REVIEWER information, communicated, and

shared experiences.
UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL AND o The rise of cable televisions in
each home. It enabled people
CULTURAL CHANGE
to watch the news as it happens
in real time in any part of the
world.
o The upbringing of different
• Social Change – it refers to
technological instruments
transformations that alter the roles and such as gadgets and
status of people as well as the structure electronic devices. The
widespread use of laptops and
and organization of society and cellphones also provided people
institutions. broader and easier access to a
variety of information and
• Cultural Change – it refers to the
media.
dynamic process where the living o The emergence of new
cultures of the world change and adapt to technologies also improved
information exchange, enabling
external and internal forces. people to instantly give
feedback on issues and events
in their society.

GLOBALIZATION, TECHNOLOGY, AND Disadvantages brought by technology that

DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS
TECHNOLOGY
William Ogburn considers technology as the
primary factor that induces social change.
➢ He is an American sociologist who
was born in Butler, Georgia and died
in Tallahassee, Florida. He was also
a statistician and an educator.
The digital age brought about a technological
revolution that paved the way for the
emergence of different things that affects our
daily lives.
• The emergence of social media
and various online platforms such
as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.
These developments forever
changed the way people acquired
may affect social change.
➢ Rise of fake news
➢ Online trolls
➢ Usage of social media as a medium
of corruption
➢ Misinformation
GLOBALIZATION
Globalization has been said to be the key
driver of social change.
Globalization refers to the economic,
cultural, and political processes that connect
state and non-state elements in a manner
that transcends territorial boundaries.
Globalization has brought about increased
interconnectedness in economic and
financial relations, as well as in political
events, worldwide.
2 Examples of how globalization affects
social change:
1. Political transformations, likewise,
have increasingly been influenced by
new technologies. Several political
events and uprisings either had their
roots from social media or gained ground
due to extensive information sharing
through online media.
2. Advancement in technologies
resulted to different ways people in
other countries revolt on their
government.
• In 2001, the popular movement
that ousted former president
Joseph Ejercito Estrada used
text messaging as a key source
of information and catalyst for
collective organization and
action.
• EDSA people power revolution
2, is a political protest that has
been done peacefully to
overthrow the government of
Joseph Estrada.
• The internet and social media
played a significant role in the
series of uprisings that erupted
in North Africa and the Middle
East in 2010 which became
known as the "Arab Spring."
The events of the Arab Spring
resulted in the ouster of long-time dictators in
the region, such as Moammar Qaddafi of
Libya and Hosni Mubarak of Egypt.
DEMOGRAPHIC SHIFTS
Demographic shifts can likewise result in
social change.
Demographic means a structure or a
sector of population
A significant change in a population's
composition, structure, size, and location can
have major effects on society. Population
changes can be brought about by
industrialization, urbanization, natural
disasters, and conflicts.
Example of how demographic shifts affect
social change.
➢ In the Philippines, a large part of the
working population chooses to
migrate to other countries in search of
employment. The Commission on
Filipinos Overseas (CFO) estimates
that there are more than 10 million
Filipinos in more than 200 countries
and territories around the world, and
that one in ten Filipinos has a relative
or acquaintance who is a migrant.
This phenomenon has brought about
a "culture of migration" where
traveling abroad for work has become
an opportunity for many Filipinos to
better their lives.
➢ Japan and South Korea, meanwhile,
have also been experiencing a
number of significant cultural
changes driven by demographic
shifts.
DECREASE IN WOMEN WHO
WANTS TO BE MARRIED
It is a common phenomenon
in these societies for people,
particularly women, to postpone
marriage until later in life. There
is a growing number of women
who have been delaying
marriage to focus on their
careers, with many opting to
remain unmarried. This has
resulted in a population shift
where the young population is
steadily decreasing.
 INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF • Technology is an important factor that
MEN MARRYING FOREIGN
enables the diffusion of ideas and
WOMEN
innovations throughout society.
Another result of this
phenomenon is the growing
tendency of Japanese and • Innovations lead to social change when
Korean men, especially those
new ideas begin to spread throughout a
living in rural areas, to marry
foreign women, usually from society through diffusion.
Southeast Asia.
A significant social change which involved
➢ This has been brought by the
increasing number of old people in the gradual acceptance of new technology
these countries that has resulted in was the introduction of the mobile phone.
an increased need for caregivers.
Mobile phones were introduced during
A solution to these concerns is the
settlement of foreigners into these 1990s.
countries for employment and
marriage. People initially thought that it would not gain

Though Japanese and Korean culture frown popularity as landline phones and
upon the practice of marrying foreigners, correspondence through the mail were still
recent fears of a declining labor force and
the conventional meant of communication.
shrinking population have led their
respective governments to encourage
This development gave rise to a way of life
marriage migration through grants and
multicultural programs. characterized by:

1. Ease of communication

PROCESSES OF SOCIAL CHANGE 2. Quick access to information

3. Increased capability for information
Social change – primarily driven by the
exchange
processes of innovation and diffusion.

Innovation – process of introducing new

ideas, things, and methods in society. • The spread of ideas is also a significant
part of social change. The recognition
– improvement of things and
of women's rights, for example, is a
processes and is primarily driven by
significant idea that brought about social
technological changes.
change.
Diffusion – the spread of certain elements
from one group to another in society.
• By the end of the 19th century, many SOCIAL CONTRADICTIONS AND
countries have recognized the right of TENSIONS
women to vote, marking the first big step
• Social Contradictions – it occurs when
in recognizing women's rights.
two social groups or classes are so
• During the Second World War, women
different that a compromise between
were employed in male-dominated
them is impossible.
occupations, such as manufacturing
• Social Tension – it is the result of
and construction.
unresolved social contradictions which
• The invention of the birth control pill
leads to a probable struggle or revolution.
in the 1950s gave women greater control
over their bodies.
• Social change, however, can also
underscore continual tensions and
contradictions in society.
• The plight of laborers has improved
over the centuries, but despite the
transformations that resulted in worker's
benefits, some challenges still remain
unaddressed.

ACCULTURATION AND ASSIMILATION

• Acculturation – the process by which

individuals or groups learn aspects of a
culture that is not their own.
• Assimilation – the process by which an
individual or group fully adopts another
culture.