úoHdj

11 fY%aKsh

tallh 01 - ýú mgl (Ydl mgl yd i;aj mgl)

,xld m%idoa
( B.Sc (sp).University Of Peradeniya )
mglhla hkq "
 Ôù foayhl wvx.= jk" ksYaÑ; lD;Hhla bgq lsÍu i`oyd ieliqkq fmdÿ iïNjhla
iys; ffi, iuQyhla

mgl

Ydl mgl i;aj mgl

wmsÉPo mgl

úNdcl mgl iaÓr mgl iïnkaOl mgl

fmaYs mgl

w.%ia: úNdcl ir, iaÓr mgl ixlS¾K iaÓr mgl iakdhq mgl
wka;ria: úNdcl
md¾Yaúl úNdcl uDÿia;r mgl ffY,u mglh
ia:Q,fldaKdia;r mgl maf,dahu mglh
oDVia;r mgl

Ydl mgl
Ydl uq,

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úNdckh ùfï ^fn§u& yelshdj mokï lrf.k Ydl mgl m%Odk ldKav folls
 úNdcl mgl
 iaÓr mgl

a) úNdcl mgl
 wkqkk úNdckhg ,la fõ'
 kj ffi, we;s lrhs
 ffi, úfNaokhg ,la ù fkdue;

úNdcl mglj, ,laIK

 m%udKfhka l=vd iÔù ffi, fõ'
 wka;¾ ffi,Sh wjldY rys; fõ'
 lemS fmfkk úYd, kHIaá we;'
 úYd, uOH ßla;lhla ke;' l=vd ßla;l ;sìh yels h'
 yß;,j ke;'
 uhsfgdfldkaä%hd úYd, ixLHdjla we;'

úNdcl mgl j¾.

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b) iaÓr mgl
iaÓr mgl hkq"
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 iaÓr mgl wdldr 2 ls
o ir, ia:sr mgl - tlu j¾.fha ffi, iuqykh ù we;
o ixlS¾K iaÓr mgl - fjkia j¾.fha ffi, iuqykh ù we;
 ir, iaÓr Ydl mgl
 tla ffi, j¾.hla muKla we;'
 m%Odk lD;Hh - ixiaf,aYKh" ixÑ;h" wdrlaIdj" ixOdrKh
 j¾. 03 ls

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01. uDÿia:r mglh

uDÿia;r mglfha ,laIK

 iÔù ffi, fõ'

 úYd, uOH ßla;l we;
 f.da,dldr ^iuúIalïNsl& ffi, fõ'
 kHIaáh ffi, ma,diaufha m¾hka;j msysg hs'
 b;d ;=kS ffi, ì;a;shla mj;sk w;r th
fi,shqf,daiaj,ska iE§ we;
 ffi, w;r wka;¾ ffi,Sh wjldY we;'
uDÿia;r mglfha msysgSu
 Ydl lf`oa ndyslh yd uÊcdj
 uqf,a ndyslh yd uÊcdj
 M,j, udxi, fldgiaj,
 îcj,
 m;%j,
uDÿia;r mglfha ld¾H
 m%NdixYaf,aIKh
 wdydr ixÑ; lsÍu
 c,h ixÑ; lsÍu
 ikaOdrKh iemhSu

02. ia:q,fldaKdia:r mglh

ia:q,fldaKdia:r mglfha ,laIK
 iÔù ffi, fõ'
 ffi, ;=< ffi, ma,diauh" kHIaáh yd uOH ßla;lhla
mj;S'
 idudkHfhka È.eá ffi, jk w;r yrialv
nyqwi%dldr yevhla .kshs'
 ffi, ì;a;sj, YS¾I fi,shqf,daiaj,ska >kù mj;S'
 wka;¾ ffi,Sh wjldY ;sîug fyda fkd ;sîug mq¿jk'
 ia:q,fldaKdia:r mglh msysgk ia:dk ia:q,fldaKdia:r mglfha ld¾H
 Ydl lf`oa ndyslh yd uÊcdj  m%Ndixiaf,aIKh
 uqf,a ndyslh yd uÊcdj  ikaOdrKh iemhSu
 M,j, udxi, fldgiaj,
 îcj,
 m;%j,

