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 ‫‪‬‬
‫ُْ َﱢ‬
‫ِﻟﻠﻤﺤﻘ ِﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻄﱠْﺒ َﻌﺔُ اﻟﺜـﱠﺎﻧِﻴَﺔُ‬
‫َّ‬
‫‪ ١٤٤٣/‬ـ(‬ ‫)‪/٢٨‬‬

 ‫‪  ‬ا‪ ‬ا‪ ‬أ‪ ‬ر ‪ ‬ا‪‬م‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪  ‬ا‪ ‬ا‪ ‬أ‪ ‬ر ‪ ‬ا‪‬م‪‬‬

‫اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻼة واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﲆ رﺳﻮل اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ آﻟﻪ‬
‫وﺻﺤﺒﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺮأت ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت أﺧﻴﻨﺎ اﳌﺒﺎرك أﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﳐﺘﺎر ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‬

‫اﳊﴬﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﺪﲥﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت ﳐﺘﴫة وﻣﻔﻴﺪة ﺗﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﳌﻘﺼﻮد‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻋﺰوه ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻷﺣﺎدﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺰى اﷲ أﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺧﲑا ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﳉﻬﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ً‬
‫أﺑﻮ ﻋﲈر ﻳﺎﴎ اﻟﻌﺪﲏ‬
‫اﳌﻜﻼ ‪ -‬ﺣﴬﻣﻮت‬
‫‪ /٥‬رﺟﺐ‪١٤٤٣ /‬ﻫ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬ا‪‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ آﻟﻪ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﻼم ﻋﲆ‬ ‫اﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﻼة‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫وﺻﺤﺒﻪ وﻣﻦ واﻻه‪ .‬أﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ‪‬اﻷرﺑﻌﻮن اﻟﻨﻮوﻳﺔ‪ ‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻓﻆ اﺑﻦ‬

‫ﻓﻬﺬه ﱢ‬
‫رﺟﺐ ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ أﻧﻔﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ وأﺟﻠﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻋﺘﻨﻰ ﲠﺎ اﻟﺴﻠﻒ ً‬
‫ﻗﺪﻳﲈ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﲈ‪.‬‬
‫ﴍﺣﺎ‪ ،‬أو ً‬ ‫ً‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎ‪ ،‬أو ً‬ ‫وﺣﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ذﻟﻚ‬

‫ﻛﺜﲑا أن وﻓﻘﻨﻲ ﳌﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻴﲈ ذﻛﺮ‪.‬‬

‫وإﲏ أﲪﺪ اﷲ ً‬
‫ﱢ‬

‫وﺳﺒﺐ ﻗﻴﺎﻣﻲ ﲠﺬا اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ وﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات‬

‫َو َو ْﺿ ِﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ أﻧﻨﻲ ﻻﺣﻈﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ أﻟﻔﺎظ اﳊﺪﻳﺚ؛ ﻟﺒﻌﺪﻫﻢ وﺗﺴﺎﻫﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ؛‬
‫وﻷن اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ أﻫﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ‪-‬ﻻﺳ ﱠﻴﲈ ﻟﻠﺒﺎدﺋﲔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‪،‬‬
‫وﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﺪة‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮه‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻤﺖ ﺑﲈ ﺳﺒﻖ ُ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪة‪-‬‬
‫ﳐﻄﻮﻃﺎت وﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺟﺖ اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻷوﱃ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪‬اﻟﺪﱡ رر‬
‫اﳊﴬﻣ ﱠﻴﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻷرﺑﻌﲔ اﻟﻨﻮو ﱠﻳﺔ‪ ، ‬إﻻ أﻧﻨﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺟﻠﺴﺖ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺷﻴﺨﻲ وﻧﺎﺻﺤﻲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ أﰊ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﳛﻴﻰ ﺑﻦ ﻋﲇ اﳊﺠﻮري‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪‬‬

‫‪-‬ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ وﺳ ﱠﻠﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻴﺪ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻜﻔﺮ واﻟﻀﻼل– ﻧﺼﺤﻨﻲ‬

‫ﺧﲑا‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﻮان إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ اﻵن‪ ،‬ﻓﺠﺰاه اﷲ ﻋﻨﱠﺎ وﻋﻦ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ً‬
‫وﻫﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﱠإﻻ ﺑﺄﻣﺜﺎل ﻫﺆﻻء‪.‬‬

‫وﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺟﺎء ﰲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎرﻳﻒ‪ ،‬واﻟﱰاﺟﻢ‪،‬‬

‫ُ‬
‫ﱠ‬
‫واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻴﻤﲔ ‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﴩوﺣﺎت ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ ﻣﻦ ﴍﺣﻲ ﱠ‬
‫اﳊﺠﻮري ‪-‬ﺣﻔﻈﻪ اﷲ‪ -‬ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻦ‪ ،‬وﻫﻜﺬا ﻛﺘﺐ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ‪،‬‬
‫واﳌﻌﺎﺟﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛـ‪‬ﳎﻤﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ، ‬و‪‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ ‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﻓﺎرس‪ ،‬و‪‬ﺗﺎج‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮوس‪ ‬ﻟﻠﺤﺴﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﺬه اﳌﺮاﺟﻊ ﰲ ﻣﻮاﻃﻨﻬﺎ؛ ﻟﻀﻴﻖ‬
‫اﳌﻘﺎم‪.‬‬

‫وﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑه ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻋُ ﻨﻲ ﺑﻀﺒﻂ ﻛﻠﲈﺗﻪ‪،‬‬

‫وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ أﻟﻔﺎﻇﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲔ اﻟﺒﺎدئ ﻋﲆ ﻗﺮاءﺗﻪ وﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻜﺬا إﺿﺎﻓﺔ أﻃﺮاف اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ )اﻟﻔﻬﺮس(‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ُﻳﻌﲔ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎرئ اﺧﺘِﻴﺎر اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﺐ اﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫وﻧﺼﻴﺤﺘﻨﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻠﻤﲔ اﻻﻋﺘﻨﺎء ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺗﻌ ﱡﻠ ًﲈ وﺗﻌﻠِ ًﻴﲈ‪،‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻻﺳ ﱠﻴﲈ ﰲ ﻫﺬه اﻷزﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﳋﺒﺚ‪ -‬وﻋﺪم اﻻﻧﺸﻐﺎل‬
‫ﴐرا ﻋﲆ اﻟﻔﺮد‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎت وﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺪرك ﻧﻔﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ رﺑﲈ ﻛﺎن‬
‫واﳌﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫اﻟﺬ ﱢل‬
‫اﻟﻴﻮم‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﺶ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﱡ‬
‫َ‬ ‫واﷲ إﻧﱠﻪ ﻟﻴﺆﺳﻔﻨﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻷﻣﺔ‬
‫واﳍﻮان؛ وﻣﺎ ذاك إﻻ ﻟﺒﻌﺪﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ واﻟﺘﻌ ﱡﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﺿﻌﻒ اﻟﻮازع‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻮدة إﱃ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻮر ِع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳ ﱠﻴﲈ ﻋﻨﺪ أن‬ ‫اﻟﺪﱢ ﻳﻨﻲ‪ ،‬وﻋﺪم‬
‫أرى ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎت‪ ،‬وﻳﻌ ﱢﻄﻞ اﳌﺼﺎﻟﺢ؛ ﺑﺤﺠﺔ إرادة إﻧﻜﺎر اﳌﻨﻜﺮ‬
‫اﳊﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ اﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ ،‬وﻫﻞ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ اﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻜﺮ‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻈﻠﻢ ﺑﺎﻟ ﱡﻈﻠﻢ؟!‬
‫واﷲ اﳌﺴﺘﻌﺎن‪ ،‬وﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﱡﻜﻼن‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺣﻮل وﻻ ﻗﻮة إﻻ ﺑﺎﷲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟﺼﺎ‬
‫ً‬ ‫وﰲ اﳋﺘﺎم أﺳﺄل اﷲ ﻋﺰ وﺟﻞ أن ﳚﻌﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
‫ﻟﻮﺟﻬﻪ اﻟﻜﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﱠﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻮ ًﻓﺎ‪ ،‬إﻧﱠﻪ ﺟﻮاد ﻛﺮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬وﺑﺎﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫رب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺮ‪ .‬واﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﱢ‬
‫ﻛَﺘَﺒ‪‬ﻪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟْﻔَﻘ‪‬ﲑ‪ ‬ﺇِﻟَﻰ ﻋ‪‬ﻔْﻮِ ﺭ‪‬ﺑ‪‬ﻪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟـ)‪ (١٥‬ﺧ‪‬ﻠَﺖ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺻ‪‬ﻔَﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻌ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪ (١٤٤٣) :‬ﻣﻦ‪ ‬ﺍﳍﺠ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺓ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺒ‪‬ﻮﻳ‪‬ﺔ‬

‫ﰲِ ﺩ‪‬ﺍﺭِ ﺍﳊَﺪﻳﺚ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻔﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﲟ‪‬ﺴ‪‬ﺠﺪ‪ ‬ﺃَﻧْﻮ‪‬ﺭ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﳊَﺎﻣﻲ ﺣ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ﺳ‪‬ﻬ‪‬ﺎ ﺍ‪ ُ‬ﺗَﻌ‪‬ﺎﻟَﻰ‬

‫‪c‬‬
 ‫ط‬‫رة ا‬

‫ط‬‫رة ا‬

‫وﱃ‬
‫و‬‫ ا‬‫ر‬‫ ا‬

‫وﱃ‬
‫ط‬‫رة ا‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬ا‪‬‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻗﻴﻮم اﻟﺴﻤﻮ ِ‬
‫ات َو ْاﻷَ َر ِﺿ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪ُ ،‬ﻣﺪَ ﱢﺑ ُﺮ‬ ‫ﷲ َر ﱢب ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎﳌ ْ َ ﱡ ُ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊ ْﻤﺪُ ِ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ات اﷲ َو َﺳ َﻼ ُﻣ ُﻪ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻬ ْﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﲨ ِﻌ ْ َ‬
‫اﳋ َﻼﺋِ ِﻖ َأ ْ َ‬
‫ﻠﻮ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ُﺳ ِﻞ ‪َ -‬ﺻ َ‬ ‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋ ُﺚ ﱡ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﴍاﺋِ ِﻊ اﻟﺪﱢ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑِﺎﻟﺪﱠ َﻻﺋِ ِﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َأ ْﲨ َِﻌﲔ‪ -‬إِ َﱃ ا ُﳌ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ِﻔ َ ِ ِ‬
‫ﲔ؛ ﳍﺪَ ا َﻳﺘ ِﻬ ْﻢ َو َﺑ َﻴﺎن َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻫ ْ ِ‬‫ﺎت ا ْﻟﱪ ِ‬ ‫اﺿﺤ ِ‬‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻄﻌ ﱠﻴﺔ‪َ ،‬و َو َ‬
‫ﲪﺪُ ُه ﻋَ َﲆ َﲨِ ْﻴ ِﻊ ﻧِ َﻌ ِﻤ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﺳ َﺄ ُﻟ ُﻪ ا َﳌ ِﺰ ْﻳﺪَ ِﻣﻦ َﻓ ْﻀﻠِ ِﻪ َو َﻛ َﺮ ِﻣ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫َأ ْ َ‬
‫ﷲ ا ْﻟﻮ ِ‬
‫اﺣﺪُ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ﱠﻬ ُﺎر‪ ،‬ا ْﻟ َﻜ ِﺮ ْﻳ ُﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ﱠﻔ ُﺎر‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﺷ َﻬﺪُ َأ ﱠن‬ ‫َو َأ ْﺷ َﻬﺪُ َأن ﱠﻻ إِ َﻟ َﻪ إِ ﱠﻻ ا ُ َ‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ا ُﳌﻜَ ﱠﺮ ُم‬ ‫ُﳏ َ ﱠﻤﺪً ا ﻋَ ْﺒﺪُ ُه َو َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﺣﺒِ ْﻴ ُﺒ ُﻪ َو َﺧﻠِ ْﻴ ُﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ ا َﳌ ْﺨ ُﻠ ْﻮ ِﻗ ْ َ‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ﱡ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺴﻨَ ِﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨ ِ ْ َ‬
‫ﺐ ﱢ‬ ‫آن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِﺰ ْﻳ ِﺰ‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ ْﻌ ِﺠﺰَ ِة ا ُﳌ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻤ ﱠﺮ ِة ﻋَ َﲆ َﺗ َﻌﺎ ُﻗ ِ‬‫ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻘﺮ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ا ُﳌﺴ َﺘﻨ ِﲑ ِة ﻟ ِ ْﻠﻤﺴ َﱰ ِﺷ ِﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ا َﳌ ْﺨﺼﻮص ﺑِﺠﻮ ِاﻣ ِﻊ ا ْﻟ َﻜﻠِ ِﻢ وﺳﲈﺣﺔِ‬
‫َ ََ َ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ ْ ُ‬ ‫ُ ْ ْ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬
‫آل ُﻛ ﱟﻞ‬ ‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬وﻋﲆ ِ‬ ‫ﲔ َوا ُﳌ ْﺮ َﺳﻠِ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﱢ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﺻ ّﲆ اﷲُ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َوﻋَ َﲆ َﺳ ِﺎﺋ ِﺮ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻴ ْ َ‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫وﺳ ِﺎﺋ ِﺮ اﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺎﳊ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫َأ ﱠﻣﺎ َﺑ ْﻌﺪُ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬وﻋَ ْﺒ ِﺪ اﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌ ْﻮ ٍد‪،‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﻘﺪْ ُر ﱢو ْﻳﻨَﺎ ﻋَ ْﻦ ﻋَ ِ ﱢﲇ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻃﺎﻟ ِ ٍ‬

‫ﺲ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﺎذ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺟ َﺒ ٍﻞ‪َ ،‬و َأ ِﰊ اﻟﺪﱠ ْر َد ِاء‪َ ،‬وا ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋُ َﻤ َﺮ‪َ ،‬وا ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋَ ﱠﺒ ٍ‬
‫ﺎس‪َ ،‬و َأ َﻧ ِ‬ ‫و ﻣﻌ ِ‬
‫َ َُ‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫ﷲ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ ﻋَ ﻨْ ُﻬ ْﻢ‪-‬‬ ‫ﴈا ُ‬ ‫َﻣﺎﻟﻚ‪َ ،‬و َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة‪َ ،‬و َأ ِﰊ َﺳﻌ ْﻴﺪ اﳋُﺪْ ر ﱢي ‪َ -‬ر َ‬
‫ﺎت‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ ْﻮ َل اﷲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﺎت ﻣ َﺘ َﻨﻮﻋَ ٍ‬ ‫ات‪ ،‬ﺑِ ِﺮواﻳ ٍ‬ ‫ِﻣﻦ ُﻃﺮ ٍق َﻛﺜِﲑ ٍ‬
‫ُ ﱢ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ َﺣﺪ ْﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻣ ِﺮ د ْﻳﻨ َﻬﺎ َﺑ َﻌ َﺜ ُﻪ اﷲُ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ َﻳ ْﻮ َم‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫» َﻣ ْﻦ َﺣﻔ َﻆ َﻋ َﲆ ُأ ﱠﻣﺘ ْﻲ َأ ْر َﺑﻌ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎء َوا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء«‪َ ،‬و ِ ْﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ‪َ » :‬ﺑ َﻌ َﺜ ُﻪ اﷲُ َﻓ ِﻘ ْﻴ ًﻬﺎ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ِﻘﻴﺎﻣ ِﺔ ِﰲ زُ ﻣﺮ ِة ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘ َﻬ ِ‬
‫َ َ ْ َْ‬
‫ﺖ َﻟ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ا ْﻟ ِﻘ َﻴ َﺎﻣ ِﺔ َﺷﺎﻓِ ًﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺎﳌ ِﺎ«‪َ ،‬و ِ ْﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ َأ ِﰊ اﻟﺪﱠ ْر َد ِاء‪َ » :‬و ُﻛﻨْ ُ‬ ‫َﻋ ً‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ب‬ ‫ي َأ ْﺑ َﻮا ِ‬‫َو َﺷ ِﻬ ْﻴﺪً ا«‪َ ،‬و ِ ْﰲ ِر َوا َﻳﺔ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﺴ ُﻌ ْﻮد‪» :‬ﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ َﻟ ُﻪ‪ :‬ا ْد ُﺧ ْﻞ ﻣ ْﻦ َأ ﱢ‬
‫ﴩ ِ ْﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺖ«‪َ ،‬و ِ ْﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ِﺔ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻋُ َﻤ َﺮ‪ُ » :‬ﻛﺘِ َ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻨﱠ ِﺔ ِﺷ ْﺌ َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺐ ْﰲ زُ ْﻣ َﺮة ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈء‪َ ،‬و ُﺣ َ‬
‫ﺎظ ﻋَ َﲆ َأ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﺣ ِﺪ ْﻳ ٌﺚ َﺿ ِﻌ ْﻴ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺪَ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻒ ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن‬ ‫اء«‪َ ،‬وا ﱠﺗ َﻔ َﻖ اﳊُ ﱠﻔ ُ‬ ‫زُ ْﻣ َﺮة ﱡ َ‬
‫َﻛ ُﺜ َﺮ ْت ُﻃ ُﺮ ُﻗ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎب ﻣﺎ َﻻ ُﳛﴡ ِﻣﻦ ا ُﳌﺼﻨﱠ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎت‪،‬‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ﻒ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء ِ ْﰲ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْﻟ َﺒ ِ َ‬ ‫َو َﻗﺪْ َﺻﻨﱠ َ‬
‫ﻒ ﻓِ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪ :‬ﻋَ ْﺒﺪُ اﷲ ْﺑ ُﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺒ َﺎر ِك‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﳏ َ ﱠﻤﺪُ ْﺑ ُﻦ َأ ْﺳ َﻠ َﻢ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺄ ﱠو ُل َﻣ ْﻦ ﻋَ ﻠِ ْﻤ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﺻﻨﱠ َ‬
‫ﺎن اﻟﻨﱠ َﺴ ِﻮ ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑ ْﻮ َﺑﻜْ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﱂ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﳊ َﺴ ُﻦ ْﺑ ُﻦ ُﺳ ْﻔ َﻴ َ‬ ‫ﺎﲏ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ا َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ َﺑ ﱡ‬ ‫ﳼ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱡﻄ ْﻮ ﱡ‬
‫ﺎﲏ‪َ ،‬واﻟﺪﱠ َار ُﻗ ْﻄﻨ ِ ﱡﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ْاﻵ ُﺟ ﱢﺮ ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑ ْﻮ َﺑ ْﻜ ٍﺮ ُﳏ ﱠَﻤﺪُ ْﺑ ُﻦ إ ْﺑ َﺮاﻫ ْﻴ َﻢ ْاﻷَ ْﺻ َﻔ َﻬ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻠ ِﻤ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑ ْﻮ َﺳ ِﻌ ْﻴ ٍﺪ ا َﳌﺎﻟ ِ ْﻴﻨ ِ ﱡﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﲪ ِﻦ ﱡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َواﳊَﺎﻛ ُﻢ‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑ ْﻮ ُﻧ َﻌ ْﻴ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑ ْﻮ ﻋَ ْﺒﺪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑ ْﻮ َﺑ ْﻜ ٍﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎ ُﺑ ْﻮ ِﲏ‪َ ،‬و ُﳏ َ ﱠﻤﺪُ ْﺑ ُﻦ ﻋَ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲ ْاﻷَ ْﻧ َﺼ ِ‬ ‫َو َأ ُﺑ ْﻮ ﻋُ ْﺜ َﲈ َن ﱠ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫ﲔ َوا ُﳌ َﺘ َﺄ ﱢﺧ ِﺮ ْﻳ َﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳛ َﺼ ْﻮ َن ِﻣ َﻦ ا ُﳌ َﺘ َﻘﺪﱢ ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻬﻘ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﺧ َﻼﺋ ُﻖ َﻻ ُ ْ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎل اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ‪-‬ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ :-(٤٥٨٩) :‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ﲔ َﺣ ِﺪ ْﻳ ًﺜﺎ ا ْﻗﺘِﺪَ ا ًء ِ َﲠﺆُ َﻻ ِء‬

