C2.

1a The structure of atoms F

Name Class Date

1 Use the words in the box to complete the spaces.

electrons    neutrons    nucleus    protons    small

Atoms consist of a central containing protons and . The

nucleus is compared to the size of the whole atom. The nucleus is surrounded
by in energy levels (also called shells). Atoms have no electric charge because
they contain the same number of and electrons.

2 Complete the table using words and numbers from the box.
NUCLEUS
–1    0    +1    1    1    very small CONTAINS PROTONS
AND NEUTRONS

Particle Mass Charge

Proton
ELECTRONS IN
Neutron ENERGY LEVELS
Electron SHELLS

3 Use the words in the box to complete the spaces.

protons    protons    neutrons

Atomic number = number of .

Mass number = number of + number of .

4 The number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom can be worked out using the atomic
number and mass number. Work out how many protons, neutrons and electrons there are in the
atom shown.
mass number 19
Number of protons = atomic number
atomic number
Symbol    e.g.
9
F
Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number

Number of electrons = atomic number protons =

neutrons =

electrons =

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© Pearson Education Limited 2007 AQA GCSE Additional Science Copymaster File 141
 C2.1a The structure of atoms (continued) F

5 Use the words from the box to complete the spaces. Each word may be used once or more than
once.

atomic    mass    neutrons    protons

Atoms of the same element have the same number of . It is the number of
protons that determines what type of atom it is. For example, all atoms with six protons are
carbon atoms. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of .

Isotopes are atoms of the same element. They contain the same number of protons but a different
number of . In other words, they have the same number
but a different number.

6 Complete the table about some atoms.

Atom Atomic Mass number Number of Number of Number of

number protons neutrons electrons
23
Na
11

Li 3 7

Ar 40 18

K 19 20

Al 14 13

Cl 17 18

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142 AQA GCSE Additional Science Copymaster File © Pearson Education Limited 2007