03. oDvia:r mglh

 ,laIK
o wÔù ffi, fõ'
o fi,shqf,daia ffi, ì;a;s u; ,s.akska ;ekam;a ù we;'
o ffi, ì;a;s taldldrj >k ù ffi,j, ueo ysia l=yrhla idohs'
o ffi, ;Èka weysÍ mj;S'
o wka;¾ ffi,Sh wjldY ke;'

 lD;Hh- ikaOdrKh iemhSu

m%Odk wdldr 02 ls"
 ;ka;= ffi,
 Wm, ffi,

;ka;= ffi, Wm, ffi,

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ixlS¾K iaÓr mgl
 tlsfklg fjkia ffi, j¾. lsym
s hlska iukaú; h'

01. ffY,u mglh

 tlsfklg fjkia ffi, j¾. y;rlska iukaú; h'

o ffY,u jdyskS ffi,$ jdyskS o ffY,óh ;ka;=

tAll ffi, o ffY,óh uDÿia;r
o jdyldN ffi,

a) ffY,u jdyskS ffi,$ jdyskS tAll

ffi,
 ffi, w.ska w.g tl;= ù yria
ì;a;s Èh ù
wLKav kd<dldr jHqyhla jk
ffY,u jdyskS ;efka'
 wcSú ffi, fõ
 ld¾H - isria mßjykh

b) jdyldN ffi,
 ffi, È.á ;¾l=rEmS ffi, fõ'
 wcSú ffi, fõ
 ld¾H - isria mßjykh

c) ffY,óh ;ka;=
 wcSú ffi, fõ
 ld¾H - ikaOdrKh

d) ffY,óh uDÿia:r
 cSú ffi, fõ
 ld¾H - wdydr .nvd lsÍu
02. maf,dahu mglh

 tlsfklg fjkia ffi, j¾. y;rlska iukaú; h'

o fmfkar k< ffi, $ fmfkar k< tall

o iypr ffi,
o maf,dahóh uDÿia;r
o maf,dahóh ;ka;=

a) fmfkar k< ffi,

 yria ì;a;s wiïmQ¾K f,i Èhùfuka fmfkar k< idohs'
 yria ì;a;s fmfkar ;, f,i y`ÿkajhs'
 kHIAVs fkdue;s cSú ffi, fõ
 ld¾H - wdydr øjH ^m%Odk jYfhka iqfl%daia& mßjykh'
b) iypr ffi,
 lemS fmfkk kHIaÀhla we;
 ld¾H - fmfkar k, ffi,fha l%shdj md,kh

ffY,u maf,dahu

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 i;a;aj mgl

wmsÉPo mgl (Epithelial tissues)

 mDIaGjxYS foayfha ish¨ u mDIaG ^ndysr yd wNHka;r& wmsÉPo mgl u.ska wdia;rKh ù we;
 we;eï wmsÉPo mgl ;ks ffi, ia;rhlska iukaú; jk w;r we;eï tAjd ffi, ia;r lsysmhlska
iukaú; fõ'

wmsÉPo mglj, ,laIK

 wmsÉPo mglhg wh;a ffi, mdoia:
mg,hla u; msysgd ;sfí
 ffi, tlsfkl ;Èka weisÍ we;'
 fuu mglhg reêr iemhqula ke;'
mdoia: mg,h u.ska fmdaIKh fõ'

 ffi,j, yevh yd ffi, ia;r ixLHdj wkqj wmsÉPo mgl" j¾. lr ;sfí'