‫ﲨ ِﻊ َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ ْ َ‬
‫ﷲ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ ِ ْﰲ َ ْ‬ ‫َو َﻗﺪْ ْ‬
‫اﺳ َﺘ َﺨ ْﺮ ُت ا َ‬
‫ﺎظ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫ْاﻷَﺋِﻤ ِﺔ ْاﻷَﻋْ َﻼ ِم‪ ،‬وﺣ ﱠﻔ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻒ ِ ْﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ ِﻌﻴ ِ‬ ‫و َﻗ ِﺪ ا ﱠﺗ َﻔ َﻖ ا ْﻟﻌ َﻠﲈء ﻋَ َﲆ ﺟﻮ ِاز ا ْﻟﻌﻤ ِﻞ ﺑِﺎ ِ ِ‬
‫ﳊﺪ ْﻳﺚ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺚ‪َ ،‬ﺑ ْﻞ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻀﺎﺋِ ِﻞ ْاﻷَﻋْ ﲈ ِل ‪ ،‬وﻣﻊ ﻫ َﺬا َﻓ َﻠﻴﺲ اﻋْ ﺘِﲈ ِدي ﻋَ َﲆ ﻫ َﺬا اﳊ ِﺪﻳ ِ‬
‫(‬‫‪١‬‬ ‫)‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪُ ﻣﻨْ ُﻜ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﻋَ َﲆ َﻗ ْﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ ِﰲ ْاﻷَ َﺣﺎد ْﻳﺚ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤ ْﻴ َﺤﺔ‪» :‬ﻟ ُﻴ َﺒ ﱢﻠ ِﻎ ﱠ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ« ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻐﺎﺋ َ‬
‫ﺎﻫﺎ َﻓ َﺄ ﱠد َاﻫﺎ َﻛ َﲈ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِِ‬
‫ﴬ اﷲُ ْاﻣ َﺮ ًءا َﺳﻤ َﻊ َﻣ َﻘﺎ َﻟﺘ ْﻲ َﻓ َﻮ َﻋ َ‬
‫َو َﻗ ْﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ‪َ » :‬ﻧ ﱠ َ‬
‫َﺳ ِﻤ َﻌ َﻬﺎ«‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬

‫ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ِء َﻣ ْﻦ َ َ‬
‫ﲨ َﻊ ْاﻷَ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ ْ َ‬
‫ﲔ ِﰲ ُأ ُﺻ ْﻮ ِل اﻟﺪﱢ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻢ‬
‫ﺎد‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻢ ِﰲ اﻟﺰﱡ ْﻫ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻢ ِﰲ‬ ‫اﳉﻬ ِ‬
‫ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮ ْو ِع‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻢ ِﰲ ِ َ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﻮل ﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺼﻮاب‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺧﺎﻟﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ﲨﻊ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬اﻟﺜﻤﺮ‬
‫اﳌﺴﺘﻄﺎب‪ ‬ﻟﻠﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ‪.(٢١٩ -٢١٧) ‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١٠٥) :‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮة ‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(١٦٧٩‬ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‪) :‬ﻣﻨﻜﻢ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أﺧﺮﺟﻪ اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ ‪‬اﻷوﺳﻂ‪ ‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ أﻧﺲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٩٤٤٤) :‬وذﻛﺮه‬
‫اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ‪ ‬ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ‪ ‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪» :‬ﻓﺤﻔﻈﻬﺎ ووﻋﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وﺑﻠﻐﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﻌﻬﺎ«‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٩١) :‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻟﻐﲑه‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اب‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻬ ْﻢ ِﰲ اﳋُ َﻄ ِ‬

‫ْاﻵ َد ِ‬
‫ﷲ‬
‫ﴈا ُ‬ ‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬و ُﻛ ﱡﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻣ َﻘﺎﺻﺪُ َﺻ َ‬
‫ﺎﳊ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬ر َ‬
‫ﺎﺻ ِﺪ ْ َﳞﺎ‪.‬‬
‫َﺗﻌ َﺎﱃ ﻋَ ﻦ َﻗ ِ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﲔ َﺣ ِﺪ ْﻳ ًﺜﺎ َأ َﻫ ﱠﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻫ َﺬا ُﻛ ﱢﻠ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ِﻫ َﻲ َأ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن‬ ‫ﲨ َﻊ َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ ْ َ‬‫َو َﻗﺪْ َر َأ ْﻳ ُﺖ َ ْ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺪَ ٌة ﻋَ ﻈِ ْﻴ َﻤ ٌﺔ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺚ ِﻣﻨْﻬﺎ َﻗ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﺣ ِﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ ﻣ ْﺸ َﺘ ِﻤ َﻠ ٌﺔ ﻋَ َﲆ َﲨِﻴ ِﻊ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪ ،‬و ُﻛ ﱡﻞ ﺣ ِﺪﻳ ٍ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫اﻋ ِﺪ اﻟﺪﱢ ْﻳ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺪْ َو َﺻ َﻔ ُﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﻠ َﲈ ُء ﺑِ َﺄ ﱠن َﻣﺪَ َار ْ ِ‬ ‫َﻗﻮ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﲔ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم‪َ ،‬أ ْو ُﺛ ُﻠ ُﺜ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ ْو َﻧ ْﺤ ُﻮ َذﻟ َﻚ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َأ ْﻟ َﺘ ِﺰ ُم ِﰲ َﻫﺬه ْاﻷَ ْر َﺑﻌ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻒ ِْ‬ ‫ﻧِ ْﺼ ُ‬
‫ﺎر ﱢي َو ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪َ ،‬و َأن‬ ‫َأ ْن َﺗ ُﻜ ْﻮ َن َﺻ ِﺤ ْﻴ َﺤ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﻌ َﻈ ُﻤ َﻬﺎ ِﰲ َﺻ ِﺤ ْﻴ َﺤ ِﻲ ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺎع ِ َﲠﺎ ‪-‬إِ ْن‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َأ ْذ ُﻛﺮﻫﺎ َﳏْ ُﺬو َﻓ َﺔ ْ َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫اﻷ َﺳﺎﻧ ْﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟ َﻴ ْﺴ ُﻬ َﻞ ﺣ ْﻔ ُﻈ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ُﻌ ﱠﻢ ْاﻻ ْﻧﺘ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎب ِ ْﰲ َﺿ ْﺒﻂ َﺧﻔ ﱢﻲ َأ ْﻟ َﻔﺎﻇ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َﺷﺎ َء اﷲُ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪ُ -‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُأ ْﺗﺒِ ُﻌ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﺒ ٍ‬

‫ﺎد ْﻳ َﺚ‪َ ،‬ﳌِﺎ‬ ‫ف َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْاﻷَﺣ ِ‬

‫َ‬ ‫ﺐ ِﰲ ْاﻵ ِﺧ َﺮ ِة َأ ْن َﻳ ْﻌ ِﺮ َ‬ ‫اﻏ ٍ‬ ‫وﻳﻨْﺒ ِﻐﻲ ﻟ ِ ُﻜ ﱢﻞ ر ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ََ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﺣ َﺘ َﻮ ْت ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻨْﺒِ ْﻴﻪ ﻋَ َﲆ َﲨ ْﻴ ِﻊ‬ ‫ْاﺷ َﺘ َﻤ َﻠ ْﺖ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ ﻣ َﻦ ا ُﳌ ِﻬ ﱠﲈت‪َ ،‬و ْ‬
‫ﺎﻫ ٌﺮ َﳌِ ْﻦ َﺗﺪَ ﱠﺑ َﺮ ُه‪َ ،‬وﻋَ َﲆ اﷲ اﻋْ ﺘِ َﲈ ِد ْي‪َ ،‬وإِ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﺎت‪ ،‬و َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﻇ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﻟ ﱠﻄﺎﻋَ ِ‬

‫ﳊ ْﻤﺪُ َواﻟﻨﱢ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ ِﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻮﻓِ ْﻴ ُﻖ َوا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﺼ َﻤ ُﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘ َﻨﺎد ْي‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ُﻪ ا َ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻔ ِﻮﻳ ِﴤ و ِ ِ‬
‫ْ ْ َ ْ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬ا ‪‬و‪‬لُ‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِ َ ‬‬
‫ﺎب ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﻣ ِﲑ ا ُﳌ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨ ِ َ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫اﳋ ﱠﻄ ِ‬‫ﺺ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ‬ ‫ﲔ َأ ِﰊ َﺣ ْﻔ ٍ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻮل‪» :‬إﻧ َﱠﲈ ْاﻷَ ْﻋ َﲈ ُل ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱢ ﱠﻴﺎت ‪َ ،‬وإِﻧ َﱠﲈ ﻟﻜ ﱢُﻞ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫اﷲ ورﺳﻮﻟِ ِﻪ َﻓ ِﻬﺠﺮﺗﻪ َإﱃ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻣ ِﺮ ٍئ ﻣﺎ ﻧَﻮى)‪َ ،(٣‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ ِ‬
‫اﷲ‬ ‫ْ َُُ‬ ‫َﺖ ﻫ ْﺠ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻪ َإﱃ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﺖ ِﻫ ْﺠ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻪ ﻟِﺪُ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ُﻳ ِﺼﻴ ُﺒ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ِو ْاﻣ َﺮ َأ ٍة َﻳﻨْﻜِ ُﺤ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫َو َر ُﺳﻮﻟِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬
‫ﺎﺟ َﺮ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ ِﻬ ْﺠ َﺮ ُﺗ ُﻪ َإﱃ َﻣﺎ َﻫ َ‬
‫ﺑﻦ إِ ْﺳ َﲈ ِﻋﻴﻞ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َر َوا ُه إِ َﻣﺎ َﻣﺎ ا ُﳌ َﺤﺪﱢ ﺛﲔَ َأ ُﺑﻮﻋَ ْﺒﺪاﷲ ُﳏ ﱠَﻤﺪُ ُ‬
‫اﳊ َﺴ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺎري ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻫﻴﻢ ِ ِ‬ ‫إِﺑﺮ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ا ُﳌﻐ َﲑة ﺑﻦ َﺑ ْﺮدز َﺑﻪ ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ ﱡ ُ‬
‫اﳉ ْﻌﻔ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و َأ ُﺑﻮ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻴﺤ ْﻴ ِﻬ َﲈ‪‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر ﱡي ِﰲ ‪َ ‬ﺻﺤ َ‬‫ﺑﻦ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻘ َﺸ ْ ِﲑ ﱡي اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻴ َﺴﺎ ُﺑ ِ‬
‫اﳊَ ﱠﺠﺎج ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ْ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ُﻢ ُ‬
‫ِ )‪(٤‬‬
‫ُﺐ ا ُﳌ َﺼﻨﱠ َﻔﺔ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﳘﺎ َأ َﺻ ﱡﺢ ا ْﻟ ُﻜﺘ ِ‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻠ َﺬ ِ‬
‫ﻳﻦ ُ َ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﻧﻔﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻌﺰى اﻟﻘﺮﳾ اﻟﻌﺪوي‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼث وﻋﴩﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﻴﺪً ا‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺞ اﻟﺸﻴﻄﺎن ﻃﺮﻳ ًﻘﺎ آﺧﺮ‪ .‬وﻛﺎن ‪ً ‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑا ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮاﻓﻖ رأﻳﻪ اﻟﻮﺣﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺞ ً‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﱠ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن إذا ﱠ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺔ اﻷﻋﲈل ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺎت‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺪ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﳚﺐ اﻟﺘﻠﻔﻆ ﺑﲈ ﰲ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﰲ ﳾء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدات‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬اﻷﻋﲈل(‪ :‬ﻳﺸﻤﻞ أﻋﲈل اﻟﻘﻠﺐ واﳉﻮارح‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺪ وأراد‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١) :‬وﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٥٤) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٩٠٧) :‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪‬مِ‪‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬مِ‪‬‬
‫ﻮس[ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ‬ ‫ﻋَ ْﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ - ‬أ ْﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪َ -‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺑ ْﻴﻨ ََﲈ ﻧ َْﺤ ُﻦ ] ُﺟ ُﻠ ٌ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫ﺎب‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎض اﻟ ﱢﺜ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫ات َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم‪ ،‬إ ْذ َﻃ َﻠ َﻊ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴﻨَﺎ َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َﺷ ِﺪﻳﺪُ َﺑ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﷲ ﷺ َذ َ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫رﺳ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﻳ ْﻌ ِﺮ ُﻓ ُﻪ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ َأ َﺣﺪٌ ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸ ْﻌ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ُﻳ َﺮى ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َأ َﺛ ُﺮ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺷﺪﻳﺪُ َﺳ َﻮاد ﱠ‬
‫َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﺟ َﻠ َﺲ َإﱃ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﺳﻨَﺪَ ُر ْﻛ َﺒ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻪ َإﱃ ُر ْﻛ َﺒ َﺘ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َو َﺿ َﻊ َﻛ ﱠﻔ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﻋَ َﲆ‬
‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱪ ِﲏ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم؟ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫َﻓﺨ َﺬ ْﻳﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ ُﳏ ﱠَﻤﺪُ َأ ْﺧ ِ ْ‬
‫اﷲ‪،‬‬‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ُم َأ ْن ﺗ َْﺸ َﻬﺪَ )‪َ (٢‬أ ْن َﻻ إ َﻟ َﻪ ﱠإﻻ اﷲُ)‪َ ،(٣‬و َأ ﱠن ُﳏ ﱠَﻤﺪً ا َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫»ِْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼ َة ‪َ ،‬وﺗ ُْﺆ ِ َﰐ اﻟﺰﱠ ﻛَﺎ َة ‪َ ،‬وﺗ َُﺼ َ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺎن ‪َ ،‬و َﲢ ﱠُﺞ‬ ‫ﻮم َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫َوﺗُﻘ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ أﲪﺪ واﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن وﺻﺤﺤﻬﺎ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬أن ﺗﺸﻬﺪ(‪ :‬أي‪ :‬ﺗ ُِﻘ ﱠﺮ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻠﺒِ َﻚ‪ ،‬وﺗﻌﱰف ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬه ﻫﻲ اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﻣﻌﺒﻮد ﺣﻖ إﻻ اﷲ‪ ،‬وﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪ اﻷﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺿﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ أو ً‬
‫ﻧﻔﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﺆدﳞﺎ ﺗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ ﻛﲈ ﻛﺎن اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ ﻳﺆدﳞﺎ‪ً ،‬‬
‫واﻟﺼﻼة ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺪﻋﺎء‪.‬‬
‫وﴍ ًﻋﺎ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎدة ذات أﻗﻮال وأﻓﻌﺎل ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺘﺘﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﺘﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﻲ‪ :‬اﳌﺎل اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﺑﺬﻟﻪ ﳌﺴﺘﺤﻘﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮال اﻟﺰﻛﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﺒﺪً ا ﷲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻫﺐ‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﻔﻀﺔ‪ ،‬واﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﳋﺎرج ﻣﻦ اﻷرض‪ ،‬وﻋﺮوض اﻟﺘﺠﺎرة‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻗﻮل اﳉﻤﻬﻮر‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬اﻟﺼﻮم‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﻋﻦ اﳌﻔﻄﺮات ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﻮع اﻟﻔﺠﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﲏ إﱃ ﻏﺮوب اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺒﺪً ا ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬إﻣﺴﺎك ﳐﺼﻮص ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﳐﺼﻮص‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬اﳊﺞ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﺼﺪ إﱃ اﻟﴚء اﳌﻌﻈﻢ‪ .‬وﰲ اﻟﴩع‪ :‬ﻗﺼﺪ ﻟﺒﻴﺖ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬
‫ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ ﺑﴩاﺋﻂ ﳐﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫إن ْاﺳ َﺘ َﻄ ْﻌﺖ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﺳﺒِ ًﻴﻼ«‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺻﺪَ ْﻗﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﻌ ِﺠ ْﺒﻨَﺎ َﻟ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺖ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َ‬
‫اﻹ َﻳﲈ ِن؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْن ﺗ ُْﺆ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺑِﺎﷲِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱪ ِﲏ ﻋَ ِﻦ ْ ِ‬
‫(‬ ‫‪١‬‬ ‫)‬
‫َﻳ ْﺴ َﺄ ُﻟ ُﻪ َو ُﻳ َﺼﺪﱢ ُﻗ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﺧ ِ ْ‬
‫َو َﻣ َﻼﺋِﻜَﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻛ ُﺘﺒِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُر ُﺳﻠِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم ْاﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وﺗ ُْﺆ ِﻣ َﻦ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘﺪَ ِر َﺧ ْ ِﲑ ِه‬
‫ﺎن؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْن‬ ‫اﻹﺣﺴ ِ‬ ‫َو َﴍ ِه«‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺻﺪَ ْﻗﺖ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﺧ ِ ِ‬
‫ﱪﲏ ﻋَ ِﻦ ْ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﱪ ِﲏ ﻋَ ﻦِ‬ ‫اك«‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﺧ ِْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﺗ ْﻌ ُﺒﺪَ اﷲَ ﻛَﺄﻧﱠﻚ ﺗ ََﺮا ُه‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈ ْن َﱂ ْ َﺗﻜ ُْﻦ ﺗ ََﺮا ُه َﻓﺈ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ َﺮ َ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِ ِﻞ«‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ُﻮل َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻋ َﻠ َﻢ ﻣ َﻦ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋَ ِﺔ)‪(٣‬؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣﺎ ا َﳌ ْﺴﺌ ُ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ )‪(٤‬‬
‫اﳊ َﻔﺎ َة‬‫اﲥﺎ ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْن ﺗَﻠﺪَ ْاﻷَ َﻣ ُﺔ َر ﱠﺑﺘ ََﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َأ ْن ﺗ ََﺮى ُ‬ ‫ﱪ ِﲏ ﻋَ ْﻦ َأ َﻣ َﺎر َ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺄ ْﺧ ِ ْ‬
‫ﻮن ِﰲ ا ْﻟ ُﺒﻨْ َﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ِ‬
‫ﺎن«‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ا ْﻧ َﻄ َﻠ َﻖ‬ ‫ﺎء َﻳ َﺘ َﻄ َﺎو ُﻟ َ‬ ‫ﺎء ﱠ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﻌ َﺮا َة ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َﻟ َﺔ ِر َﻋ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (١‬اﻹﻳﲈن ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻹﻗﺮار واﻻﻋﱰاف اﳌﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻮل واﻹذﻋﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻠﴩع‪.‬‬
‫وﻣﻌﻨﻰ اﻹذﻋﺎن‪ :‬اﻻﻧﻘﻴﺎد‪.‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻹﻳﲈن ﺑﺎﷲ أرﺑﻌﺔ أﺷﻴﺎء‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻹﻳﲈن ﺑﻮﺟﻮده‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻹﻳﲈن ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺮاده ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﻮﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻹﻳﲈن ﺑﺎﻧﻔﺮاده ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮﻫﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻹﻳﲈن ﺑﺄﺳﲈﺋﻪ وﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة‪ :‬ﻫﻲ اﺳﻢ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺒﻪ اﷲ وﻳﺮﺿﺎه ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﻮال واﻷﻋﲈل اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة‬
‫واﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ :‬ﻗﻴﺎم اﻟﻨﺎس ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻮرﻫﻢ ﻟﺮب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻣﺎﲥﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪‬مِ‪‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋِ ُﻞ؟«‪َ ،‬ﻗ ْﻠ ُﺖ‪ :‬ا ُ‬

