UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Microprocessors
(CpE 323)
Prepared by:
JEANNALEN P. LUNOD
Department of Computer Engineering
 Topic Outline
• Introduction to Microprocessors
• Basic principles of microprocessors
• Difference among microprocessors,
microcontrollers and DSPs (Digital Signal
Processors)
• Embedded system

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Intended Learning Outcomes
• ILO1: define what is microprocessor
• ILO2: identify the different components
of a microprocessor
• ILO3: distinguish among microprocessor,
microcontroller and DSP
• ILO4: define what is embedded system
• ILO5: cite some examples of embedded
systems

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 Introduction to
Microprocessors
• A microprocessor
is a programmable
logic device with a
designed set of
instructions.

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• It contains three
primary
components:
• processing unit
(ALU),
• memory, and
• input and output
(I/O).

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• Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
- performs arithmetic operations such as
addition and subtraction, and, logic
operations such as AND, IOR and XOR.
• Memory
- storage of instructions and data.
• Input and output (I/O)
- analogue or digital; for external
communication.
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 Microprocessors,
Microcontrollers and DSPs
Microprocessors • Microprocessor is
an “umbrella” term
for all types of
processor.
• Microcontrollers
and DSPs evolved
Microcontrollers DSPs from the original
microprocessors.

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Microcontrollers
• processors specifically designed for
control applications.
DSPs
• processors specifically designed for
digital signal processing.
Microprocessors
• processors for general purpose
processing.

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 Embedded Systems
• A special-purpose computer system which is
completely encapsulated by the device it
controls
• An embedded system has specific
requirements and performs pre-defined
tasks, unlike a general-purpose personal
computer.

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 Example applications of
embedded microcontrollers
• Household appliances
• Microwave ovens
• Refrigerators
• TV and VCRs
• stereos
• Computers and computer equipment
• Laser printers
• Modems
• Disk drives
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• Environmental control
• Greenhouse
• Factory
• home
• Cars
• Engine control
• diagnostics

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 Summary
• A microprocessor is a programmable logic
device with a designed set of instructions.
• It contains three primary components:
processing unit (ALU), memory, and input
and output (I/O).
• Microprocessor is an “umbrella” term for all
types of processor.

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• Microcontrollers are processors specifically
designed for control applications.
• DSPs are processors specifically designed
for digital signal processing.
• Microprocessors are processors for general
purpose processing.
• Embedded system is a special-purpose
computer system which is completely
encapsulated by the device it controls.
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• Household appliances, computers and
computer equipment, environmental control
and cars are some example applications of
embedded microcontrollers

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 References
• Duran, F. (2011). Introduction to PIC16
Microcontroller Programming and Interfacing.
Unpublished.
• Peren, G. B. (2004). The Right PIC.
• Wilmshurst, T. (2010). Designing Embedded
Systems with PIC Microcontrollers: Principles
and Applications 2nd Ed.

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