wmsÉPo mglfha lD;H

 mDIAG wdia;rKh lsÍu yd wdrlaIdj ie,iSu -

- foayfha ndysr yd wNHka;r mDIaG wdia;rKh lsÍu u.ska mSvkh" >¾IKh iy laIqø Ôùka
wdÈfhka wNHka;r mgl wdrlaId lrhs'
 wjfYdaIl lD;H bgq lsÍu-
- wdydr ud¾.fha jQ wmsÉPo mgl u.ska Ô¾K M, wjfYdaIKh lrhs'
 W;af;ac m%;s.%yKh lsÍu-
- Èfõ yd kdifha msysá wmsÉPo mgl ri yd iqj| hk W;af;ac m%;s.%yKh
lrhs'
 i%dú lD;H bgq lsÍu
- Yajik moaO;sh wdia;rKh lrk wmsÉPo mgl u.ska Yaf,aIau, i%djh lrhs'
 fmÍfï lD;H bgq lsÍu
- jDlaldKqj, fndauka m%djrfha we;s wmsÉPo mgl u.ska reêrh fmÍu isÿlrhs'
iïnkaOl mgl (Connective tissue)
 ffi, j,ska yd ;ka;= j,ska iukañ; fõ'
  iakdhq iemhqula yd reêr iemhqula we;
 ffi, yd ;ka;= mqrlhla ;=, .s,S we;'
a) reêr mglh
b) fmaYs mglh
c) wia:s mglh
d) iakdhq mglh
e) ldáf,ac mglh

a) reêr mglh
 ffi, yd mgl w;r iïnkaO;djh mj;ajd .kS
 mQrlh ^reêr ma,diauh& i%djh jkafka reêr ffi, u.ska fkdfõ'

reêr mglfha ,laIK

- mqrlhlska yd foaydKq j,ska iukañ; fõ'
- reêr ffi," reêr ma,diauh ;=, wj,ïnkh ù we;
- reêr leá.eiSï j,os ;ka;= iEfoa' kuq;a iEu úgu ;ka;= olakg fkd,efí'

reêr mglfha lD;H

 øjH mßjykh
 wdrlaIdj
 iuiaÒ;sh mj;ajd .ekSu

b) fmaYs mgl (Muscle tissues)

 fmaYs mgl m%Odk j¾. ;=kla mj;S'

 isks`ÿ fmaYs mglh

 lxld, fmaYs mglh
 yD;a fmaYs mglh

1. isksÿ fmaYs mglh ( wdydr cSrK moaO;sh" reêr jdyskS ì;a;sh" uq;%dYh" .¾NdYfha ì;a;s)

 ;¾l=rEmS yeve;sh
 YdLkh ù fkdue;'
 tal kHIaálh
 yria úf,aL fkd orhs'
 úvdjg m;a fkd fõ'
 wksÉPdkq.j l%shd lrhs'
 2. lxld, fmaYs mglh (oaùYs¾Y fmaYSh" ;S% Ys¾I fmaYSh" ll=f,a fmaYs" uqyqfKa fmaYs)

 os.á is,skavrdldr ffi, fõ'

 YdLkh ù fkdue;'
 nyq kHIaálh
 ú,sÅ;h'
 úvdjg m;a fõ'
 bÉPdkq.j l%shd lrhs'

3. yD;a fmaYs mglh (yDoh)

 YdLkh ù we;'
 tal kHIaálh
 ú,sÅ;h'
 úvdjg m;a fkdfõ'
 wksÉPdkq.j l%shd lrhs'
 wka;ria:dms; uv, msysghs'

C) iakdhq mgl (Nervous tissue)

 ;ekqï tallh iakdhq ffi, (kshqfrdak ffi,)

 lD;H wkqj kshqfrdak j¾. ;=kls

- ixfõol kshqfrdak
- wka;¾ydr kshqfrdak
- pd,l kshqfrdak
 úoHdj
11 fY%aKsh

Biology
yllh 2 - m%Ndixiaf,aIKh (Photosynthesis)
ta

,xld m%idoa
( BSc.(sp) University Of Peradeniya )
 fmdaYKh

iajhxfmdaYS úYufmdaYS

 m%Ndixiaf,aIKh hkq
o wuqÞjH f,i c,h yd ldnkavfhdlaihsâ ,ndf.k iq¾Hdf,dalh we;súg yß;m%o ;=, oS
wdydr ksmojñka w;=re M,hla f,i Tlaiscka msg lsÍfï l%shdj m%Ndixiaf,aIKh fõ'