‫ﷲ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ َﻠﺒِ ْﺜ ُﺖ َﻣﻠﻴﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ ُﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ َأﺗَﺪْ ِري َﻣ ِﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ﻳﻞ َأﺗَﺎﻛ ُْﻢ ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢﻠ ُﻤﻜ ُْﻢ ِدﻳﻨَﻜ ُْﻢ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه‬
‫َو َر ُﺳﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ َأﻋْ َﻠ ُﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ِﺟ ْ ِﱪ ُ‬
‫ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫]) َﻻ ﻳﺮى(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺑِﻀﻢ ا ْﻟﻴ ِ‬

‫ﺎء ِﻣ ْﻦ ) َﻳ َﺮى(‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َُ‬
‫ﴍ ِه(‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻌﺘ َِﻘﺪُ َأ ﱠن ا َ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬وﺗ ُْﺆﻣ َﻦ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َﻘﺪَ ر َﺧ ْﲑه َو َ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﴩ َﻗﺒ َﻞ َﺧ ْﻠ ِﻖ اﳋ ْﻠ ِﻖ‪ ،‬و َأ ﱠن َﲨِﻴﻊ ا ْﻟﻜَﺎﺋِﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎت‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﳋ ْ َﲑ َو ﱠ ﱠ ْ‬ ‫َﺗ َﺒ َﺎر َك َو َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ َﻗﺪﱠ َر ا َ‬
‫ﺎء اﷲ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ َو َﻗﺪَ ِر ِه‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ُﻣ ِﺮ ْﻳﺪٌ َﳍَﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻘﻀ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﺧ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎﲥﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱪ ْﲏ َﻋ ْﻦ َأ َﻣ َﺎر َ‬
‫اﲥﺎ(‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ اﳍ َ ْﻤﺰَ ة‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪ :‬ﻋَ َﻼ َﻣ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َﺎن‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ِﻦ اﻟﺮواﻳ ُﺔ ﺑِﺎﳍﺎء‪ِ.‬‬ ‫ﺎء‪ُ -‬ﻟ َﻐﺘ ِ‬ ‫وﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل‪َ :‬أﻣﺎر ‪-‬ﺑِ َﻼ ﻫ ٍ‬
‫ﱢ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬ ‫َُ‬
‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬ﺗَﻠِﺪُ ْاﻷَ َﻣ ُﺔ َر ﱠﺑﺘ ََﻬﺎ(‪َ :‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﺳ ﱢﻴﺪَ َ َﲥﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬أ ْن َﺗ ْﻜ ُﺜ َﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ﱢﻴ ِﺪ ِ ْﰲ َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﻰ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫اﻟﴪ ﱠﻳ ُﺔ ﺑِﻨْﺘًﺎ ﻟ َﺴ ﱢﻴﺪ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺑِﻨ ُْﺖ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﴪ ِار ْي َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺗ َِﻠﺪَ ْاﻷَ َﻣ ُﺔ ﱠ ِ‬
‫ﱠَ‬
‫اﻟﴪ ِار ْي َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ﺗ َْﺸ َ ِﱰ َي ا َﳌ ْﺮ َأ ُة ُأ ﱠﻣ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ﱢﻴﺪ‪َ .‬وﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳ ْﻜ ُﺜ ُﺮ َﺑ ْﻴ ُﻊ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﻠ ًﺔ ﺑِ َﺄ ﱠﳖَﺎ ُأ ﱡﻣ َﻬﺎ‪َ .‬و ِﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ َﻏ ْ ُﲑ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬و َﻗﺪْ َأ ْو َﺿ ْﺤ ُﺘ ُﻪ ِ ْﰲ‬
‫وﺗَﺴ َﺘﻌﺒِﺪَ َﻫﺎ؛ ﺟ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ ْ‬
‫ﴍ ِح َﺻ ِﺤ ْﻴ ِﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪ ‬ﺑِﺪَ َﻻﺋِﻠِ ِﻪ َو َﲨِ ْﻴ ِﻊ ُﻃ ُﺮ ِﻗ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َْ‬‬
‫(‬‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٨) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(١٥٨/١) ‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬ا ْﻟ َﻌﺎ َﻟ َﺔ(‪َ :‬أ ْي‪ :‬ا ْﻟ ُﻔ ْﻘ َﺮا ُء‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬أ ﱠن َأ َﺳﺎﻓِ َﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس‬
‫ﺎﻫ َﺮ ٍة‪.‬‬
‫ﻳ ِﺼﲑو َن َأ ْﻫ َﻞ َﺛﺮو ٍة َﻇ ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫َ ُْ ْ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻠِﻴﺎ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺑِﺘ َْﺸ ِﺪﻳ ِﺪ ا ْﻟﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪ :‬زَ َﻣﻨًﺎ ﻛَﺜِ ْ ًﲑا‪َ .‬وﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬ ‫ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻟﺒِ ْﺜ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َذﻟ ِ َﻚ َﺛ َﻼ ًﺛﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻫﻜ ََﺬا ﺟﺎء ﻣﺒﻴﻨًﺎ ِﰲ ِرواﻳ ِﺔ َأ ِﰊ داود و ﱢ ِ ِ‬
‫ﳘﺎ[‪.‬‬‫اﻟﱰﻣﺬ ﱢي َو َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َ‬ ‫َ َ َُﱠ ْ َ َ ْ َ ُ َ َ ْ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ُِ‬‬
‫ﺎب ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫اﳋ ﱠﻄ ِ‬‫اﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ)‪ (١‬ﻋﺒ ِﺪاﻟﺮﲪ ِﻦ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫َْ ﱠ َْ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ْﺲ)‪َ :(٣‬ﺷﻬﺎدةِ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ُم َﻋ َﲆ َﲬ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮل‪ُ » :‬ﺑﻨ َﻲ ْ ِ‬‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫َأ ْن َﻻ إ َﻟﻪ ﱠإﻻ اﷲُ‪ ،‬و َأ ﱠن ُﳏَﻤﺪً ا ﻋﺒﺪُ ه ورﺳﻮ ُﻟﻪ‪ ،‬وإِ َﻗﺎ ِم اﻟﺼ َﻼ ِة‪ ،‬وإِﻳﺘ ِ‬
‫َﺎء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ َْ ُ ََ ُ ْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ )‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺎن«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ‪َ ،‬و َﺻ ْﻮ ِم َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫َﺎة‪ ،‬وﺣﺞ ا ْﻟﺒﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺰﱠ ﻛ َ َ ﱢ َ ْ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻫﺬه ﻛﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻜﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ُﺻﺪﱢ ر ﺑﺄب‪ ،‬أو أم‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺪوي اﻟﻘﺮﳾ اﳌﻜﻲ اﳌﺪﲏ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮض ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎد ﻋﲆ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪،‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ أرﺑﻊ ﻋﴩة ﺳﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺪ اﻷﺣﺰاب‪ ،‬واﳊﺪﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﺎ أﺣﺪ إﻻ ﻣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ إﻻ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ‬
‫أﺷﺪ اﻟﻨﺎس إﺗﺒﺎﻋًﺎ ﻟﻸﺛﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻋﲆ ﲬﺲ دﻋﺎﺋﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٨) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٦) :‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ا ِ‪ُ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬ا‪ُِ‬‬
‫ﻮد ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺣﺪﱠ َﺛﻨَﺎ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫اﷲ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺴﻌ ٍ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲪ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ْ َ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إن َأ َﺣﺪَ ﻛ ُْﻢ ُ ْ‬
‫ﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ َﺧ ْﻠ ُﻘ ُﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎد ُق ا َﳌ ْﺼﺪُ ْو ُق‪ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﱠ‬ ‫َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ُﻮن َﻋ َﻠ َﻘ ًﺔ ِﻣ ْﺜ َﻞ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ‬ ‫ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻄ ِﻦ ُأ ﱢﻣ ِﻪ َأ ْر َﺑ ِﻌ َ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﲔ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ ُﻧ ْﻄ َﻔ ًﺔ ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻳﻜ ُ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪ِ (٤‬‬
‫وح ‪،‬‬ ‫ُﻮن ُﻣ ْﻀﻐ ًَﺔ ﻣ ْﺜ َﻞ َذﻟ َﻚ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُﻳ ْﺮ َﺳ ُﻞ إ َﻟ ْﻴﻪ ا َﳌ َﻠ ُﻚ َﻓ َﻴﻨْ ُﻔ ُﺦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َ‬ ‫َﻳﻜ ُ‬
‫ِ )‪(٩‬‬ ‫ِ ِ )‪(٨‬‬ ‫ِ ِ )‪(٧‬‬ ‫ِ ِ )‪(٦‬‬ ‫وﻳ ْﺆﻣﺮ ﺑِ َﺄرﺑ ِﻊ ﻛَﻠِﲈ ٍ‬
‫ْﺐ ِرزْ ﻗﻪ ‪َ ،‬و َأ َﺟﻠﻪ ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ َﻤﻠﻪ ‪َ ،‬و َﺷﻘ ﱞﻲ‬ ‫ت‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻜﺘ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َُ َُ َْ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﻏﺎﻓﻞ اﳍﺬﱄ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ اﺛﻨﲔ وﺛﻼﺛﲔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻢ أﺻﺤﺎب‬
‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺪرا‪ ،‬وﻫﺎﺟﺮ اﳍﺠﺮﺗﲔ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﻬﺎ ورﻋًﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ً‬
‫وﻗﺪ وﱄ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء‪ ،‬وﺑﻴﺖ اﳌﺎل‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ً‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﻦ ﻣﻦ ﱢﰲ رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ ﺳﺒﻌﲔ ﺳﻮرة‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ اﻟﺪرداء ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮك ﺑﻌﺪه ﻣﺜﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻟﻔﻈﺔ )ﻧﻄﻔﺔ( ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ اﻷﻣﻬﺎت اﻟﺴﺖ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﳍﺎ ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﺪم اﳉﺎﻣﺪ اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻆ‪ ،‬واﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻘﺔ ‪-‬ﻫﻨﺎ‪ -‬دم ﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﻓﻴﻪ اﳋﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬واﳌﻀﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﳊﻢ ﺑﻘﺪر ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻀﻐﻪ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﳛﻴﻰ اﳉﺴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻔﺮاء ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻴﺶ ﺑﻪ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬اﻟﺮزق‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﻔﻊ ﺑﻪ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺪة ﺑﻘﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻋﲈل اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬واﻟﻘﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬اﻟﺸﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫َأ ْو َﺳ ِﻌﻴﺪٌ ؛ َﻓ َﻮا ﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻻ إ َﻟ َﻪ ﻏَ ْ ُﲑ ُه‪ ،‬ﱠ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫إن َأ َﺣﺪَ ﻛ ُْﻢ َﻟ َﻴ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺑِ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ‪َ ،‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻣﺎ َﻳﻜ ُ‬
‫َﺎب‬‫اع ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻴ ْﺴﺒِ ُﻖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ ا ْﻟﻜﺘ ُ‬ ‫ُﻮن َﺑ ْﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َو َﺑ ْﻴﻨ ََﻬﺎ ﱠإﻻ ذ َر ٌ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﱠﺎر َﻓ َﻴﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻠ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠن َأ َﺣﺪَ ﻛ ُْﻢ َﻟ َﻴ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺑِ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ‬‫َﻓ َﻴ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺑِ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫اع‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻴ ْﺴﺒِ ُﻖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ ا ْﻟﻜﺘ ُ‬
‫َﺎب‬ ‫ُﻮن َﺑ ْﻴﻨَ ُﻪ َو َﺑ ْﻴﻨ ََﻬﺎ ﱠإﻻ ذ َر ٌ‬ ‫ﱠﺎر‪َ ،‬ﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ َﻣﺎ َﻳﻜ ُ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ َﻓ َﻴﺪْ ُﺧ ُﻠ َﻬﺎ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬‫َﻓ َﻴ ْﻌ َﻤ ُﻞ ﺑِ َﻌ َﻤ ِﻞ َأ ْﻫ ِﻞ َ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ُِَ‬‬
‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﲔ ُأ ﱢم َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ َﻋ ِﺎﺋ َﺸ َﺔ ‪َ ‬ﻗﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻋَ ْﻦ ُأ ﱢم ا ُﳌ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨِ َ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ‪:‬‬
‫ث ِﰲ َأ ْﻣ ِﺮﻧَﺎ َﻫ َﺬا َﻣﺎ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َر ﱞد«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪،‬‬ ‫» َﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺣﺪَ َ‬
‫َو ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺴﻌﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﻋﲆ وزن )ﻓﻌﻴﻞ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‪) :‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺸﻘﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺬراع ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺮﻓﻖ إﱃ ﻃﺮف اﻷﺻﺒﻊ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٣٢٠٨) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٦٤٣) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬وﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺑﻨﺖ أﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ أﰊ ﻗﺤﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺗﺖ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ وﲬﺴﲔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ أﻓﻘﻪ ﻧﺴﺎء اﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﴪوق إذا ﺣﺪث ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻘﻮل‪ :‬ﺣﺪﺛﺘﻨﻲ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺖ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ اﷲ‪ ،‬اﳌﱪأة ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮق ﺳﺒﻊ ﺳﲈوات‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل ﻋﺮوة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺰﺑﲑ ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ رأﻳﺖ أﺣﺪً ا أﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﻔﻘﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺑﻄﺐ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺑﺸﻌﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺎﺋﺸﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٦٩٧) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٧١٨) :‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪‬دِسُ‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫َو ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳ ٍﺔ ُﳌ ِ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ ‪َ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ َﻋ َﻤ ًﻼ َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َأ ْﻣ ُﺮﻧَﺎ َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ َر ﱞد«‪.‬‬

‫)‪(١‬‬

‫] َأ ْي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺮ ُد ْو ٌد‪ ،‬ﻛَﺎﳋَ ْﻠ ِﻖ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ا َﳌ ْﺨ ُﻠ ْﻮ ِق[‪.‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬دِسُ‬
‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌﺖ‬ ‫اﷲ اﻟﻨﱡ ْﻌ َﲈ ِن ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺑ ِﺸ ٍﲑ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﲔ َوإِ ﱠن َ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫إن َ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻴﻨ َُﻬ َﲈ‬ ‫اﳊ َﺮ َام َﺑ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫اﳊ َﻼ َل َﺑ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫ﻮل‪ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫اﷲ ﷺ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ﱠﺎس‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻤ ِﻦ ا ﱠﺗ َﻘﻰ‬ ‫ﺎت)‪َ (٦‬ﻻ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻠ ُﻤ ُﻬ ﱠﻦ ﻛَﺜِ ٌﲑ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻮر[ ُﻣ ْﺸ َﺘﺒِ َﻬ ٌ‬ ‫] ُأ ُﻣ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻬ ِ‬ ‫ﺎت)‪َ (٧‬ﻓ َﻘﺪ)‪ (٨‬اﺳﺘ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺎت‬ ‫َﱪ َأ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﻪ َوﻋ ْﺮﺿﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ َو َﻗ َﻊ ِﰲ ﱡ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬ ‫ﱡ َُ‬
‫اﳊﻤﻰ ﻳ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺮامِ‪ ،‬ﻛ ِ‬
‫َو َﻗ َﻊ ِﰲ َ َ‬
‫)‪(١١‬‬ ‫(‬‫‪١٠‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬‫‪٩‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﻮﺷ ُﻚ َأ ْن َﻳ ْﺮﺗ ََﻊ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َﺎﻟﺮاﻋﻲ َﻳ ْﺮ َﻋﻰ َﺣ ْﻮ َل َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٧١٨) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺛﻌﻠﺒﺔ اﺑﻦ اﳉﻼس‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ وﺳﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻪ وﻷﺑﻮﻳﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺔ‪،‬‬
‫و َﱄ ﲪﺺ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬اﳌﺒﺎح ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‪ ،‬واﻷﻗﻮال‪ ،‬واﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎد‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬اﳌﻤﻨﻮع ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬أو اﻋﺘﻘﺎده‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﲠﺬا اﻟﺴﻴﺎق ﻋﻨﺪ أﰊ داود ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪.(٣٣٢٩‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻠﺘﺒﺴﺎت وﻣﺸﻜﻼت‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ :‬ﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﻴﻨﻪ وﺑﲔ اﳌﺸﺘﺒﻬﺎت وﻗﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﻫﺬه اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻋﻨﺪ أﰊ ﻋﻮاﻧﺔ ﺑﺮﻗﻢ )‪ (٥٤٦٠‬ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﳛﻔﻆ اﳌﺎﺷﻴﺔ وﻳﺮﻋﺎﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬أي‪ :‬ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﳌﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻜﻸ‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬اﻟﻌﺸﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬أي‪ُ :‬ﳜﺸﻰ أن ﻳﻘﻊ ﻏﻨﻤﻪ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻌﺸﺐ اﳌﺤﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫َﺎر ُﻣ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ َﻻ َوإِ ﱠن ِﰲ‬ ‫ﻚ ِﲪﻰ‪َ ،‬أ َﻻ وإِن ِﲪﻰ ِ‬

‫اﷲ َﳏ ِ‬ ‫ﻓِ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬أ َﻻ وإِ ﱠن ﻟِﻜ ﱢُﻞ ﻣﻠِ ٍ‬
‫َ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﳉ َﺴ ِﺪ ُﻣ ْﻀﻐ ًَﺔ ‪ ،‬إ َذا َﺻ َﻠ َﺤ ْ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫اﳉ َﺴﺪُ ُﻛ ﱡﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وإ َذا َﻓ َﺴﺪَ ْت َﻓ َﺴﺪَ‬ ‫ﺖ َﺻ َﻠ َﺢ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ)‪َ .«(٢‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳉ َﺴﺪُ ُﻛ ﱡﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬أ َﻻ َوﻫ َﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ ُ‬‫َ‬

