Trend Analys' UNIT 4: GEOMETRY TRIANGLES 2018 2019 2020 WES SU ES Delhi | Outside | Delhi | Outside | Delhi | Outside Delhi Delhi Delhi ‘Question based on Area of Triangle |1@ (1M) Taam) 2aG™|1aaM) 2aGM) 102M) Question based on Proving |10 (3M) 2a@m)|2aam)|2aGa™|2aaM) Properties of Triangle 10 (4M) 1a@M)|1Q@M)/1a@2M) 1a(4M)| 203M) 13M)& Revision Notes triangle is one of the basic shapes of geometry Itis a polygon with 3 sides and 3 vertices /corners, ‘Two figures are said to be congruent if they have the same shape and the same size. ‘Those figures which have the same shape but not necessarily the same size are called similar figures. Hence, we can say that all congruent figures are similar but all si ilar figures are not congruent. Similarity of Triangles: Two triangles are similar if @) their corresponding sides are proportional i) their corresponding angles are equal. If ABC and ADEF are similar, then this similarity can be written as ABC ~ ADF. Criteria for Similarity of Triangles: P M NQ In ALMN and APQR, if IM _ MN_LN (2) ZL = 2, M= 2Qand N= ZR wm & then ALMN ~ APQR (@) AAA-Caiterion: In two triangles, if corresponding angles are equal, then the triangles are similar and hence their corresponding sides are in the same ratio. A D If ABC and ADEF are similar LA= 2D, 2B = AB and ZC = ZF. B cE F 4B BCL AC DE TE DF Remark: Iwo angles of a range are respectively equa othe tro angles of another tangle then by the angle sum property of tangle thet tid angles wil aso be equal. Therefore, AMA similarity criterion an abo be stated as follows: PB AA-Criterion: If two angles of one triangle are respectively equal to two angles of another triangle, then the two triangles are similar ‘As we know that the sum of all angles in a triangle is 180° so if two angles in. ca R ANC and APOR are same ie, 2A = 2P, 2B = 2, Gi) $85-Criterion: In two tangles if te sides of one rangle are proportional to the sides of another tangle, then the two triangles are similar and hence corresponding angle are equa i AB _ BC _ CA A R be TD /\ /\ wage ~ aper » ce . then ZA = 20,28 2 and “= SAS-Criterion: If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another a D tangle and the sides including these angles are in the same aio, then the two tangles ae sna / \../ ie B CE FE 0 ASome theorems based on si larity of triangles: A ()Walineis drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides at distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio. It is known as “Basie Proportionalty Theorem or Thales Theorem > § In AABC, let DE || BC, then. c (a) 40_ AE ( 4B AC (o 42 AE DR EC ba” Fc ‘AB AC A B c Gi) IF atne divides any two sides of tangle in the same aio, then the ine is parallel to the third side Iti the Converse of Basie Proportionality Theorem. AD AE, DB EC then DE||BC (ly If wo triangles are similar, then the ratio of areas ofthese rangle sequal to the rao of squares of their comresponding sides Let AABC~ APOR, then S(AABC) (2) -() (2) -(2y ar(aPOR) (PQ) ~“LOR) ~ Lee) “Ven A P B M ca R > Theorems Based on Right Angled Triangles: () 1a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of the right angle ofa right triangle to the hypotenuse, then the triangles on both sides of the perpendicular are similar to the whole triangle and B also to each other In right AABC, B LAC, then’ ADB ~ aABC ABDC ~ AARC A c and AADB ~ ABDC DB (i Ina right angled triangle, the square of hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, It is known as Pythagoras Theorem. c In right ABC, BCE = ABE + AC A B Some Important Notes: > In any triangle, the sum of the squares of any two sides is equal to twice the square of half of the third side together with the twice ofthe square of the median which bisects the third sie. > Three times the sum of the squares of the sides of a triangle is equal to four times the sum of the squares of the ‘median ofthe triangle > Three times of the square of any side of an equilateral triangle is equal to four times the square of the altitude,