6 H2O + 6 CO2 C6H12O6 + 6 O2

 m%Ndixiaf,aIKh ioyd wjYH idOl

o yß;m%o wNHka;r idOl
o ysret<sh
o c,h ndysr idOl
o ldnkavfhdlaihsâ

1. ldnkavfhdlaihsâ
 c,c Ydl c,fha osh jq CO2 ,nd .kS
 fN!ñl Ydl jd;fha jq CO2 m;% ;=, jq mqáld u.ska ,nd .kS
 ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhqj mqáld yryd" úirKfhka m;%h ;=<g we;=¿ fõ'

2. c,h
 wjYH c,h uqf,ys uq,flaI u.ska wdi%e;sh u.ska ,nd .kS

3. ysret<sh
 iq¾Hhdf.a wdf,dal Yla;sh u.ska c,h uq,øjH njg ìo fy,hs
 fuu l%shdj m%NdúÊfÊokh f,i yeoskafõ'

4. yß;m%o
 Ydlj, m;% ;=, yrs;,jfha yrs;m%o ;=, isÿfõ'
 laf,dfrd*s,a u.ska ysre t<sfha we;s r;= yd ks,a j¾K wjfYdaIKh lrhs
m%Ndixiaf,aIKfha oS iefok uq,sl M,
 m%Ndixiaf,aIKfha oS ksmofjk m%Odk M,h .a¨fldaia h
 iEfok .a¨fldaia ;djld,slj m;% ;=, .nvd lrhs
 fldgila iqfl%daia njg m;aj maf,dahu Tiafia mrsjykh fõ'
 w;srsla;h msIaGh f,i ixÑ; lrhs
 ksmojk Tlaiscka mqáld yryd úirKfhka bj;a fõ'

 m%Ndixiaf,aIKfha oS ksmofjk w;=re M,h - Tlaiscka

 m%Ndixiaf,aIKfha oS ksmofjk m%Odk M,h - .a¨fldaia
 wdydr mßjyk mglh - maf,dahu mglh

 maf,dahu ;=, oS wdydr iqfl%daia f,i mßjykh lrhs'

 m%NdixYaf,aIKfha § iQ¾h Yla;h

s ld¾hlaIu f,i wjfYdaIKh lsÍu i`oyd Ydl olajk úúO
wkqj¾;k
a. ;=kS m;% ;,hla ;sîu
b. wmsp¾ufha mqáld ;sîu
c. kdrá úkHdi oerSu
d. úYd, m;% ;,hla ;sîu
e. jdhq wjldY ;sîu
f. ysre t<sh foig ksrdjrKh jq m;%
;sî
 Ydl m;% ;=< msIagh ksmoù ;sfí ±hs mÍlaId lsÍu'

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 ආල ෝකලේ තැබු ශාක 0පතයක් ගැනීම.
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 ජ තාපකයක තබා තැම්බීම …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 ජ තාපකලේ තැබු මධයසාරලේ තැම්බීම ………………………………………………………………………………………….……………………………

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 ජ ලයන් ලේදීම
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 අයඩීන් එකක් කිරීම
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1) මධයසාර අංගු න ය ජ තාපකයක බහා රත් කරන්ලන් ඇයි?

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2) ලමහිදී ැලබන නිරීක්ෂණ ලමොනවාද?

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m%NdixYaf,aIKh i`oyd ysre t<sh wjYH nj fmkaùu

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 ශාකය පැය 48 ක් අදුලේ තැබීම ……………………………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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 එක් ශාක පතයක් කළු ලකොළයකින් වැසීම
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 අලනක් ලකොළය අවේණ ලකොළයකින් වැසීම
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 ශාකය හිරැ එණිලේ තබා පිෂ්ඨ පරීක්ෂාව කිරීම
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නිරීක්ෂණය
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නිගමනය
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m%NdixYaf,aIKh i`oyd ldnka vfhdlaihsâ wjYH nj fmkaùu