‫ﺎن ِد ْﻳﻨَ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﲪَﻰ ِﻋ ْﺮ َﺿ ُﻪ‬

‫َﱪ َأ ﻟِ ِﺪﻳﻨ ِ ِﻪ َو ِﻋ ْﺮ ِﺿ ِﻪ(‪َ :‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﺻ َ‬‫]) َﻓ َﻘﺪ ْاﺳﺘ ْ َ‬
‫ﱠﺎس ﻓِ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ِﻣ ْﻦ ُو ُﻗ ْﻮ ِع اﻟﻨ ِ‬

‫ﴪ ُع‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪ُ :‬ﻳ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﴪ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻗﻮ ُﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻳﻮ ِﺷ ُﻚ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺑِﻀﻢ اﻟﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء َوﻛ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُ َ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ ُْ‬
‫َو َﻳ ْﻘ ُﺮ ُب‪.‬‬

‫َﺎر ُﻣ ُﻪ(‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪ :‬ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬ ْي َ َ‬

‫ﲪﺎ ُه اﷲُ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪َ ،‬و َﻣﻨ ََﻊ‬ ‫ﲪﻰ اﷲ َﳏ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬‬
‫ُد ُﺧ ْﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻴﺎ ُء ا ﱠﻟﺘِ ْﻲ َﺣ ﱠﺮ َﻣ َﻬﺎ[‪.‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ُِ‬‬
‫ي ‪َ ، ‬أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُر َﻗ ﱠﻴ َﺔ ﲤَ ِﻴ ِﻢ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْو ٍ‬
‫س اﻟﺪﱠ ِار ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﳌﻀﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻗﺪر ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻀﻎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬وﺳﻤﻲ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻗﻠﺒﺎ؛ ﻟﻜﺜﺮة ﺗﻘﻠﺒﻪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﻀﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺆاد ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻴﺎط‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻴﺎط‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻋﺮق ﻏﻠﻴﻆ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٥٢) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٥٩٩) :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﲤﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ أوس ﺑﻦ ﺧﺎرﺟﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻮد‪ ،‬أﺑﻮ رﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاري ﱡ‬
‫رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ أرﺑﻌﲔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ أول ﻣﻦ ﻗﺺ اﻟﻘﺼﺺ ﺑﺈذن ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪ُِ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْِَ‬‬

‫ﷲِ ‪َ ،‬وﻟِﻜِﺘَﺎﺑِ ِﻪ ‪َ ،‬وﻟِ َﺮ ُﺳﻮﻟِ ِﻪ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﺤ ُﺔ« ‪ُ .‬ﻗ ْﻠﻨَﺎ‪َ :‬ﳌِ ْﻦ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫ِ)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺼ َ‬ ‫»اﻟﺪﱢ ُ‬
‫ﲔ َو َﻋ ﱠﺎﻣﺘِ ِﻬ ْﻢ «‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬‫َو ِﻷَﺋِ ﱠﻤ ِﺔ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َ‬
‫ِ )‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫(‬‫‪٥‬‬ ‫)‬

‫] َﻗﻮ ُﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻋﻦ َأ ِﰊ ر َﻗﻴ َﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺑِ َﻀﻢ اﻟﺮ ِاء‪ ،‬و َﻓﺘ ِْﺢ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ِ‬
‫ﺎف‪َ ،‬وﺗ َْﺸ ِﺪ ْﻳ ِﺪ‬ ‫ﱢ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ ُ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ ْ‬
‫ا ْﻟﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﺳ ُﻤ ُﻪ‪ :‬اﻟﺪﱠ ُار‪َ .‬و ِﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪ :‬إِ َﱃ‬ ‫ي(‪َ ،‬ﻣﻨ ُْﺴ ْﻮ ٌب إِ َﱃ َﺟﺪﱟ َﻟ ُﻪ ْ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬اﻟﺪﱠ ِار ﱢ‬
‫َﻣ ْﻮ ِﺿ ٍﻊ ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل َﻟ ُﻪ‪َ :‬د ِار ْﻳ ُﻦ‪َ .‬و ُﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل ﻓِ ْﻴ ِﻪ َأ ْﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺪﱠ ْﻳ ِﺮ ﱡي ﻧِ ْﺴ َﺒ ًﺔ إِ َﱃ‪َ :‬د ْﻳ ٍﺮ ﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن‬
‫ﴍ ِح َﺻ ِﺤ ْﻴ ِﺢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ُﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﺒﺪُ ﻓ ْﻴﻪ‪َ .‬و َﻗﺪْ َﺑ َﺴ ْﻄ ُﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ َل ْﰲ إ ْﻳ َﻀﺎﺣﻪ ْﰲ َأ َواﺋ ِﻞ ‪ْ َ ‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬

‫ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪.[ ‬‬

‫)‪(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻨﺼﻴﺤﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬اﻟﺪﻋﺎء إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺼﻼح‪ ،‬واﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﲈ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬إرادة اﳋﲑ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺼﻮح ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬ﲣﻠﺺ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدة ﻟﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻮﺣﻴﺪه‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻻﻣﺘﺜﺎل ﺑﲈ أﻣﺮ اﷲ ‪ ‬ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬واﻻﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻋﲈ ﳖﻰ ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬وﻫﺬا ﰲ اﻹﻳﲈن ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﺑﲈ أﺧﱪ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﲡﺮﻳﺪ اﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﻢ‪ :‬اﻟﻌﻠﲈء واﻷﻣﺮاء‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻴﻌﻄﻲ ﻛﻞ ذي ﺣﻖ ﺣﻘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬اﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﲆ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬وﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﺑﻄﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪ ،‬وﳏﺒﺔ اﳋﲑ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﳏﺘﺴ ًﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻷﺟﺮ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ اﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٥٥) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬اﻧﻈﺮ‪ :‬ﴍح ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎب‪ :‬ﺻﺤﺔ اﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎج ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ اﳌﻌﻨﻌﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ُِ‬‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ » :‬أ ِﻣ ْﺮ ُت َأ ْن ُأ َﻗﺎﺗِ َﻞ‬
‫ﻮل ِ‬
‫ﻋَﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﷲ‪،‬‬‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻳ ْﺸ َﻬﺪُ وا)‪َ (٢‬أ ْن َﻻ إ َﻟ َﻪ ﱠإﻻ اﷲُ‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠن ُﳏ ﱠَﻤﺪً ا َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻨ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼةَ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳ ْﺆﺗُﻮا اﻟﺰﱠ ﻛَﺎةَ؛ َﻓﺈِ َذا َﻓ َﻌ ُﻠﻮا َذﻟِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻋ َﺼ ُﻤﻮا ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻴﻤﻮا ﱠ‬ ‫َو ُﻳﻘ ُ‬
‫ْ ِ ﺳ َﻼمِ‪ ،‬و ِﺣﺴﺎﲠﻢ ﻋ َﲆ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﷲ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه‬ ‫َ َ ُُ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎء ُﻫ ْﻢ َو َأ ْﻣ َﻮ َُاﳍ ْﻢ ﱠإﻻ ﺑِ َﺤ ﱢﻖ اﻹ ْ‬
‫د َﻣ َ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ُِ‬‬
‫ﲪ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺻ ْﺨ ٍﺮ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َﻋ ْﺒﺪ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮل‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﳖﻴ ُﺘﻜُﻢ)‪ (٦‬ﻋﻨْﻪ َﻓﺎﺟﺘَﻨِﺒﻮه)‪ ،(٧‬وﻣﺎ َأﻣﺮ ُﺗﻜُﻢ ﺑِﻪِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ َ َ َ ْ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ ُ َ َ َ ْ ْ‬ ‫َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ أن ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﰲ ﺟﻬﺎد اﻷﻋﺪاء‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻠﻤﺔ اﷲ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬إﱃ أن ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻮا‪) :‬ﻻ إﻟﻪ إﻻ اﷲ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ رﺳﻮل اﷲ(‪ ،‬وﻳﻌﺘﻘﺪوا ذﻟﻚ ﺑﻘﻠﻮﲠﻢ‪،‬‬
‫وﻣﻌﻨﻰ )ﻻ إﻟﻪ إﻻ اﷲ(‪ :‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﻣﻌﺒﻮد ﺣﻖ إﻻ اﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻌﻮا‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٥) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٢) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﻟﺪﱠ وﳼ اﻟﻴﲈﲏ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒﻊ وﲬﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﺣﺎﻓ ًﻈﺎ ﻣﺘﻘﻨًﺎ ﻣﺜﺒﺘًﺎ ذﻛﻴﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺻﻴﺎم وﻗﻴﺎم‪ ،‬و َﱄ إﻣﺮة اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺮات‪ .‬ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻓﻆ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺎه اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ ﺣﲔ رآه ﳛﻤﻞ ﻫﺮة‪ .‬ﺷﻬﺪ ﺧﻴﱪ ﺑﻌﺪ إﺳﻼﻣﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﴍة‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬اﻟﻨﻬﻲ‪ :‬ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻜﻒ ﻋﲆ وﺟﻪ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻼء‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ :‬اﺑﺘﻌﺪوا ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ا‪ ُْ ِَ‬ا ‪ُِَ‬‬

‫ﻳﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻗ ْﺒﻠِﻜ ُْﻢ َﻛ ْﺜ َﺮ ُة َﻣ َﺴﺎﺋِﻠِ ِﻬ ْﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َﻓ ْﺄﺗُﻮا ﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ْاﺳ َﺘ َﻄ ْﻌﺘ ُْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِﻧ َﱠﲈ َأ ْﻫ َﻠ َﻚ ا ﱠﻟﺬ َ‬
‫ﺎري‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫اﺧﺘِ َﻼ ُﻓ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﻧﺒِ َﻴﺎﺋِ ِﻬ ْﻢ)‪َ .«(١‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫َو ْ‬
‫َﴪ َﻫﺎ[‪.‬‬ ‫اﺧﺘِ َﻼ ُﻓﻬﻢ(‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺑِﻀﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎء َﻻ ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ‬ ‫]) َو ْ‬
‫ُ ْ ُ َ َ ﱢ‬
‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ُِَ‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫إن اﷲَ َﻃ ﱢﻴ ٌ‬‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ََْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ ﺑِ َﲈ َأ َﻣ َﺮ ﺑِﻪ اﳌُ ْﺮ َﺳﻠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫َﻻ َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ ُﻞ ﱠإﻻ َﻃ ﱢﻴ ًﺒﺎ ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠن اﷲَ َأ َﻣ َﺮ ا ُﳌ ْﺆﻣﻨ َ‬
‫َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪َ ،﴾w v u t s r q﴿ :‬و َﻗ َﺎل َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪:‬‬
‫﴿‪ُ ،﴾T S R Q P O N M‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َذﻛ ََﺮ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ َﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺴ َﲈ ِء‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ﱢب َﻳﺎ َر ﱢب!‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ُﻳﻄِ ُ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﱪ ‪َ ،‬ﻳ ُﻤﺪﱡ َﻳﺪَ ْﻳﻪ َإﱃ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻔ َﺮ‪َ ،‬أ ْﺷ َﻌ َ )‪َ (٥‬‬
‫ﺚ أﻏْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻞ ﱠ‬
‫ي)‪ (٧‬ﺑِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﳊ َﺮامِ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴩ ُﺑ ُﻪ َﺣ َﺮ ٌام‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﺴ ُﻪ َﺣ َﺮ ٌام‪َ ،‬وﻏُﺬ َ‬‫َو َﻣ ْﻄ َﻌ ُﻤ ُﻪ َﺣ َﺮ ٌام‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎب ﻟِ َﺬﻟِ َﻚ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ َﺄﻧﱠﻰ ُﻳ ْﺴﺘ ََﺠ ُ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬أﻫﻠﻜﺘﻬﻢ اﳌﻌﺎرﺿﺔ واﳌﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﻷﻧﺒﻴﺎﺋﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٧٢٨٨) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٣٣٧) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻃﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﺰه ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﺎﺋﺺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﻮال واﻷﻋﲈل‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬أﺷﻌﺚ اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬أﻏﱪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﱰاب‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﺮﺑﻰ ﺑﺎﳊﺮام ﻓﻨﺸﺄ وﻛ َُﱪ ﲠﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٠١٥) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ال ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻤ ِﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺬ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﳊ َﺮا ِم(‪ُ ،‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْ ِ‬
‫ﲔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ْ ِ‬
‫َﴪ ﱠ‬ ‫ي ﺑِ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫] َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬ﻏُﺬ َ‬
‫ا ُﳌ َﺨ ﱠﻔ َﻔ ِﺔ[‪.‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َ‬دِيْ ‪َََ‬‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻂ‬‫ﺐ)‪ِ ،(١‬ﺳﺒ ِ‬ ‫اﳊ َﺴ ِﻦ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ِ ﱢﲇ ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻃﺎﻟِ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِ ْﰊ ُﳏ ﱠَﻤ ٍﺪ َ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﳛﺎﻧَﺘﻪ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺣﻔ ْﻈ ُﺖ ﻣ ْﻦ َر ُﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪:‬‬
‫ِ ِ )‪(٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َر ُﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪َ ،‬و َر ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ َﱠﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ‪،‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫» َد ْع َﻣﺎ َﻳ ِﺮﻳ ُﺒﻚ َإﱃ َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ِﺮﻳ ُﺒﻚ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ﱢ ْ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬ ‫َو َﻗ َﺎل ﱢ ْ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺣﻠﻴﲈ‪ ،‬ذا ﺳﻜﻴﻨﺔ ووﻗﺎر وﺧﺸﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰوج ﺳﺒﻌﲔ اﻣﺮأة‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ﱟ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻛﺎن ﺳﻴﺪً ا ً‬
‫وﲬﺴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺴﺒﻂ‪ :‬واﺣﺪ اﻷﺳﺒﺎط‪ ،‬وﻫﻢ وﻟﺪ اﻟﻮﻟﺪ‪ ،‬واﻷﺳﺒﺎط ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﻲ إﴎاﺋﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮب‪ ،‬ﻗﺎل ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪]﴾$ # " !﴿ :‬اﻷﻋﺮاف‪.[١٦٠:‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ اﻟﺒﻨﺖ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ اﻻﺑﻦ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺣﻔﻴﺪً ا‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﻲ‪ :‬زﻫﺮة اﻟﺮﳛﺎن‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬اﺗﺮك‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﺤﻘﻚ ﺑﻪ رﻳﺐ وﺷﻚ وﻗﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪ ‬ﻟﻸﻟﺒﺎﲏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٥١٨) :‬واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪،(٥٧١١) :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪ ‬ﻟﻺﻣﺎم اﻟﻮادﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٣٠٨) :‬‬
 ‫‪ََ‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬مِ‪َ ْ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬مِ‪َََ ْ‬‬

‫اﷲ ﷺ‪ِ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه ﱢ ْ‬‫إﺳ َﻼ ِم ا َﳌ ْﺮ ِء‪ :‬ﺗ َْﺮ ُﻛ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻌﻨ ِ ِﻴﻪ«‪َ .‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬
‫ْ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻜَﺬا ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُه َﻫ َ‬
‫] َﻗﻮ ُﻟﻪ‪) :‬ﻳﻌﻨِﻴ ِﻪ(‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ا ْﻟﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء[‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َْ ْ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َََ ُِ‬‬

‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎد ِم رﺳ ِ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫َﺲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟﻚ ‪َ ، ‬ﺧ َ ُ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ‪ ،‬ﻋَ ِﻦ‬ ‫ﲪﺰَ َة َأﻧ ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ َ ْ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ )‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺐ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻷَﺧﻴﻪ َﻣﺎ ُﳛ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُﻳ ْﺆﻣ ُﻦ َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻛ ُْﻢ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ُﳛ ﱠ‬
‫ﻟِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ)‪َ .«(٤‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ‪ ‬ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٣٩٧٦‬وﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٥٩١١) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ اﻟﻨﴬ ﺑﻦ ﺿﻤﻀﻢ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﺠﺎري اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‪ ،‬ﺧﺎدم رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰل اﻟﺒﴫة‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪ .‬روى ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ أﻟﻔﲔ وﻣﺎﺋﺘﲔ وﺳﺘﺔ ﺣﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ‪ .‬دﻋﺎ ﻟﻪ ﷺ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻛﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻟﻪ ووﻟﺪه‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺻﻞ أوﻻده ﻣﺎﺋﺔ وﻋﴩﻳﻦ وﻧﻴ ًﻔﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻠﴩع‪.‬‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻹﻳﲈن ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻹﻗﺮار اﳌﺴﺘﻠﺰم ﻟﻠﻘﺒﻮل واﻹذﻋﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‬
‫وﴍ ًﻋﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﻮل ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺴﺎن‪ ،‬واﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺎﳉﻨﺎن‪ ،‬وﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﳉﻮارح واﻷرﻛﺎن‪ ،‬ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬وﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺼﻴﺎن‪ .‬واﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬ﻟﻜﲈل اﻟﻮاﺟﺐ ﰲ اﻹﻳﲈن‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻠﺐ اﳌﻨﺎﻓﻊ ودﻓﻊ اﳌﻀﺎر‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١٣) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٤٥) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬ا‪َََ ُِ‬‬

‫اﷲ ﷺ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﳛِ ﱡﻞ َد ُم‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻮد ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ اﺑ ِﻦ ﻣﺴﻌ ٍ‬
‫ِ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﺐ اﻟﺰﱠ ِاﲏ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ُﺲ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ )‪(١‬‬
‫ﱠإﻻ ﺑِﺈِ ْﺣﺪَ ى َﺛ َﻼث‪ :‬اﻟ ﱠﺜ ﱢﻴ ُ‬ ‫ْاﻣ ِﺮ ٍئ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ٍﻢ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪،‬‬‫ﺎر ُق ﻟِ ْﻠ َﺠﲈ َﻋ ِﺔ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎر ُك ﻟِ ِﺪﻳﻨ ِ ِﻪ)‪ (٤‬ا ُﳌ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺲ)‪َ ،(٣‬واﻟﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َو ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬

‫ﻺﺣ ﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﺐ اﻟﺰﱠ ِاﲏ(‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪ :‬ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﺼ ُﻦ إِ َذا زَ ﻧَﻰ‪َ ،‬وﻟ ْ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫] َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬اﻟ ﱠﺜ ﱢﻴ ُ‬
‫ُﺐ ا ْﻟ ِﻔ ْﻘ ِﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫ﴍ ْو ٌط َﻣ ْﻌ ُﺮ ْو َﻓ ٌﺔ ِ ْﰲ ُﻛﺘ ِ‬
‫ُُ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َ ََ ُِَ‬‬

