Lecture-2.

pdf

ari___07

Operacions Aeroportuàries II

2º Grado en Gestión Aeronáutica

Escuela de Ingeniería
Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona

Reservados todos los derechos.

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
 Lecture 2

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Impacts of the airline industry on airports
- Economic deregulation of airline Markets
- Increased competition among airlines.
- Lower airfares: changes to route networks and service quality
- Variety of airline business models.
Changes in airline industry affect many different facets of airport operations.

Reservados todos los derechos.

What is “airline fleet”?
Fleet: total number and typology of aircraft.
Aircraft type:
- Range
- Size
- Technical factors: take-off and landing weights

AIRPORTS – Environmental concerns and regulations, Technical progress, Airline. Frequency

competitions

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-3671945
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-3671945
si lees esto me debes un besito
Reservados todos los derechos.
No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
 - Small new-generation narrow-body aircrafts – increased frequency of lights on
competitive short-haul routes.
- Wide-body aircraft – expanded airline network primarily through grow of connecting
hubs.
impact on airports
Airline fleet decisions determine the aircraft types that should be served by an airport:

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
- Gate configurations
- Runway and taxiway requirements
- Terminal waiting lounge and passengers processing facilities.

AIRLINE NETWORK STRUCTURES

Reservados todos los derechos.

The dominant network structure for the vast majority of the world’s largest airlines is
the “hub and-spoke” model, in contrast to the simpler “point-to-point” operations of some
smaller new entrant carriers.
Hub network:
- Large number of O-Dmarkets can be served with less resources – fewer flights and
aircraft and fewer flight crew and airline staff.
- More opportunities for real-time “swapping” of aircraft in case of mechanical or
weather delays or cancellations.
- Easier to open new routes to smaller spoke cities.
- Longer turnaround times compared to point-to-point networks > higher operational
costs.
- Sensitiveness oh hubs to flight delays.
The economical advantages of hub networks overweight their increased operational costs.
Impact on airports
- Airports must understand the changing business models and network characteristics
of airlines with differing values and objectives, in order to offer them attractive
proposals.

si lees esto me debes un besito

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-3671945
 - L ow cost carriers – airports or terminals offering short turnaround times and less

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
congestion.
- Large network carriers airports – offering an adequate amount of connecting traffic
from the new spoke city via its hub.
AIRLINE SCHEDULING OPTIMISATION
What is airline schedule?
- Scheduling determines where and when the airline will fly
- Schedules are built to maximize long-term profitability
Restrictions:
- Gates and slots
- Operational restrictions
- Airport restrictions

Reservados todos los derechos.

- Locations of the crew and maintenance plans.
The airline development process involves five interrelated decisions:
- Frequency
How many flights per day should be operated on each route in the network?
The primary determinant of airline market share, particularly on short-haul routes. The
competitions for time-sensitives business travellers who pay higher fares than leisure
travellers.
- Timetable development
What will be the departure and arrival time of each flight?
Peak departure times (early morning and late afternoon) are most attractive both to business
travellers and leisure traveller.
Trade-off between aircraft utilisation (block hours per day) and schedule convenience for the
passengers.

Limitations of the timetable development:

1. Time zone differences – flights from eastern cities of North America to Europe
typically do not depart before 4PM.

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-3671945
 2. Airlines hubs with fixed connecting banks – predetermined arrival and departure
times.
3. Airport arrival and departure slot times.
4. Noise-relates regulations

- Fleet assignment
What aircraft type (fleet) will be used for each flight departure?
Allocations of the specific aircraft type on each flight leg-

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
Objective: minimise the combined cost of spoilage (flying empty seats), spill (failing to
accommodate passengers) and aircraft operating costs.
To be considered: issue of large aircraft on non-peak days.
- Aircraft rotations
How will available aircraft be routed over the airline’s network?
The aircraft rotation problem is to determinate the specific route flown by each aircraft.
The objective is to maximise the benefit derived from making specific connections.

Reservados todos los derechos.

- Crew scheduling
How to assign crew to flights?
Pairing: sequence of flights that start and end at a crew home base.
Constraints due to crew work rules and labour frameworks
Number of possible pairings is often very large
Impact on airports
Airline. scheduling can create surges of aircraft and passengers activity that may need
high airport (runways, taxiways, capacity gates, waiting areas, etc.).

si lees esto me debes un besito

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-3671945
 AIRLINE OPERATIONS AT THE AIRPORT
- Disruptions in ground operations.
- Limited number of gates available for airline company.
- Flow limitations on the capacity of taxiways and runways.
- The availability of equipment and ground crew resources operated by both the airline
and the airport.
- Air traffic control congestion and delays.
Airline’s station control is responsible for implementing the schedule plan according

No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.
to company goals for on-time performance and overall flight completion.
It must coordinate aircraft and crew operations, and process the airline’s passengers,
baggage and cargo.
In hubs the stations control ensures that passengers baggage make their connecting
flights (it must trade off the costs and benefits of holding a flight at the gate beyond its
scheduled departure time when one or more incoming flights have been disrupted.)

Reservados todos los derechos.

The airport competition:
- Airports compete for passengers through airlines as passengers decide between two
or more airports depending on access time, ticket fare and airline’s services.
- Airports compete directly for airlines.
Airlines are either directly or indirectly involved in airport competition.

si lees esto me debes un besito

a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-3671945
a64b0469ff35958ef4ab887a898bd50bdfbbe91a-3671945
Reservados todos los derechos.
No se permite la explotación económica ni la transformación de esta obra. Queda permitida la impresión en su totalidad.