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 m%NdixYaf,aIKhg yß;m%o wjYH ±hs mÍlaId lsÍu

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m%NdixYaf,aIKfha § Tlaiscka jdhqj ksmofjkafka±hs mÍlaId lsÍu

I. c,c Ydl fhdod .ekSu ioyd fya;=j l=ulao@

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II. wegjq u ysret,shg ksrdjrkh l,úg olakg ,efnk ksÍlaIKh l=ulao@
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III. wdf,dal ;Sjqr;djh jeälsÍfï oS olakg ,efnk ksÍlaIKh l=ulao@
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IV. uo fõ,djlska jdhq nqnq¨ msgùu kj;S' fya;=j l=ulao@
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V. jdhq msgùu taldldr lsÍu ioyd .;yels l%shdud¾.h l=ulao@

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 VI. by; mÍlaIKfha m%Ndixiaf,aIK iS>%;djh msgjk jdhq nqnq¨ ixLHdj weiqßka ks¾Kh lr we;' ta
fjkqjg fhdod.; yels úl,am l%uhla kï lrkak

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VII. msgjq jdhqj Tlaiscka nj yÿkd.kafka flfiao@

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VIII. fuu wegjqu meh lsysmhka wÿf¾ ;nd ksÍlaIKh l,úg k,h ;=, jdhq iaj,amhla reoS we;s nj
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olakg ,enqKs'
a. tu jdhqj l=ulao@
b. tu jdhqj ksmofjk l%shdj,sh l=ulao@

m%NdixYaf,aIKfha ld¾hNdrh
f.da,Sh jeo.;alu cSùkag jeo.;alu

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01'my; A, B yd C rEm igyka j,ska oelafjkafka fmaYs mgl j¾. ;=kls'

by; A, B yd C ms<f s j,ska

1' isks÷ fmaYs, yD;a fmaYs yd lxld, fmaYs mgl fõ'
2' lxld, fmaYs, isks÷ fmaYs yd yD;a fmaYs mgl fõ'
3' isksÿ fmaYs, lxld, fmaIs yd yD;a fmaYs mgl fõ'
4' yD;a fmaYs, lxld, fmaIs yd isk÷
s fmaYs mgl fõ' (2020)
02'my; i|yka jHqy lD;H hq., w;=frka ksjerÈ iïnkaO;dj m%ldYs; hq.,h l=ulao@

jHqyh lD;Hh
reêr mÜáld m%;sfoay ksmoùu
iqÿ reêrdKq Tlaiscka mßjykh
r;= reêrdKq úIîc NlaIKh
reêr ma,diauh fyda¾fudak mßjyKh
(2019)
03'my; oelafjk l=uk ffi, nyq kHIaál fõ o@
1' r;= reêr ffi, 2' iqÿ reêr ffi,
3' lxld, fmaYs ffi, 4' yD;a fmaYs ffi, (2019)

04' Ydlhl ffY,u yd maf,dahu mglj, m%Odk lD;H ksjerÈ j oelafjkafka l=uk jrKfha o@

ffY,u maf,dahu
1 c,h mßjykh ikaOdrKh
2 ikaOdrKh c,h mßjykh
3 c,h mßjykh wdydr mßixl%uKh
4 wdydr mßixl%uKh ikaOdrKh
(2018)
05' fmaYs mglhl rEmhla my; § we;' tu fmaIs mglfha ku yd lshdldÍ;ajh ksjerÈj oelafjk jrKh
f;darkak'
fmaYs mglh lshdldÍ;ajh
1 yD;a fmaYs bÉPdkq. fõ
2 lxld, fmaYs wksÉPdkq. fõ
3 lxld, fmaYs bÉPdkq. fõ
4 yD;a fmaYs wksÉPdkq. fõ

01' Ydl mgl j¾.SlrKh oelafjk wiïmQ¾K igykla my; oelafõ' yd fldgqj,g wod< mgl
j¾.h § we;s ;s;a br u; ,shd igyk iïmQ¾K lrkak'
01' iqÿ meyefhka yd fld< meyefhka hq;a Ydl m;%hla Ydlfha ;sìh§ u my; i`oyka mßÈ ilid újD;
ia:dkhl ;nkq ,efí'