‫َﺎن ُﻳ ْﺆ ِﻣ ُﻦ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن رﺳ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ََْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ا َأو ﻟِﻴﺼﻤﺖ)‪ ،(٦‬وﻣﻦ ﻛَﺎن ﻳﺆ ِﻣﻦ ﺑِﺎﷲِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ََ ْ َ ُْ ُ‬ ‫ﺎﷲ َوا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم ْاﻵﺧ ِﺮ َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ُﻘ ْﻞ َﺧ ْ ًﲑ ْ َ ْ ُ ْ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﳚﻮز ﻗﺘﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺜﻴﺐ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﰲ ﻧﻜﺎح ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﲈ ﻋﻤﺪً ا‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻓﺮض اﻟﻘﺼﺎص ﻋﲆ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺘﻞ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬اﳌﺮﺗﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٦٨٧٨) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٦٧٦) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬اﻟﺼﻤﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻹﻣﺴﺎك ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮل اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ دون اﳊﻖ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪َ‬‬
‫‪َ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬دِسُ َ‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ﺎﷲ َوا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم ْاﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ‬

‫وا ْﻟﻴﻮ ِم ْاﻵ ِﺧ ِﺮ َﻓ ْﻠﻴﻜ ِْﺮم)‪ (١‬ﺟﺎره)‪ ،(٢‬وﻣﻦ ﻛَﺎن ﻳﺆ ِﻣﻦ ﺑِ ِ‬
‫ُ ْ َ َُ ََ ْ َ ُْ ُ‬ ‫َ َْ‬
‫ِ )‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴﻜ ِْﺮ ْم َﺿ ْﻴ َﻔ ُﻪ «‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬

‫ﺖ(‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ اﳌِ ْﻴ ِﻢ[‪.‬‬ ‫] َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬ﻟِ َﻴ ْﺼ ُﻤ ْ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬دِسُ ‪َََ‬‬

‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ،‬أ ْن َر ُﺟ ًﻼ َﻗ َﺎل ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ‪َ :‬أ ْو ِﺻﻨِﻲ‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺐ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫(‬‫‪٥‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ «‪َ .‬ﻓ َﺮ ﱠد َد ﻣ َﺮ ًارا‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﺗﻐ َْﻀ ْ‬ ‫» َﻻ َﺗﻐ َْﻀ ْ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻜﺮم‪ :‬ﻫﻮ إﻳﺜﺎر اﻟﻐﲑ ﺑﺎﳋﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﳉﺎر ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻳﻘﺮب ﻣﺴﻜﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﻚ‪ .‬وﻳﻄﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﴍﻋً ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﻟﻔﱰة ﻳﺴﲑة‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﻀﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻨﺎزل ﻋﻨﺪ ﻏﲑه‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٦٠١٨) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٤٧) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬اﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻴﺾ اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﻓﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺨﻠﻮﻗﲔ‪ :‬ﳾء ﻳﺪاﺧﻞ ﻗﻠﻮﲠﻢ‪ ،‬وﻣﻨﻪ ﳏﻤﻮد‬
‫وﻣﺬﻣﻮم‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬اﻟﻐﻀﺐ ﰲ اﳌﺨﻠﻮق ﻫﻮ اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎل ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﻞ إﱃ اﻻﻋﺘﺪاء‪ .‬وأﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻏﻀﺐ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﷲ ‪ ‬ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺠﻼﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٦١١٦) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َََ ُِ‬‬

‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ رﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻳﻌ َﲆ َﺷﺪﱠ ِ‬
‫س‪ُ َ ْ ، ‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اد ْﺑ ِﻦ َأ ْو ٍ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﳾ ٍء‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َﻗ َﺘ ْﻠﺘ ُْﻢ َﻓ َﺄ ْﺣ ِﺴﻨُﻮا ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺘ َﻠ َﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎن َﻋ َﲆ ﻛ ﱢُﻞ َ ْ‬ ‫َﺐ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺣ َﺴ َ‬ ‫إن اﷲَ َﻛﺘ َ‬ ‫» ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺬﺑﺤ َﺔ)‪ ،(٣‬و ْﻟﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َوإِ َذا َذ َﺑ ْﺤﺘ ُْﻢ َﻓ َﺄ ْﺣﺴﻨُﻮا ﱢ ْ َ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺤﺪﱠ َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻛ ُْﻢ َﺷ ْﻔ َﺮ َﺗ ُﻪ ‪َ ،‬و ْﻟ ُ ِﲑ ْح‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺤ َﺘ ُﻪ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫َذﺑِ َ‬
‫َﴪ َأ ﱠو ِﳍ َﲈ‪.‬‬ ‫])ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺘ َﻠ َﺔ‪َ ،‬و ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺬ ْﺑ َﺤ َﺔ(‪ :‬ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ‬

‫ال‪ُ ،‬ﻳ َﻘ ُﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اﳊ ِ‬

‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬وﺗ َْﺸ ِﺪ ْﻳ ِﺪ اﻟﺪﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬وﻛ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺤﺪﱠ ( ﻫﻮ ﺑِﻀﻢ ا ْﻟﻴ ِ‬ ‫)و ْﻟﻴ ِ‬
‫َﴪ ْ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫اﺳﺘ ََﺤﺪﱠ َﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ[‪.‬‬‫ﱢﲔ َو َﺣﺪﱠ َﻫﺎ َو ْ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜ ْ َ‬‫َأ َﺣﺪﱠ ﱢ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﺬر‪ ،‬ﻧﺰل ﺑﻴﺖ اﳌﻘﺪس‪ ،‬وﺗﻮﰲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺎم ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﲈن وﲬﺴﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﺬﺑﺢ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻗﻄﻊ اﳊﻠﻘﻮم ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﺼﻴﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺬﺑﺢ ﻣﻦ اﳊﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﻲ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺬﺑﺢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬اﻟﺸﻔﺮة‪ :‬اﻟﺴﻜﲔ‪ ،‬وﲨﻌﻬﺎ ﺷﻔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٩٥٥) :‬‬
 ‫‪ََ‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪َ ُِ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َََ ُِ‬‬

‫ب ﺑ ِﻦ ﺟﻨَﺎد َة)‪ ،(١‬و َأ ِﰊ ﻋﺒ ِﺪاﻟﺮﲪ ِﻦ ﻣﻌ ِ‬
‫ﺎذ ْﺑ ِﻦ‬ ‫َْ ﱠ َْ ُ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻋَ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َذ ﱟر ُﺟﻨْﺪُ ِ ْ ُ َ‬
‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ رﺳ ِ‬
‫َﺟ َﺒ ٍﻞ ‪ُ َ ْ ،‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬اﺗ ِﱠﻖ اﷲَ َﺣ ْﻴ ُﺜ َﲈ ُﻛﻨْﺖ ‪،‬‬
‫ِ )‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﱠﺎس ﺑِ ُﺨ ُﻠ ٍﻖ َﺣ َﺴ ٍﻦ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ﱢﻴﺌ ََﺔ)‪َ (٤‬‬
‫اﳊ َﺴﻨ ََﺔ ﲤَ ْ ُﺤ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺧﺎﻟ ِﻖ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫َو َأ ْﺗﺒِ ِﻊ ﱠ‬
‫ﺾ اﻟﻨ َﱡﺴ ِﺦ‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪َ ،‬و ِﰲ َﺑ ْﻌ ِ‬ ‫َر َوا ُه ﱢ ْ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ال‪ ،‬و َﻓﺘ ِ‬
‫ْﺤ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و) ُﺟﻨَﺎدة(‪:‬‬ ‫اﳉ ْﻴ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬وﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ اﻟﺪﱠ ِ َ‬
‫]) ُﺟﻨْﺪُ ٌب(‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻀﻢ اﳉﻴﻢ[‪.‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺳﻜﻦ اﻟﻐﻔﺎري‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﺠﺒﺎء أﺻﺤﺎب رﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ اﻷوﻟﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل أﺑﻮ داود اﻟﺴﺠﺴﺘﺎﲏ ‪ :‬ﻛﺎن زاﻫﺪً ا أ ﱠﻣ ًﺎرا ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺮوف ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺬه ﰲ اﷲ ﻟﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻻﺋﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬اﲣﺬ وﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬاب اﷲ‪ ،‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ أواﻣﺮه‪ ،‬واﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﻮاﻫﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟﴪ واﻟﻌﻠﻦ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬اﻟﺼﻐﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺬﻧﻮب‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﻲ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻨﺎس ﺑﺨﻠﻖ ﺣﺴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫واﳋﻠﻖ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ ﰲ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﺪر ﻋﻨﻬﺎ اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﻦ َﺧ ْﲑ أو ﴍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١٩٨٧) :‬وﺣﺴﻨﻪ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﳌﺸﻜﺎة‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٥٠٨٣) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َََ ُِ‬‬

‫ﺎس ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺎس ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻛﻨْﺖ َﺧ ْﻠ َ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻒ‬ ‫اﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ اﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ت‪ :‬اﺣ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﻏُﻼم‪ ،‬إﲏ ُأﻋ ﱢﻠﻤﻚ ﻛَﻠِﲈ ٍ‬
‫ﻆ اﷲَ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ َ ُ ﱢ َ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺳ َﺄ ِل اﷲَ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا‬ ‫َﳛ َﻔ ْﻈﻚ‪ ،‬اﺣ َﻔ ِ‬
‫َﺎﻫﻚ ‪ ،‬إ َذا َﺳ َﺄ ْﻟﺖ َﻓ ْ‬ ‫ﻆ اﷲَ َ ِ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﲡﺪْ ُه ُﲡ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ)‪(٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْن‬ ‫اﺟﺘ ََﻤ َﻌ ْ‬‫اﻋ َﻠ ْﻢ َأ ﱠن ْاﻷُ ﱠﻣ َﺔ َﻟ ِﻮ ْ‬
‫ﺎﺳﺘَﻌ ْﻦ ﺑِﺎﷲ ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫ْﺖ َﻓ ْ‬ ‫ْاﺳ َﺘ َﻌﻨ َ‬
‫ﻳﻨْ َﻔﻌﻮ َك ﺑِ َﴚ ٍء َﱂ ﻳﻨْ َﻔﻌﻮ َك ﱠإﻻ ﺑِ َ ٍ‬
‫ﴚء َﻗﺪْ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ اﷲُ َﻟﻚ‪َ ،‬وإِ ِن ْ‬
‫(‬‫‪٥‬‬ ‫)‬
‫اﺟﺘ ََﻤ ُﻌﻮا‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ َْ ُْ‬ ‫َ ُْ‬
‫ﴚ ٍء َﻗﺪْ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ ُﻪ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋ َﲆ َأ ْن ﻳ ُﴬو َك ﺑِ َ ٍ‬
‫(‬‫‪٦‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﴬ ْو َك ﱠإﻻ ﺑِ َ ْ‬ ‫ﴚء‪َ ،‬ﱂ ْ َﻳ ُ ﱡ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ ﱡ ْ‬ ‫َ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﻣﻨﺎف اﻟﻘﺮﳾ اﳍﺎﺷﻤﻲ‪ ،‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﱪ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﲨﺎن اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﻬﺎء اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ر ﱠﺑﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻏﺰا إﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﲈن وﺳﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل ﻋﻄﺎء ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ رأﻳﺖ أﻛﺮم ﻣﻦ ﳎﻠﺲ اﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس‪ ،‬أﻛﺜﺮ ً‬
‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وأﻋﻈﻢ ﺧﺸﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وإن أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻔﻘﻪ واﻟﻘﺮآن واﻟﺸﻌﺮ ﻋﻨﺪه ﻛﻞ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻧﺼﻴﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬اﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺪوده وﴍﻳﻌﺘﻪ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ أواﻣﺮه واﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﻮاﻫﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻳﺪﻟﻚ ﻋﲆ ﻛﻞ ﺧﲑ‪ ،‬وﻳﺬود ﻋﻨﻚ ﻛﻞ ﴍ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬وإذا ﻃﻠﺒﺖ اﻟﻌﻮن ﻣﻦ أﺣﺪ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻪ إﻻ ﻣﻦ اﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬اﻟﻨﻔﻊ‪ :‬ﺿﺪ اﻟﴬ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ُﻳﺴﺘﻌﺎن ﺑﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﱃ اﳋﲑات‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬اﻟﴬ‪ :‬ﺿﺪ اﻟﻨﻔﻊ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺳﻮء اﳊﺎل‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ََ‬‬
‫‪َ ُ‬‬
‫ا‪ ُْ ِَ‬ا‪ِ ‬‬

‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬

‫ﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﻒ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ﱢ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ُرﻓ َﻌﺖ ْاﻷَ ْﻗ َﻼ ُم َو َﺟ ﱠﻔﺖ ا ﱡ‬
‫ﻟﺼ ُﺤ ُ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ﻆ اﷲَ َ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬي‪» (٢):‬اﺣ َﻔ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ف َإﱃ‬ ‫ﲡﺪْ ُه أﻣﺎﻣﻚ‪َ ،‬ﺗ َﻌ ﱠﺮ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َو ِﰲ ِر َوا َﻳﺔ ﻏَ ْ ِﲑ ﱢ ْ ﱢ‬
‫اﻋ َﻠ ْﻢ َأ ﱠن َﻣﺎ َأ ْﺧ َﻄ َﺄك َﱂ ْ َﻳﻜ ُْﻦ‬ ‫ﺎء ﻳﻌ ِﺮ ْﻓ َﻚ ِﰲ ﱢ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺪﱠ ة‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ َﺧ َ ْ‬ ‫اﷲ ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫ﱠﴫ َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫َﻚ‪َ ،‬و ْ َ‬
‫اﻋ َﻠ ْﻢ أ ﱠن اﻟﻨ ْ َ‬ ‫ﻟِ ُﻴ ِﺼﻴ َﺒﻚ‪َ ،‬و َﻣﺎ َأ َﺻﺎ َﺑﻚ َﱂ ْ َﻳﻜ ُْﻦ ﻟِ ُﻴ ْﺨﻄِﺌ َ‬
‫ﴪ ا« ‪.‬‬
‫ﴪ ُﻳ ْ ً‬ ‫اﻟﺼ ْ ِﱪ‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠن ا ْﻟ َﻔ َﺮ َج َﻣ َﻊ ا ْﻟﻜ َْﺮ ِ‬
‫ب‪َ ،‬و َأ ﱠن َﻣ َﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﱠﺎء‪ ،‬و َﻓﺘ ِْﺢ ْاﳍ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬أ َﻣﺎ َﻣ َﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛ ََﲈ ِﰲ‬ ‫]) ُﲡَﺎﻫ َﻚ(‪ :‬ﺑِﻀﻢ اﻟﺘ ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ﱢ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َوا َﻳ ِﺔ ْاﻷُ ْﺧ َﺮى‪.‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫ﺐ إِ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ ﺑِ ُﻠﺰُ ْو ِم َﻃﺎﻋَ ﺘِ ِﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ف إِ َﱃ اﷲ ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺧﺎء(‪َ :‬أ ْي‪َ َ :‬ﲢ ﱠﺒ ْ‬ ‫) َﺗ َﻌ ﱠﺮ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺎب ﻧَﻮ ِ‬ ‫و ِ‬
‫اﻫ ْﻴﻪ َو ُﳐ َﺎ َﻟ َﻔﺘﻪ[‪.‬‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻨ ِ َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪،(٢٥١٦) :‬‬
‫وﻫﻮ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪ ‬ﻟﻺﻣﺎم اﻟﻮادﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٦٨٥) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬رواه اﻟﻄﱪاﲏ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،(١٢٣/١١) ‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﳉﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٩٦١) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ُْِ‬وْنَ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ي‪‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻣﺴﻌ ٍ‬
‫ي ا ْﻟ َﺒﺪْ ِر ﱢ‬ ‫ﻮد ُﻋ ْﻘ َﺒ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو ْاﻷَﻧ َْﺼ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱢ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ﱠﺎس ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ ََﻼ ِم اﻟﻨﱡ ُﺒ ﱠﻮ ِة‬ ‫اﷲ ﷺ‪ » :‬ﱠ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬
‫(‬‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)‬
‫إن ﳑ ﱠﺎ َأ ْد َر َك اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ْﺖ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬‫ﺎﺻﻨ َْﻊ َﻣﺎ ِﺷﺌ َ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ْاﻷُ ْو َﱃ‪ :‬إ َذا َﱂ ْ ﺗ َْﺴﺘ َِﺢ َﻓ ْ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي ‪.‬‬

‫َﺎن ِﳑﱠﺎ َﻻ ُﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﺤ َﻴﻰ ِﻣ َﻦ اﷲ‬ ‫ﳾ ٍء‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫] َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪ :‬إ َذا َأ َر ْد َت ﻓ ْﻌ َﻞ َ ْ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم[‪.‬‬‫ﱠﺎس ِ ْﰲ ﻓِ ْﻌﻠِ ِﻪ َﻓﺎ ْﻓ َﻌ ْﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻻ َﻓ َﻼ‪َ ،‬وﻋَ َﲆ َﻫ َﺬا َﻣﺪَ ُار ْ ِ‬
‫َو ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َ‬دِيْ وَا ‪ُ ْِ‬وْنَ‬

‫ﺎن ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪاﷲِ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو ‪َ -‬و ِﻗ َﻴﻞ‪َ :‬أ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﻤ َﺮ َة‪ُ -‬ﺳ ْﻔ َﻴ َ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم َﻗ ْﻮ ًﻻ َﻻ َأ ْﺳ َﺄ ُل ﻋَ ﻨْ ُﻪ‬‫ﻮل اﷲ! ُﻗ ْﻞ ِﱄ ِﰲ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠﺖ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻛﺎن أﺣﺪث ﻣﻦ ﺷﻬﺪ اﻟﻌﻘﺒﺔ ﺳﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰل اﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫أرﺑﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪َ :‬ﺑﻠَﻎَ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬اﳊﻴﺎء ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺪر ﻗﻮﳍﻢ‪) :‬ﺣﻴﻲ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة‪) :‬ح‪ ،‬ي‪ ،‬ي( اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪل‬
‫ﻋﲆ اﻻﺳﺘﺤﻴﺎء اﻟﺬي ﻫﻮ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫واﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‪ :‬ﺗﻐﲑ واﻧﻜﺴﺎر ﻳﻌﱰي اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮف ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎب ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﺮاﻏﺐ ‪ :‬اﳊﻴﺎء اﻧﻘﺒﺎض ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﺒﺎﺋﺢ وﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٣٤٨٤) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ رﺑﻴﻌﺔ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث اﻟﺜﻘﻔﻲ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻔﻲ‪ ،‬وﱄ اﻟﻄﺎﺋﻒ ﰲ زﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬ﰲ اﻟﴩﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ُ‬ونَ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬مِ‪ ْ‬وَا ‪ْ ِ ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ﺎﷲ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ْاﺳﺘ َِﻘ ْﻢ «‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫َ ك‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ » :‬ﻗ ْﻞ آﻣﻨْﺖ)‪ (١‬ﺑِ ِ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫َأ َﺣﺪً ا ﻏ ْ َﲑ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬مِ‪ ْ‬وَا ‪ُ ْِ‬وْنَ‬

