainfall when running water cuts through
the soil making deep channels. The land thus becomes unsuitable for cultivation and
is known as bad land.
(ii) Afforestation: Afforestation is the process of planting areas of land with trees, to
form a forest.
iii) Terrace farming: It is a method to prevent soil erosion in hilly regions. When
steps are cut out on the slopes of the hills making terraces, it reduces soil erosion.

Answer 8
(a) Manganese is found in India in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Goa. Its use is that it
is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry as it is used for hardening
steel and prevents it from rusting.
(b) Two advantages of petroleum:
 It has a high density. One kg of oil can generate 10,000 kcal of energy.
 Petroleum is liquid in form and can be transported through pipes or vehicles.
(c) Hirakud dam is located on river Mahanadi. Two benefits of this dam are:
 The dam helps control floods in the Mahanadi delta ad irrigates 75,000 sq. km of
land
 The project provides irrigation to the ‘kharif’ and ‘rabi’ crops in districts of
Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir and Subarnpur.
(d) Three advantages of using nuclear energy:
 Nuclear energy is a renewable source of energy and it reduced the dependency on
fossil fuels for the generation of energy.
 It saves on the cost of raw materials. Its transportation and handling cost is also
minimal.
 It initiates a continuous process of energy production. A nuclear power plant
generates electricity for almost 90% of annual time.

Solution 9
(a) Two steps that have been taken to improve agricultural production in India:
 The government has introduced various laws to improve the condition of Indian
agriculture such as the abolition of the Zamindari Act.
 The government has provided a lot of support to the farmers like it has announced
minimum support prices for the crops and has provided subsidies to farmers for
purchasing fertilisers and seeds.
(b) Sowing months of rabi crops are from October to December and kharif crops are
sowed in the month of July. Two rabi crops are wheat and barley. Two kharif crops
are rice and maize.
(c) Two climatic conditions required for the growth of ground nut are:

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Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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 Groundnut grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climate and can be damaged
because of frost.
 It requires a temperature of 20°C to 25°C.
Sandy loams and well-drained soils are considered suitable for groundnut cultivation
(d) Two methods that are used to grow tea are:
 One way of planting tea is that first high-quality seeds are sown in nurseries. The
saplings are then transplanted within a year in a tea garden.
 Tea shrubs can also be grown in nurseries from the cutting of high-yielding
varieties. This is known as the clonal planting method of propagating tea.

Solution 10
(a) Sugar industries have shifted to the south because of the following reasons:
 The climate of South India is free from the effects of summer loo and winter frost
which are suitable for growing superior varieties of sugarcane. The production
period is also long.
 Black soil is more fertile than the alluvial soil of north India. The sugarcane here is
of superior quality with higher yield.
 The excellent transport facilities in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu have resulted in
an increased number of sugarcane mills in these regions
(b) Two differences between agro based and mineral based industries:

Agro based industries Mineral based industries

These industries use agricultural These industries use minerals as raw
products as raw materials. materials.
Example: Sugar and tea industry Example: iron steel and automobile
industry.

(c) Rourkela steel industry get its supply of coal from Jharia, talcher and korba fields; iron
ore from singbhum and mayurbhanj and water supply from river Damodar.
(d) Two raw materials used by the petrochemical industry are the products of petroleum,
LPG and coal. Two of its finished products are synthetic fibres and synthetic rubber.

Solution 11
(a) Two differences between the national and the state highways:
National Highways State Highways
National highways are constructed and State highways are constructed and
maintained by the central government maintained by the state government.
They connect major cities, industrial These connect district headquarters,
centres and pilgrim places across the tourist centres, pilgrim towns and
country. national highways within the state.

(b) Three advantages of roadways over railways:

(i) Roadways give door to door services while people have to use roadways in order
to use railways.
(ii) Construction of roads is cheaper than the railways.
(iii) It is easier to build roads in hilly, desert and mountainous regions.
(c) Two disadvantages of airways:

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Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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 It is the costliest means of transport and hence is out of the reach of common
people.
 Unlike roads and railways, airways have still not been connected to the smallest
cities.
(d) (i) Paradip port
(ii) Chennai port
(iii) Kochi port

Solution 12
(a) Composting is the method of waste management in which household and municipal
wastes are decomposed by the aerobic method. The wastes are decomposed by
microorganisms. Two of its advantages are:
 Enhances soil nutrition and soil water retention capacity
 Increases the soil fertility by adding humus
(b) Waste management is essential because of the following reasons:
 Increase in population has led to the large-scale accumulation of wastes. Hence, it
is important to manage the wastes.
 There are dangers of spreading many diseases when wastes get accumulated on
land and water bodies.
(c) Reusing of waste is important because:
 Reusing of goods help in reducing the amount of waste we produce, as well as the
number of resources that are used to produce new items.
 Reducing saves energy as manufacturing of new products consume energy.
(d) (i) The dumping of different types of wastes makes
such dumping grounds the breeding ground of mosquitoes and flies which may
spread disease and harm human health.
(ii) Plastic bags are non-biodegradable and cause a huge loss to the environment.
They choke the pipes and cause sewage problems. Hence, people have started using
bags of jute or cotton.
(iii) It is important to recycle the wastes as it helps to keep materials out of landfills
and reduces the need to produce new products from scratch and reduces the amount
of waste generation.

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