Èk follg miq Ydl m;%h Ydlfhka bj;a lr msIaGh i|yd mßlaId lrk ,§' mÍlaIdfjka miq tu
m;%h my; i|yka l=uk wdldrhg o¾Ykh úh yelso@

(2018)

02' m%Ndixiaf,aIKh iïnkaOfhka my; l=uk m%ldYh wi;H fõ o@

1' m%Ndixiaf,aIKh lD;su jYfhka isÿl< yels fõ'
2' m%Ndixiaf,aIKfha § iQ¾h Yla;sh ridhksl Yla;sh njg mßj¾;kh flf¾'
3' m%NdixYaf,aIKfha w;=reM,hla f,i O2 jdhqj ksIamdokh fõ'
4' m%Ndixiaf,aIKfha § ksIamdokh jk .aÆfldaia, msIaGh f,i Ydl m;% ;=< ;djld,slj
ixÑ; fõ' (2016 kj)

03' m%NdixYaf,aIKh ms<n

s |j yodrk YsIHfhl=g úoHd.dr mÍlaIK weiqßka wdo¾Ykh lsÍug wiSrejkafka
m%NdixYaf,aIKh i|yd wjYHjk ljr idOlho@
1' wdf,dalh 2' c,h 3' yß;m%o 4' ldnkavfhdlaihsâ (2009)

jHqy.; rpkd m%Yak

01'm%Ndixiaf,aIKfha M,hla mÍlaId lsÍug YsIH lKavdhula úiska ilik ,o

wegjqula my; rEmfha oelafõ'

(i) fuu wegjqu ysre t,sfha ;enQ úg mÍlaId k<h ;=, tl;= jk
jdhqj l=ulao? ………………………………

(ii) tu jdhqj y÷kd .ekSug isÿ l< yels mÍlaIdjla yd tys§ ,efnk
ksÍlaIKh i|yka lrkak'
mÍlaIdj : ………………………………………………
ksÍlaIKh : ……………………………………………

(iii) idudkH c,h fjkqjg ldnka vfhdlaihsâ jdhqfjka ix;Dma; l< c,h fhdod by; wegjqu
iudk kj wegjqula ilia lrk ,§'
(a) iudk mßir ;;a;aj hgf;a m<uq wegjqfï jdhq nqn¿q msgùu iuÕ iei£fï § kj
wegjqfï jdhq nqn¨
q msg ùu iïnkaOfhka wfmalaId l< yels ksÍlaIKhla i|yka
lrkak'

………………………………………..……………………………………………………
(b) Tn i|yka l< ksÍlaIKhg fya;= olajkak'

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02 m%Ndixiaf,aIK l%shdj,shg wjYH idOlhla wOHhkh lsÍug
YsIHhl= úiska ilia lrk ,o wegjqula rEmfha oelafõ' fuu wegjqu meh
48la w÷f¾ ;nd miqj meh 5la wdf,dalfha ;nk ,§' bkamiq m;%h wdjrKh
lr ;snQ ùÿre ;yvq bj;a lr m;%h msIaG mÍlaIdjg ,la lrk ,§'

(i) fuu wegjqu Ndú; lrk ,oafoa m%Ndixiaf,aIKh i|yd wjYH

l=uk idOlh mÍlaId lsÍug o?
………………………………………………………………..

(ii) wegjqu meh 48la w÷f¾ ;eîug fya;=j l=ulao?

……………………………………………………………………………………………….
(iii) msIaG mÍlaIdfõ § m;%fha my; i|yka tla tla fldgfia olakg ,efnk j¾Kh ,shkak'
l¿ ùÿre ;yvqj,ska jid ;snQ fldgi ……………………………………………
wj¾K ùÿre ;yvqj,ska jid ;snQ fldgi ……………………………………………
wdf,dalhg iDcqj ksrdjrKh jQ fldgi………………………………………………
(2019)