‫ي ‪َ ، ‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺟ ًﻼ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫اﷲ ﺟﺎﺑِ ِﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫اﷲ ْاﻷَﻧ َْﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱢ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻋ ْﺒﺪ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ :‬أ َر َأ ْﻳ َﺖ إِ َذا َﺻ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ُﺖ ا َﳌ ْﻜﺘُﻮ َﺑﺎت‪َ ،‬و ُﺻ ْﻤ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺳ َﺄ َل َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫اﳊ َﺮ َام ‪َ ،‬و َﱂ ْ َأ ِز ْد ﻋَ َﲆ َذﻟِ َﻚ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫اﳊ َﻼ َل ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ﱠﺮ ْﻣ ُﺖ ْ َ‬ ‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬و َأ ْﺣ َﻠ ْﻠ ُﺖ ْ َ‬‫َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬
‫اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻧ َﻌ ْﻢ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ؛ َأ َأ ْد ُﺧ ُﻞ ْ َ‬
‫اﺟ َﺘﻨَ ْﺒ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺖ َ‬
‫اﳊ َﺮ َام(‪ْ :‬‬ ‫]و َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ) َﺣ ﱠﺮ ْﻣ ُ‬
‫َ‬
‫اﳊ َﻼ َل(‪َ :‬ﻓ َﻌ ْﻠ ُﺘ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﻌﺘ َِﻘﺪً ا ِﺣ ﱠﻠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬واﷲُ َأﻋْ َﻠ ُﻢ[‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ َ‬‫َو َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ) َو َأ ْﺣ َﻠ ْﻠ ُ‬

‫ﺑﺪرا‪ ،‬روى أﻟ ًﻔﺎ وﲬﺴﲈﺋﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ ﺑﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺮﺿﻮان‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ اﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻛﻠﻬﺎ إﻻ ً‬
‫ﻣﺮة‪ ،‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ‬
‫ﲬﺴﺎ وﻋﴩﻳﻦ ﱠ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻊ َﻗ ْﻮﻟ ِ َﻚ ﺑﻠﺴﺎﻧﻚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪً ا ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬ﰲ ﺟﻮارﺣﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٣٨) :‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﻳ ًﺜﺎ‪ ،‬واﺳﺘﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻪ اﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ‪ً ،‬‬
‫ﺑﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺮﺿﻮان‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬اﻋﺘﻘﺪت ﺣﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬اﻋﺘﻘﺪت ﺣﺮﻣﺘﻪ واﺟﺘﻨﺒﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٥) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪ْ ُْِ‬ونَ‬

‫ي ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ِ ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ َ‬
‫ﺎرث ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋﺎﺻ ٍﻢ ْاﻷَ ْﺷ َﻌ ِﺮ ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻸ اﳌِﻴﺰَ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﷲِ ﲤَ ْ َ ُ‬ ‫(‬‫‪٣‬‬ ‫)‬
‫اﻹ َﻳﲈ ِن‪َ ،‬و َ‬ ‫(‬‫‪٢‬‬
‫ﻮر َﺷ ْﻄ ُﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫)‬ ‫رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫ان‪،‬‬ ‫اﳊ ْﻤﺪُ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪» :‬اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﻬ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﻸ‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ اﻟﺴﻤﻮاتِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊ ْﻤﺪُ ﷲ ﲤَ ْ َﻶ ِن ‪َ -‬أ ْو ﲤَ ْ َ ُ َ َ ْ َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎن اﷲ َو َ‬ ‫َو ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َ‬
‫ﺎن)‪ ،(٤‬واﻟﺼ )‪ِ (٥‬‬ ‫َو ْاﻷَ ْر ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪،‬‬
‫ﱪ ﺿ َﻴ ٌ‬ ‫َ ﱠ ُْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪَ َﻗ ُﺔ ُﺑ ْﺮ َﻫ ٌ‬
‫ُﻮر‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻼ ُة ﻧ ٌ‬‫ض‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫ﱠﺎس َﻳ ْﻐﺪُ و َﻓ َﺒﺎﺋِ ٌﻊ َﻧ ْﻔ َﺴ ُﻪ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫آن ُﺣ ﱠﺠ ٌﺔ َﻟﻚ َأ ْو َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ‬ ‫َوا ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ ُ‬
‫َﻓ ُﻤ ْﻌﺘِ ُﻘ َﻬﺎ َأ ْو ُﻣﻮﺑِ ُﻘ َﻬﺎ «‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ِ )‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺪم ﻣﻊ أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺘﲔ أﻳﺎم ﺧﻴﱪ‪ ،‬وﻧﺰل اﻟﺸﺎم‪ ،‬وﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ إﻻ ﺑﻜﻨﻴﺘﻪ؛ ﻟﻮﺟﻮد اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﰲ اﺳﻤﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﻄﻬﻮر‪ :‬وﻫﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻢ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﻮﺿﻮء‪ .‬وﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ :‬اﳌﺎء اﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻮﺿﻮء‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬اﳊﻤﺪ‪ :‬ذﻛﺮ ﳏﺎﺳﻦ اﳌﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﻊ ﺣﺒﻪ وﺗﻌﻈﻴﻤﻪ وإﺟﻼﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺑﻴﺎن اﳊﺠﺔ‪ ،‬وإﻳﻀﺎﺣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬اﻟﺼﱪ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﻴﺾ اﳉﺰع‪.‬‬
‫وﴍﻋ ًﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺣﺒﺲ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﻋﲈ ﳚﺐ اﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ .‬و َﻳﻨ َﻘ ِﺴﻢ إﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻗﺴﺎم‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺻﱪ ﻋﲆ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ اﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬وﺻﱪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﺼﻴﺔ اﷲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬وﺻﱪ ﻋﲆ أﻗﺪار اﷲ اﳌﺆﳌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬ﻳﻤﴤ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻌﺐ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬إﻣﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻄﺎﻋﺔ وإﻣﺎ ﰲ اﳌﻌﺼﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺬاب اﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻨﺎر ﻳﻮم اﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٢٣) :‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ُ‬ونَ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪ ُِ ‬وَا ‪ْ ِ ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫اﻟﻮ ُﺿ ْﻮ ُء‪.‬‬‫اﻹ َﻳﲈ ِن(‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ َﺮا ُد ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﻬ ْﻮ ِر‪ُ :‬‬ ‫ﻮر َﺷ ْﻄ ُﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫] َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ ﷺ‪) :‬اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﻬ ُ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻳ َﲈ ِن‪َ .‬و ِﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪:‬‬‫ﻒ َأ ْﺟ ِﺮ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﻒ َﺛﻮ ِاﺑ ِﻪ إِ َﱃ ﻧِﺼ ِ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬ﻳﻨْﺘ َِﻬﻲ ﺗ َْﻀﻌ ْﻴ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫اﻟﻮ ُﺿ ْﻮ َء‬‫ﻜَﻦ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻮ ُﺿ ْﻮ ُء‪َ ،‬وﻟ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺐ َﻣﺎ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻠ ُﻪ ﻣ َﻦ اﳋَ َﻄﺎ َﻳﺎ َوﻛ ََﺬﻟ َﻚ ُ‬ ‫ﳚ ﱡ‬‫اﻹ ْﻳ َﲈ ُن َ ُ‬
‫اﻹ ْﻳ َﲈ ِن َﻓ َﺼ َﺎر ﻧِ ْﺼ ًﻔﺎ‪َ .‬و ِﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪ :‬ا ُﳌ َﺮا ُد ﺑِ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻹ ْﻳ َﲈ ِن‬ ‫ﻒ ِﺻ ﱠﺤ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﻋَ َﲆ ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺗﺘ ََﻮ ﱠﻗ ُ‬
‫َﺎﻟﺸ ْﻄ ِﺮ‪َ .‬و ِﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ َﻏ ْ ُﲑ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﴍ ٌط ﻟ ِ ِﺼ ﱠﺤﺘِ َﻬﺎ َﻓ َﺼ َﺎر ﻛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻼةُ‪َ ،‬واﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﻬ ْﻮ ُر َ ْ‬ ‫ﱠ‬

‫ﻸ ا ْﳌِﻴﺰَ َ‬
‫ان(‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﺛ َﻮ ُ َ‬
‫اﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ ﷺ‪َ ) :‬وا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤﺪُ ﷲِ ﲤَ ْ َ ُ‬

‫ﺎن اﷲ َوا ْﻟ َﺤ ْﻤﺪُ ﷲِ ﲤَ ْ َﻶ ِن(‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُﻗﺪﱢ َر‬ ‫َو َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ ﷺ‪َ ) :‬و ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤ َ‬
‫ﺾ إِ َﱃ‬‫ﻸ‪َ ،‬و َﺳ َﺒ ُﺒ ُﻪ َﻣﺎ ْاﺷﺘ ََﻤ َﻠﺘَﺎ ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟ ﱠﺘﻨ ِْﺰ ْﻳ ِﻪ َواﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻔ ِﻮ ْﻳ ِ‬
‫اﲠ َﲈ ِﺟ ْﺴ ًﲈ َﳌ َ َ‬
‫َﺛ َﻮ ُ ُ‬
‫اﷲ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋَﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻔﺤ َﺸ ِ‬‫ﺎﴆ‪َ ،‬و َﺗﻨ َْﻬﻰ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُﻮر(‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﲤ ْﻨ َُﻊ ﻣ َﻦ ا َﳌ َﻌ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻼ ُة ﻧ ٌ‬ ‫) َو ﱠ‬
‫اب‪ .‬و ِﻗﻴ َﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﻜُﻮ ُن َﺛﻮاﲠﺎ ﻧُﻮرا ﻟِﺼ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ َﻳ ْﻮ َم‬ ‫َ َُ ْ ً َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻮ ِ َ ْ َ ْ‬ ‫َو َ ْﲥﺪ ْي إِ َﱃ ﱠ‬
‫ﺐ‪.‬‬‫ﺐ ِﻻ ْﺳﺘِﻨ ََﺎر ِة ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ ِ‬‫ﻷ ﱠﳖَﺎ َﺳ َﺒ ٌ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ِﻘ َﻴﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ‪َ .‬و ِﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪َ ِ :‬‬

‫ﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ ِﰲ َأ َد ِاء َﺣ ﱢﻖ ا َﳌ ِ‬ ‫ﺎن(‪َ ،‬أي‪ :‬ﺣﺠ ًﺔ ﻟِﺼ ِ‬

‫ْ ُ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪَ َﻗ ُﺔ ُﺑ ْﺮ َﻫ ٌ‬
‫) َو ﱠ‬
‫ﻷ ﱠن ا ُﳌﻨَﺎﻓِ َﻖ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻔ َﻌ ُﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻏﺎﻟ ِ ًﺒﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ؛ ِ َ‬‫و ِﻗﻴ َﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺠ ٌﺔ ِﰲ إِﻳﲈ ِن ﺻ ِ‬
‫َْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ ﱠ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ﱪ ﻋَ َﲆ َﻃﺎﻋَ ِﺔ‬ ‫ﱪ ا َﳌ ْﺤ ُﺒ ْﻮ َب‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ ﱠ‬

‫اﻟﺼ ْ ُ‬ ‫ﺎء(‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪ :‬ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْ َ‬
‫)واﻟﺼ ِ‬
‫ﱪ ﺿ َﻴ ٌ‬ ‫َ ﱠ ُْ‬
‫ﺎﴆ‪َ .‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬ﻻ َﻳﺰَ ُال‬‫ِ‬ ‫اﷲ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﺒ َﻼ ِء َو َﻣﻜ ِ‬
‫َﺎر ِه اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ‪َ ،‬و ِ‬
‫ﻋَﻦ ا َﳌ َﻌ ْ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اب‪.‬‬ ‫َﺻﺎﺣ ُﺒ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَﻀ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ُﻣ ْﺴﺘَﻤﺮا ﻋَ َﲆ ﱠ‬
‫ﱠﺎس ﻳ ْﻐﺪُ و َﻓﺒﺎﺋِﻊ َﻧ ْﻔﺴﻪ(‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻨَﺎه‪ :‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ إِﻧْﺴ ٍ‬
‫ﺎن َﻳ ْﺴ َﻌﻰ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ٌ َ ُ َْ ُ‬ ‫)ﻛ ﱡُﻞ اﻟﻨ ِ َ‬
‫ﻟِﻨَ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻤﻨ ُْﻬ ْﻢ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻳﺒِ ْﻴ ُﻌ َﻬﺎ ﷲِ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ ﺑِ َﻄﺎﻋَ ﺘِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﻴ ْﻌﺘِ ُﻘ َﻬﺎ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺬ ِ‬
‫اب‪.‬‬
‫ﺎن واﳍﻮى ﺑِﺎ ﱢﺗﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ِﻬ َﲈ َﻓ ُﻴ ْﻮﺑِ ُﻘ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪ْ ُ :‬ﳞﻠِﻜ َُﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َو ِﻣﻨ ُْﻬ ْﻢ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻳﺒِ ْﻴ ُﻌ َﻬﺎ ﻟ ِ ﱠ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻠﺸ ْﻴ َﻄ َ َ َ‬
‫ﴍ ِح َﺻ ِﺤ ْﻴ ِﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪، ‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َو َﻗﺪْ َﺑ َﺴ ْﻄ ُﺖ َﴍ َح َﻫ َﺬا ا َ ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﳊﺪ ْﻳﺚ ﰲ َأ ﱠول ‪ْ َ ‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ َأ َرا َد ِز َﻳﺎ َد ًة َﻓ ْﻠ ُ َﲑاﺟ ْﻌ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬وﺑِﺎﷲ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﻮﻓ ْﻴ ُﻖ[‪.‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا ‪ُ ْِ‬وْنَ‬

‫ﻋَﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ ﻓِ َﻴﲈ َﻳ ْﺮ ِو ِﻳﻪ ﻋَ ﻦ َر ﱢﺑ ِﻪ‬
‫ي ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ َذ ﱟر ا ْﻟ ِﻐ َﻔ ِ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺎر ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺗ َﺒ َﺎر َك َو َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ ﻋ َﺒﺎدي! ﱢإﲏ َﺣ ﱠﺮ ْﻣﺖ اﻟ ﱡﻈ ْﻠ َﻢ َﻋ َﲆ َﻧ ْﻔﴘ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺎدي ُﻛ ﱡﻠﻜ ُْﻢ َﺿ ﱞﺎل ﱠإﻻ َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫وﺟﻌ ْﻠ ُﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻨَﻜُﻢ ُﳏَﺮﻣﺎ َﻓ َﻼ َﺗ َﻈﺎ َُﳌﻮا‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬
‫َ َ‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ َْ ْ ﱠ ً‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(١٠٠/٣) ‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬وﻳﺴﻤﻰ‪ :‬ﺑـ)ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ُﻗﺪُ ِﳼ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻌﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬اﻟﻈﻠﻢ‪ :‬وﺿﻊ اﻟﴚء ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺋﻪ ﻋﻦ اﻹﺳﻼم واﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻀﻼل‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺪول ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ُ‬ونَ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ا ِ‪ ُ‬وَا ‪ْ ِ ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ﺎدي! ُﻛ ﱡﻠﻜ ُْﻢ َﺟﺎﺋِ ٌﻊ ﱠإﻻ َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫وﲏ)‪َ (٢‬أﻫ ِﺪﻛُﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺳﺘ َْﻬﺪُ ِ‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َﻫﺪَ ْﻳ ُﺘ ُﻪ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺎدي! ُﻛ ﱡﻠﻜ ُْﻢ َﻋ ٍ‬ ‫ﻮﲏ)‪ُ (٣‬أ ْﻃ ِﻌﻤﻜُﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ َﺘ ْﻄ ِﻌ ُﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱠإﻻ َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ْ ْ َ َ‬ ‫َأ ْﻃ َﻌ ْﻤ ُﺘ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْ‬
‫ﺎدي! إ ﱠﻧﻜ ُْﻢ ُﲣْﻄِﺌ َ‬ ‫ﻮﲏ)‪َ (٦‬أﻛْﺴﻜُﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ َﺘﻜ ُْﺴ ِ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ُﻮن‬ ‫ُ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﻛ ََﺴ ْﻮﺗﻪ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ْ‬
‫وﲏ َأﻏْ ِﻔ ْﺮ‬ ‫ﺎﺳ َﺘﻐ ِْﻔ ُﺮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎر‪َ ،‬و َأﻧَﺎ َأﻏْ ِﻔ ُﺮ ﱡ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٨‬‬
‫ُﻮب َﲨﻴ ًﻌﺎ َﻓ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻧ َ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ َواﻟﻨ َﱠﻬ ِ‬
‫وﲏ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ْﻦ َﺗ ْﺒ ُﻠﻐُﻮا َﻧ ْﻔ ِﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺎدي! إ ﱠﻧﻜ ُْﻢ َﻟ ْﻦ َﺗ ْﺒ ُﻠﻐُﻮا َﴐي َﻓﺘ َُﴬ ِ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫َﻟﻜُﻢ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬
‫ْ َ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮﻛ ُْﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِﻧ َْﺴﻜ ُْﻢ َو ِﺟﻨﱠﻜ ُْﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎدي! َﻟﻮ َأ ﱠن َأو َﻟﻜُﻢ و ِ‬ ‫ﻮﲏ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬
‫ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻓ َﺘﻨْ َﻔ ُﻌ ِ َ َ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣﻨْﻜ ُْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ زَ ا َد َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﰲ ُﻣ ْﻠﻜِﻲ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺐ رﺟ ٍﻞ و ِ‬
‫ﻛَﺎﻧُﻮا َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﺗ َﻘﻰ َﻗ ْﻠ ِ َ ُ َ‬
‫آﺧ َﺮﻛ ُْﻢ‪َ ،‬وإِﻧ َْﺴﻜ ُْﻢ َو ِﺟﻨﱠﻜ ُْﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛَﺎﻧُﻮا َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ﺎدي! َﻟﻮ َأ ﱠن َأو َﻟﻜُﻢ و ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬
‫ﱠ ْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬
‫اﺣ ٍﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﻧ َﻘﺺ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﻣﻦ ﻣ ْﻠﻜِﻲ َﺷﻴﺌًﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ رﺟ ٍﻞ و ِ‬
‫ﺎدي!‬ ‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َأ ْﻓ َﺠ ِﺮ َﻗ ْﻠ ِ َ ُ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬وﻓﻘﺘﻪ إﱃ ﺳﺒﻞ اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫واﳍﺪاﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ اﻹرﺷﺎد واﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬اﻃﻠﺒﻮا ﻣﻨﻲ اﳍﺪاﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬اﻃﻠﺒﻮا اﻟﻄﻌﺎم ﻣﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﱰ ﻋﻮراﺗﻜﻢ اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة واﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ رزﻗﺘﻪ اﻟﻜﺴﻮة‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬اﻃﻠﺒﻮا اﻟﻜﺴﺎء ﻣﻨﻲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ُ :‬ﲡﺎﻧِﺒﻮن اﻟﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬وﻫﺬا ﳌﻦ ﺗﺎب وأﻧﺎب‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ؛ ﻓﻮﺟﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻳﻮم اﳉﺰاء‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬أي‪ :‬اﻃﻠﺒﻮا ﻣﻨﻲ اﳌﻐﻔﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫اﺣ ٍﺪ‬
‫ﻴﺪ)‪ (١‬و ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫آﺧﺮﻛُﻢ‪ ،‬وإِﻧْﺴﻜُﻢ و ِﺟﻨﱠﻜُﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺎﻣﻮا ِﰲ ﺻ ِﻌ ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﻟ ْﻮ َأ ﱠن َأ ﱠو َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ َو َ ْ َ َ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎن َﻣ ْﺴ َﺄ َﻟ َﺘ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻣﺎ َﻧ َﻘ َﺺ َذﻟِ َﻚ ِﳑ ﱠﺎ ِﻋﻨ ِْﺪي ﱠإﻻ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻛ ﱠُﻞ إِﻧ َْﺴ ٍ‬ ‫ﻮﲏ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﻋ َﻄ ْﻴ ُ‬‫َﻓ َﺴ َﺄ ُﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺎدي! إﻧ َﱠﲈ ِﻫ َﻲ َأ ْﻋ َﲈ ُﻟﻜ ُْﻢ‬ ‫ﻛَﲈ ﻳﻨْ ُﻘﺺ اﳌ ِ ْﺨﻴ ُﻂ إ َذا ُأد ِﺧ َﻞ ا ْﻟﺒﺤﺮ‪ .‬ﻳﺎ ِﻋﺒ ِ‬
‫َ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﻫﺎ؛ َﻓ َﻤ ْﻦ َو َﺟﺪَ َﺧ ْ ًﲑا َﻓ ْﻠ َﻴ ْﺤ َﻤﺪ اﷲَ‪،‬‬ ‫ُأ ْﺣﺼ َﻴﻬﺎ َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ُأ َو ﱢﻓﻴﻜ ُْﻢ إ ﱠﻳ َ‬
‫ﻮﻣﻦ ﱠإﻻ َﻧ ْﻔ َﺴ ُﻪ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ َو َﺟﺪَ ﻏَ ْ َﲑ َذﻟ َﻚ َﻓ َﻼ َﻳ ُﻠ َ‬
‫] َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪َ ) :‬ﺣ ﱠﺮ ْﻣﺖ اﻟ ﱡﻈ ْﻠ َﻢ َﻋ َﲆ َﻧ ْﻔ ِﴘ(‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪ :‬ﺗ ََﻘﺪﱠ ْﺳ ُﺖ ﻋَ ﻨْ ُﻪ‪،‬‬
‫َﺤ ْﻴ ٌﻞ ِ ْﰲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ اﷲ َﺗ َﻌ ِﺎﱃ؛ ِﻷَ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﳎ ََﺎوزَ ُة ا َ ِ‬ ‫َﻓﺎﻟ ﱡﻈ ْﻠﻢ ﻣﺴﺘ ِ‬
‫ف‬‫ﱠﴫ ُ‬ ‫ﳊﺪﱢ ‪َ ،‬أو اﻟﺘ َ ﱡ‬ ‫ُ ُ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ِ ْﰲ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ ُﻣ ْﻠﻚ‪َ ،‬و ُ َ‬
‫ﳘﺎ َﲨ ْﻴ ًﻌﺎ ُﳏ ٌَﺎل ﰲ َﺣ ﱢﻖ اﷲ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫َﻗﻮ ُﻟﻪ َﺗﻌ َﺎﱃ‪َ ) :‬ﻻ َﺗ َﻈﺎ َُﳌﻮا(‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ اﻟﺘ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎء‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﻻ َﺗ َﺘ َﻈﺎ َﳌـ ُْﻮا‪.‬‬ ‫ُ َ‬ ‫ْ ُ َ‬
‫َﴪ اﳌِﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬وإِﺳ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻜَﺎن‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪) :‬ﻛ ََﲈ َﻳ ْﻨ ُﻘ ُﺺ ا ْﳌ ْﺨ َﻴ ُﻂ(‪ُ ،‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ ْ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﺎء ا ُﳌﻌﺠﻤ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻓﺘ ِْﺢ ا ْﻟﻴ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪ِ ْ :‬‬ ‫اﳋ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺑ َﺮةُ‪َ .‬و َﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬ﻻ ُﻳﻨْﻘ ُ‬
‫ﺺ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ[‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫واﺣﺪة‪.‬‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫أرض‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﰲ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬أﺿﺒﻄﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻢ ﲤﺎ ًﻣﺎ وأﲨﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬أﺟﺎزﻳﻜﻢ ﲠﺎ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ واﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﴍا‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬اﻟﻠﻮم‪ :‬ﻫﻮ أن ﻳﺸﻌﺮ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﻘﻠﺒﻪ ﱠ‬
‫ﺑﺄن ﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻻﺋﻖ‪ .‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻪ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻋﲆ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﴬر ﰲ ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬وﲥﺠﲔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻪ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٥٧٧) :‬‬
 ‫‪ُ‬وْنَ‬
‫ا‪ ُْ ِَ‬ا‪ ُِَ‬وَا ‪ْ ِ ‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِَ‬وَا ‪ُ ْِ‬وْنَ‬

‫ﺎب اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا‬ ‫َﺎﺳﺎ ِﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﺻ َﺤ ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ َذ ﱟر ‪َ ‬أ ْﻳ ًﻀﺎ‪َ :‬أ ﱠن ﻧ ً‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮر ؛ ُﻳ َﺼ ﱡﻠ َ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻮر ﺑِ ْﺎﻷُ ُﺟ ِ‬‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺐ َأ ْﻫ ُﻞ اﻟﺪﱡ ُﺛ ِ‬ ‫ﻟِﻠﻨﱠﺒِﻲ ﷺ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ رﺳ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮن‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ‪َ ،‬ذ َﻫ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ِ )‪(٣‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻮن ﺑِ ُﻔ ُﻀﻮل َأ ْﻣ َﻮاﳍ ْﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻮم‪َ ،‬و َﻳﺘ ََﺼﺪﱠ ُﻗ َ‬ ‫ﻛ ََﲈ ﻧ َُﺼ ﱢﲇ‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ُﺼﻮ ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﻮن ﻛ ََﲈ ﻧ َُﺼ ُ‬
‫ﻴﺤ ٍﺔ‬ ‫إن ﺑِﻜ ﱢُﻞ ﺗ َْﺴﺒِ َ‬ ‫ﻮن؟ ﱠ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َو َﻟ ْﻴ َﺲ َﻗﺪْ َﺟ َﻌ َﻞ اﷲُ َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ َﻣﺎ ﺗ ََﺼﺪﱠ ُﻗ َ‬
‫َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﺗ ْﻜﺒِ َﲑ ٍة َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ﱢُﻞ َﲢ ِْﻤﻴﺪَ ٍة َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ًﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻛ ﱢُﻞ َ ْﲥﻠِﻴ َﻠ ٍﺔ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫وف َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﳖْ ٌﻲ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻣﻨْﻜ ٍَﺮ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬و ِﰲ ُﺑ ْﻀ ِﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﺪَ َﻗ ًﺔ‪ ،‬و َأﻣﺮ ﺑِﺎ َﳌﻌﺮ ِ‬
‫َ ٌْ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ُﻮن‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ‪َ ،‬أ َﻳ ْﺄﰐ َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻧَﺎ َﺷ ْﻬ َﻮ َﺗ ُﻪ َو َﻳﻜ ُ‬ ‫َأ َﺣﺪﻛ ُْﻢ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ«‪َ .‬ﻗﺎ ُﻟﻮا‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﻟ ُﻪ ﻓِ َﻴﻬﺎ َأ ْﺟ ٌﺮ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َر َأ ْﻳﺘ ُْﻢ َﻟ ْﻮ َو َﺿ َﻌ َﻬﺎ ِﰲ َﺣ َﺮا ٍم َأﻛ َ‬
‫زْر؟‬ ‫َﺎن َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ ِو ٌ‬
‫َﺎن َﻟ ُﻪ َأ ْﺟ ٌﺮ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫اﳊ َﻼ ِل ﻛ َ‬ ‫َﻓﻜ ََﺬﻟِ َﻚ إ َذا َو َﺿ َﻌ َﻬﺎ ِﰲ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬أﻫﻞ اﻷﻣﻮال اﻟﻜﺜﲑة‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬اﻟﺜﻮاب‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻐﻨﻮن ﻋﻦ أﻣﻮاﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻔﻀﻮل‪ :‬ﲨﻊ ﻓﻀﻞ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ زاد ﻣﻦ اﳌﺎل ﻋﻦ اﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬إﺗﻴﺎن أﺣﺪﻛﻢ زوﺟﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬اﻟﺸﻬﻮة‪ :‬ﻫﻲ اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪة ﰲ اﻟﴚء‪ .‬ﺗﻄﻠﻖ وﻳﺮاد ﲠﺎ ﺷﺪﱠ ة اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ اﳌﻠﺬات‬
‫اﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ أو اﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺲ ﻃﻠ ًﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺋﻢ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻠﺬة‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٠٠٦) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ﺎء ا ُﳌ َﺜ ﱠﻠ َﺜ ِﺔ‪ْ :‬اﻷَﻣﻮ ُال‪ ،‬و ِ‬ ‫ال‪ ،‬واﻟ ﱠﺜ ِ‬

‫اﺣﺪُ َﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻮر(‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ اﻟﺪﱠ ِ َ‬ ‫])اﻟﺪﱡ ُﺛ ُ‬
‫س‪.‬‬ ‫ﺲ َو ُﻓ ُﻠ ْﻮ ٍ‬ ‫َد ْﺛ ٌﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻛ َﻔ ْﻠ ٍ‬
‫ﺎد ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻤ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﻀ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء‪ ،‬وإِﺳﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎن ﱠ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬و ِﰲ ُﺑ ْﻀ ِﻊ(‪ُ ،‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ ا ْﻟ َﺒ َ ْ‬
‫اﳉ َﲈ ِع إِ َذا ﻧ ََﻮى ﺑِ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ ِﻌ َﺒﺎ َدةَ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻗ َﻀﺎ ُء َﺣ ﱢﻖ اﻟﺰﱠ ْو ِﺟ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋَﻦ ِ‬ ‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻛِﻨَﺎ َﻳ ٌﺔ ِ‬
‫ﻋَﻦ ا َﳌ َﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ِم[‪.‬‬ ‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬و َﻛ ﱡﻔ َﻬﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺎف اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ َو َﻟ ٍﺪ َﺻﺎﻟ ِ ٍﺢ‪َ ،‬وإِﻋْ َﻔ ُ‬ ‫َو َﻃ َﻠ ُ‬
‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬دِسُ وَا ‪ُ ْِ‬وْنَ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ‪» :‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ُﺳ َﻼ َﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ )‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْﻤ ُﺲ َﺗ ْﻌﺪ ُل َﺑ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ ﻛ ﱠُﻞ َﻳ ْﻮ ٍم َﺗ ْﻄ ُﻠ ُﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ َﻞ ِﰲ َدا ﱠﺑﺘِ ِﻪ َﻓﺘ َْﺤ ِﻤ ُﻠ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ َأ ْو ﺗ َْﺮ َﻓ ُﻊ َﻟ ُﻪ‬
‫ﲔ ﱠ‬ ‫َﲔ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺗ ُِﻌ ُ‬ ‫اﻻ ْﺛﻨ ْ ِ‬
‫ٍ )‪(٤‬‬
‫َﺎﻋ ُﻪ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟﻜَﻠِ َﻤ ُﺔ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ﱢﻴ َﺒ ُﺔ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وﺑِﻜ ﱢُﻞ ُﺧ ْﻄ َﻮة‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ َﻣﺘ َ‬
‫ِ )‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻳﻖ َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﻂ ْاﻷَ َذى َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟ ﱠﻄ ِﺮ ِ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼ ِة َﺻﺪَ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وﲤُ ُ‬‫ﲤَ ْﺸ َﻴﻬﺎ َإﱃ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫َر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻣﻔﺼﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﻛﻞ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ‪ ،‬وﻋﺪدﻫﺎ ﰲ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺛﻼﺛﲈﺋﺔ وﺳﺘﻮن‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﺑﲔ اﺛﻨﲔ‪ ،‬أو ﲢﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﳊﻖ‪.‬‬
‫أﻳﻀﺎ‪ -‬وﻳﺮاد ﺑﻪ اﳌﻨﻔﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬واﳌﺘﺎع‪ :‬اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وﻳﻄﻠﻖ ‪ً -‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬وﻫﻲ‪ :‬اﳌﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﲔ اﻟﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﳌﴚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬اﻹﻣﺎﻃﺔ‪ :‬أي‪ :‬اﻹزاﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬اﻷذى ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺪر ﻗﻮﳍﻢ‪ :‬أذى اﻟﴚء أذى‪ .‬وﰲ اﻻﺻﻄﻼح‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺼﻞ إﱃ اﳊﻴﻮان‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﴐر أو ﻣﻜﺮوه ﰲ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﺑﺪﻧﻪ‪ ،‬أو ﻗﻨﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬دﻧﻴﻮﻳﺎ أو أﺧﺮوﻳﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٩٨٩) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٠٠٩) :‬‬
 ‫‪ْ ُ‬ونَ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪ ُِ ‬وَا ‪ْ ِ ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫اﻟﻼ ِم‪َ ،‬و َﻓﺘ ِْﺢ اﳌِ ْﻴ ِﻢ‪،‬‬

‫ﻒ ﱠ‬ ‫ﲔ‪ ،‬و َﲣ ِْﻔﻴ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْ ِ َ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﻼ َﻣﻰ(‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ ﱢ‬ ‫]) ﱡ‬
‫ﺎت‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ اﳌِﻴ ِﻢ‪ ،‬و ِﻫﻲ‪ :‬ا َﳌ َﻔ ِ‬
‫ﺎﺻ ُﻞ َو ْاﻷَﻋْ َﻀﺎ ُء‪َ ،‬و ِﻫ َﻲ‬ ‫ﲨ ُﻌ ُﻪ‪ُ :‬ﺳ َﻼ َﻣ َﻴ ٌ‬ ‫َو َ ْ‬
‫ْ َ َ‬
‫َﺛ َﻼ ُﺛ َﲈﺋِ ٍﺔ َو ِﺳﺘ ْﱡﻮ َن ِﻣ ْﻔ َﺼ ًﻼ‪َ .‬ﺛ َﺒ َﺖ َذﻟ ِ َﻚ ِ ْﰲ ‪َ ‬ﺻ ِﺤ ْﻴ ِﺢ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٍﻢ‪ ‬ﻋَ ْﻦ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬

‫َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ِل اﷲ ﷺ[‪.‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا ‪ُ ْِ‬وْنَ‬

‫ﺎن ‪ ، ‬ﻋَﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬ا ْﻟ ِ ﱡ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﱪ‬ ‫)‪ِ ِ (٢‬‬ ‫اس ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ْﻤ َﻌ َ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ اﻟﻨ ﱠﱠﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎك ِﰲ َﻧ ْﻔ ِﺴ َﻚ‪َ ،‬وﻛ َِﺮ ْﻫﺖ َأ ْن َﻳ ﱠﻄﻠِ َﻊ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫اﻹ ْﺛ ُﻢ َﻣﺎ َﺣ َ‬ ‫اﳋ ُﻠ ِﻖ)‪َ ،(٤‬و ْ ِ‬‫ُﺣ ْﺴ ُﻦ ُ‬
‫ﱠﺎس «‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ اﻟﻨ ُ‬
‫ﺎن(‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻜ ْ ِ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﻮ ِاو‪َ ،‬و) َﺳ ْﻤ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴪ‬ ‫اس(‪:‬ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ اﻟﻨ ْﱡﻮن‪َ ،‬وﺗ َْﺸﺪ ْﻳﺪ َ‬ ‫])اﻟﻨ َﱠﻮ ُ‬
‫ﲔ ا ُﳌﻬﻤ َﻠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬و َﻓﺘ ِ‬
‫ْﺤ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴ ْ ِ ْ َ َ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎك(‪ ،‬ﺑِﺎﳊَﺎء ا ُﳌ ْﻬ َﻤ َﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟﻜَﺎف‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪ :‬ﺗ ََﺮ ﱠد َد[‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﺣ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﴍح اﻟﻨﻮوي ﻋﲆ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪.(٢٣٣/٥) ‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ اﻟﻜﻼﰊ اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻳﻞ اﻟﺸﺎم‪ ،‬روى ﻋﻨﻪ أﺑﻮ إدرﻳﺲ‬
‫اﳋﻮﻻﲏ‪ ،‬وﱂ أﻗﻒ ﻟﻪ ﻋﲆ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫وﻋﻤﻼ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻛﺜﺮة اﳋﲑ ً‬
‫ﻗﻮﻻ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﺑﺬل اﻟﻨﺪى‪ ،‬وﻛﻒ اﻷذى‪ ،‬واﻟﺼﱪ ﻋﲆ اﻷذى‪ ،‬وﻃﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﺟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﺮدد ﰲ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ‪ ،‬وﴏت ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻗﻠﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬وﻫﺬا ﺿﺎﺑﻂ ﺧﺎص ﻓﻴﻤﻦ ﻛﺎن ذا ﻗﻠﺐ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٥٥٣) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫َوﻋَ ْﻦ َواﺑِ َﺼ َﺔ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﺒ ٍﺪ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬أ َﺗ ْﻴﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪:‬‬
‫ِ )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﱪ َو ْ ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫» ِﺟﺌ َ‬
‫ﻓﻘ َﺎل‪ْ » :‬اﺳ َﺘ ْﻔﺖ‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺛ ِﻢ؟«‪ُ ،‬ﻗ ْﻠﺖ‪َ :‬ﻧ َﻌ ْﻢ‪َ .‬‬ ‫ْﺖ ﺗ َْﺴﺄ ُل َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ ِ ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻠﺒ َﻚ‪ ،‬ا ْﻟ ِﱪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ا ْﻃﻤ َﺄﻧ ْ )‪ِ (٣‬‬
‫ﺐ‪َ ،‬و ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺛ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﱠﺖ إ َﻟ ْﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ُﺲ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻃ َﻤ َﺄ ﱠن إ َﻟ ْﻴﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻠ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﱡ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﱠﺎس َو َأ ْﻓﺘ َْﻮك«‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪْ ِر‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َأ ْﻓﺘَﺎك اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﺲ‪َ ،‬وﺗ ََﺮ ﱠد َد ِﰲ ﱠ‬ ‫ﺎك ِﰲ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻔ ِ‬‫َﻣﺎ َﺣ َ‬
‫ﲔ َأ ْﲪَﺪَ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺣﻨْ َﺒ َﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻹ َﻣﺎ َﻣ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪ُ ،‬ر ﱢو ْﻳﻨَﺎ ُه ﰲ ُﻣ ْﺴﻨَﺪَ ي ْ ِ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫َﺎد َﺣ َﺴ ٍﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫واﻟﺪﱠ ِار ِﻣﻲ ﺑِﺈِﺳﻨ ٍ‬
‫ﱢ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َﴪ ا ْﻟﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ُﳌ َﻮ ﱠﺣﺪَ ِة[‪.‬‬ ‫]) َواﺑِ َﺼ ُﺔ(‪ :‬ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ َ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪ْ ُْِ‬ونَ‬

‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﺎر َﻳ َﺔ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬وﻋَ َﻈﻨَﺎ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻴﺢ ا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﺮ َﺑ ِ‬
‫ﺎض ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻧ ِ‬
‫َﺠ ٍ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﻋﺘﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ اﳊﺎرث أﺑﻮ ﺳﺎﱂ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬أﺑﻮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﺻﺎﳊًﺎ ﺑﻜﱠﺎ ًء‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻦ اﻟﺮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬وﻟﻪ دار ﺑﺪﻣﺸﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬اﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻔﺘﻮى ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺒﻚ‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن إﻻ ﻷﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﻔﻄﺮة اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻔﺘﻮى‪ :‬ﻫﻲ اﳉﻮاب ﻋﲈ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﴩﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬اﺳﺘﻘﺮت إﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬واﻧﴩﺣﺖ ﺑﻪ ورﺿﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ذﻛﺮه اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١٧٣٤) :‬وﻗﺎل‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻟﻐﲑه‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻲ اﻟﻔﺰاري‪ ،‬ﻧﺰل ﲪﺺ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أﻫﻞ اﻟﺼﻔﺔ‪ ،‬اﺷﺘﻬﺮ ‪‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﱡ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺜﺮة اﻟﺒﻜﺎء‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﳑﻦ ﻧﺰل ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻗﻮل اﷲ ‪﴾£ ¢ ¡  ~ }﴿ ،‬‬
‫ﲬﺲ وﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪.‬‬‫ٍ‬ ‫اﻵﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٦‬اﻟﻮﻋﻆ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﺬﻛﲑ ﺑﲈ ﻳﻠﲔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻏﻴ ًﺒﺎ ﻛﺎن أو ﺗﺮﻫﻴ ًﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ُ‬وْنَ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا ‪ْ ِ ‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ﻮب‪َ ،‬و َذ َر َﻓ ْﺖ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﻴ ُ‬ ‫)‪ِ (١‬‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َﻣ ْﻮﻋ َﻈ ًﺔ َو ِﺟ َﻠ ْﺖ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ُﻠ ُ‬
‫رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻮن‪،‬‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ﻛ ََﺄ ﱠﳖَﺎ َﻣ ْﻮﻋ َﻈ ُﺔ ُﻣ َﻮ ﱢد ٍع َﻓ َﺄ ْوﺻﻨَﺎ؟ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪ُ » :‬أوﺻﻴﻜ ُْﻢ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻓ ُﻘ ْﻠﻨَﺎ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ﺎﻋ ِﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﺗ ََﺄ ﱠﻣ َﺮ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻜ ُْﻢ َﻋ ْﺒﺪٌ ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِﻧ ُﱠﻪ‬ ‫)‪ِ (٣‬‬
‫ﺑِ َﺘ ْﻘ َﻮى اﷲ ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْﻤ ِﻊ َواﻟ ﱠﻄ َ‬
‫ِ )‪(٥‬‬
‫اﺧﺘِ َﻼ ًﻓﺎ ﻛَﺜِ ًﲑا‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻌ َﻠ ْﻴﻜ ُْﻢ ﺑِ ُﺴﻨﱠﺘِﻲ َو ُﺳﻨ ِﱠﺔ ُ‬
‫اﳋ َﻠ َﻔﺎء‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ ِﻌ ْﺶ ِﻣﻨْﻜ ُْﻢ َﻓ َﺴ َ َﲑى ْ‬
‫اﺟ ِﺬ ‪َ ،‬وإِ ﱠﻳﺎﻛ ُْﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﲔ)‪َ ،(٧‬ﻋ ﱡﻀﻮا)‪َ (٨‬ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ َﱠﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫) ‪(١٠‬‬ ‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ا َﳌ ْﻬﺪ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺷﺪ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ٍ ) ‪(١٢‬‬ ‫ِ ) ‪(١١‬‬
‫َﺿ َﻼ َﻟ ٌﺔ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه َأ ُﺑﻮ َد ُاو َد‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْاﻷ ُﻣﻮر؛ َﻓﺈِ ﱠن ﻛ ﱠُﻞ ﺑِﺪْ َﻋﺔ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َو ُﳏْﺪَ َﺛﺎت‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﺧﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻟﺖ اﻟﺪﻣﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻴﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪة اﻟﺒﻜﺎء‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺘﻘﻮى‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ اﷲ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﺜﺎل أﻣﺮه‪ ،‬واﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﳖﻴﻪ ﻋﲆ ﻋﻠﻢ وﺑﺼﲑة‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﺎل ﻃﻠﻖ ﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ‪ :‬أن ﺗﻌﺒﺪ اﷲ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻮر ﻣﻦ اﷲ؛ ﺗﺮﺟﻮ ﺛﻮاب اﷲ‪ ،‬وأن‬
‫ﺗﱰك ﻣﺎ ﺣﺮم اﷲ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻮر ﻣﻦ اﷲ؛ ﲣﺸﻰ ﻋﻘﺎب اﷲ‪.‬‬
‫أﻣﲑا‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﺻﺎر ً‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﲨﻊ )ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﻹﻣﺎم ﳜﻠﻒ إﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ ﻏﲑه ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮﺗﻪ‪ ،‬واﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﳋﻠﻔﺎء ﻫﻨﺎ‪:‬‬
‫أﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﺜﲈن‪ ،‬وﻋﲇ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﲨﻊ )راﺷﺪ(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﳌﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﲆ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﳊﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺼﻠﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬اﳌﻬﺪﻳﲔ‪ :‬ﲨﻊ )ﻣﻬﺪي(‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺪاه اﷲ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﳊﻖ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬أي‪ :‬ﺧﺬوﻫﺎ‪ ،‬واﻣﺴﻜﻮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻳﺪي واﻷﺳﻨﺎن‪ ،‬وﻫﺬا ﻛﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺷﺪة اﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬وﻫﻲ‪ :‬أﻗﴡ اﻷﴐاس‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١٠‬أي‪ :‬أﺣﺬرﻛﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١١‬اﳌﺤﺪث‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺮو ًﻓﺎ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻻ ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬وﻻ إﲨﺎع‪.‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪ (١٢‬اﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﴚء اﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪث‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬
‫ﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬ ‫َو َا ﱢ ْ‬
‫ﺎء ا ُﳌ ْﻮ ﱠﺣﺪَ ِة‪.‬‬‫ﲔ‪ ،‬وﺑِﺎ ْﻟﺒ ِ‬ ‫])ا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْﺮ َﺑ ُ‬
‫َﴪ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْ ِ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎض(‪ :‬ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫ﺎء ا ُﳌ َﺜﻨ ِﱠﺎة ِﻣﻦ َﲢ ٍ‬ ‫ﲔ ا ُﳌﻬﻤ َﻠ ِﺔ‪ ،‬وا ْﻟﻴ ِ‬
‫ْﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﺴ ْ ِ ْ َ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎر َﻳ ُﺔ(‪ :‬ﺑِ ﱢ‬ ‫َو) َﺳ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ِاء‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﺳﺎ َﻟ ْﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺬال ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻤﺔ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫ﺖ(‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ﱠ ِ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬ذ َر َﻓ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﺟ ِﺬ(‪ُ ،‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺑِ ﱠ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺬ ِ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ َﱠﻮ ِ‬
‫ال ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻤﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻫ َﻲ‪ْ :‬اﻷَ ْﻧ َﻴ ُ‬
‫ﺎب‪.‬‬
‫اس‪.‬‬ ‫ﴐ ُ‬ ‫َو ِﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪َ ْ :‬‬
‫اﻷ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎل َﺳ َﺒ َﻖ[‪.‬‬ ‫َو)ا ْﻟﺒِﺪْ َﻋ ُﺔ(‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻋُ ِﻤ َﻞ ﻋَ َﲆ َﻏ ِﲑ ِﻣ َﺜ ٍ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا ‪ُ ْِ‬وْنَ‬

‫ﻮل اﷲِ َأ ْﺧ ِ ْﱪ ِﲏ‬ ‫ﺎذ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺟ َﺒ ٍﻞ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪ُ :‬ﻗ ْﻠﺖ َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ﻣﻌ ِ‬
‫ْ ُ َ‬
‫اﳉﻨ َﱠﺔ وﻳﺒ ِ‬
‫ﺎﻋﺪُ ِﲏ ﻋَ ِﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎر‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻟ َﻘﺪْ َﺳ َﺄ ْﻟ َ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺖ َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻌ َﻤ ٍﻞ ُﻳﺪْ ﺧ ُﻠﻨﻲ ْ َ َ ُ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫واﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳐﱰﻋﺔ ﺗﻀﺎﻫﻲ اﻟﴩﻳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻮك ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ً‬ ‫=‬
‫اﳌﺒﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﰲ اﻟﺘﻌﺒﺪ ﷲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﲈ ﱂ ﻳﴩﻋﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻘﻴﺪة أو ﻗﻮل أو ﻓﻌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺳﻨﻦ أﰊ داود‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪،(٤٦٠٧) :‬‬
‫واﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٦٧٦) :‬ﺑﺄﻟﻔﺎظ ﻣﺘﻘﺎرﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪ ‬ﻟﻺﻣﺎم‬
‫اﻟﻮادﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٩٢١) :‬‬
‫ﺑﺪرا‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﺑﻦ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎذ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺒﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ أوس اﳋﺰرﺟﻲ اﻷﻧﺼﺎري‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺪ ً‬
‫ﻋﴩﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﻣﺴﻌﻮد ‪ :‬إن ﻣﻌﺎ ًذا ﻛﺎن أﻣﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﺘًﺎ ﷲ ﺣﻨﻴ ًﻔﺎ‪.‬‬
‫وﻛﺎن إﻣﺎ ًﻣﺎ ر ﱠﺑﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻰ إﻟﻴﻪ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ﺛﲈﲏ ﻋﴩة‪.‬‬
 ‫‪ُ‬وْنَ‬
‫‪ ُ‬وَا ‪ْ ِ ‬‬
‫ا‪ ُْ ِَ‬ا‪ِ ‬‬

‫ُﴩ ُك ﺑِ ِﻪ‬
‫ﴪ ُه اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ :‬ﺗ ْﻌ ُﺒﺪُ اﷲَ)‪َ (١‬ﻻ ﺗ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫َﻋﻈﻴ ٍﻢ! َوإِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟ َﻴﺴ ٌﲑ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ ﱠ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن‪َ ،‬و َﲢ ﱡُﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺼ َﻼةَ‪َ ،‬وﺗ ُْﺆ ِﰐ اﻟﺰﱠ ﻛَﺎةَ‪َ ،‬وﺗ َُﺼ ُ‬
‫ﻮم َر َﻣ َﻀ َ‬ ‫ﻴﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ‪َ ،‬وﺗُﻘ ُ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫اﻟﺼ ْﻮ ُم ُﺟﻨ ٌﱠﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫اﳋ ْ ِﲑ ؟ ﱠ‬ ‫اب َ‬ ‫ﺖ«‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ َﻻ َأ ُد ﱡﻟ َﻚ َﻋ َﲆ َأ ْﺑ َﻮ ِ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ُﺟ ِﻞ ِﰲ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫واﻟﺼﺪَ َﻗ ُﺔ ُﺗ ْﻄ ِﻔﺊ َ ِ‬
‫ﺎء اﻟﻨ َﱠﺎر‪َ ،‬و َﺻ َﻼ ُة ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋﻄﻴﺌ ََﺔ ﻛ ََﲈ ُﻳ ْﻄﻔ ُﺊ ا َﳌ ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬
‫ف اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻴ ِﻞ «‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺗ ََﻼ‪َ ﴾g f e d﴿ :‬ﺣﺘﱠﻰ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬
‫ﻮد ِه‪،‬‬
‫س ْاﻷَﻣ ِﺮ‪ ،‬وﻋﻤ ِ‬
‫ﱪ َك ﺑِ َﺮ ْأ ِ ْ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫َﺑ َﻠ َﻎ‪ُ ،﴾|﴿ :‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬أ َﻻ أ ْﺧ ِ ُ‬
‫اﷲ‪َ .‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ر ْأ ُس ْاﻷَ ْﻣ ِﺮ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫َﺎﻣ ِﻪ؟«‪ُ ] ،‬ﻗ ْﻠﺖ‪َ :‬ﺑ َﲆ َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫و ِذرو ِة ﺳﻨ ِ‬
‫َ ْ َ َ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼةُ‪َ ،‬وذ ْر َو ُة َﺳﻨَﺎﻣﻪ ِ‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ِْ‬
‫اﳉ َﻬﺎ ُد«[ ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ُم ‪َ ،‬و َﻋ ُﻤﻮ ُد ُه ﱠ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ َﻓ َﺄ َﺧ َﺬ‬ ‫ﱪ َك ﺑِ َﻤ َﻼ ِك َذﻟِ َﻚ ُﻛ ﱢﻠ ِﻪ؟«‪ُ ،‬ﻗ ْﻠﺖ‪َ :‬ﺑ َﲆ َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫»أ َﻻ أ ْﺧ ِ ُ‬
‫اﺧ ُﺬ َ‬
‫ون‬ ‫ﻚ ﻫ َﺬا«‪ُ ،‬ﻗ ْﻠﺖ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ ﻧَﺒِﻲ ِ‬
‫اﷲ َوإِﻧﱠﺎ َُﳌﺆَ َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ُﻒ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ َ َ‬ ‫ﺑِﻠِ َﺴﺎﻧِ ِﻪ َو َﻗ َﺎل‪» :‬ﻛ ﱠ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫وﺗﻌﻈﻴﲈ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﺘﺬﻟﻞ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﺎدة ﺣﺒﺎ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﴩك‪ :‬وﻫﻮ أن ﲡﻌﻞ ﷲ ﻧﺪا وﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻘﻚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﳋﲑ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬اﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ اﳌﺴﺘﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﳌﻌﺎﴆ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﺬه ﻣﻌﻄﻮﻓﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ‪) :‬اﻟﺼﺪﻗﺔ(‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬وﺻﻼة اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﰲ ﺟﻮف اﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﻄﻔﺊ‬
‫اﳋﻄﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮا‬
‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬أﻣﺮ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﺬي ﻣﻦ أﺟﻠﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ‪ ،‬رأﺳﻪ اﻹﺳﻼم‪ ،‬أي‪ :‬أن ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‬
‫وﺑﺎﻃﻨًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ اﳌﻌﻘﻮﻓﺘﲔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﻌﻴﻒ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٣٩٧٣) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ﱠﺎر َﻋ َﲆ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ِﰲ اﻟﻨ ِ‬‫ُﺐ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫ْﻚ ُأ ﱡﻣﻚ! َو َﻫ ْﻞ َﻳﻜ ﱡ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﲈ َﻧ َﺘ َﻜ ﱠﻠ ُﻢ ﺑِ ِﻪ؟ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﺛﻜِ َﻠﺘ َ‬
‫َﺎﺧ ِﺮ ِﻫ ْﻢ‪ -‬ﱠإﻻ َﺣ َﺼﺎﺋِﺪُ َأ ْﻟ ِﺴﻨَﺘِ ِﻬ ْﻢ؟!«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه‬ ‫ﻮﻫ ِﻬﻢ ‪َ -‬أو ﻋ َﲆ ﻣﻨ ِ‬
‫ْ َ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫وﺟ ِ‬
‫ُ ُ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﱰﻣﺬ ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺣﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬ ‫ﱢْ‬
‫ال َو َﺿ ﱢﻤ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬أﻋْ َﻼ ُه‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺬ ِ‬
‫َﴪ ﱠ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻨَﺎ ِم(‪ :‬ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫])ذ ْر َو ُة ﱠ‬
‫َﴪ اﳌِ ْﻴ ِﻢ‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ ُد ُه‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﴚ ِء(‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ‬‫)ﻣ َﻼ ُك ﱠ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء و َﺿﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎف[‪.‬‬ ‫ُﺐ( ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ا ْﻟ َﻴ َ ﱢ‬ ‫) َﻳﻜ ﱡ‬
‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ْُ‬نَ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ ﷺ‬ ‫ﻋَ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺛ ْﻌ َﻠ َﺒ َﺔ ا ْﻟﺨُ َﺸﻨِ ﱢﻲ ُﺟ ْﺮ ُﺛﻮ ِم ْﺑ ِﻦ ﻧ ِ ٍ‬
‫َﺎﴍ ‪ ،(٢)‬ﻋَ ﻦ رﺳ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪ِ (٣‬‬
‫ﻮﻫﺎ ‪َ ،‬و َﺣﺪﱠ ُﺣﺪُ و ًدا‬ ‫إن اﷲَ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ َﻓ َﺮ َض َﻓ َﺮاﺋ َﺾ َﻓ َﻼ ﺗ َُﻀ ﱢﻴ ُﻌ َ‬ ‫َﻗﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﲪ ًﺔ‬ ‫َﺖ َﻋ ْﻦ َأ ْﺷ َﻴ َ‬
‫ﺎء َر ْ َ‬ ‫وﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ﱠﺮ َم َأ ْﺷ َﻴ َ‬
‫ﺎء َﻓ َﻼ َﺗ ْﻨﺘ َِﻬﻜ ُْﻮ َﻫﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﺳﻜ َ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻼ َﺗ ْﻌﺘَﺪُ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه اﻟﺪﱠ َار ُﻗ ْﻄﻨ ﱡﻲ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎن َﻓ َﻼ َﺗ ْﺒ َﺤ ُﺜﻮا َﻋﻨ َْﻬﺎ«‪َ .‬ﺣﺪ ٌ‬ ‫َﻟﻜ ُْﻢ ﻏَ ْﲑ ﻧِ ْﺴ َﻴ ٍ‬
‫َ‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫َو َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُه ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٦١٦) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺟﺮﻫﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻦ اﻟﺸﺎم‪ ،‬وﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ﲬﺲ وﺳﺒﻌﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬أوﺟﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﲥﻤﻠﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫واﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻟﻮاﺟﺒﺎت واﳌﺤﺮﻣﺎت‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬اﳊﺪ ﰲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻊ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﺪارﻗﻄﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٤٣٩٦) :‬وﻗﺎل اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ‪-‬ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﲆ ‪‬ﻛﺘﺎب‬
‫ﺑﺸﻮاﻫ ِﺪه‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﲈن‪ ‬ﻻﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ :-‬ﺣﺴ ٌﻦ‬
 ‫ا‪ ُْ ِَ‬ا‪َ‬دِيْ وَا‪ْُ ‬نَ‬

‫َﲔ َوﺑِﺎﻟﻨ ْﱡﻮ ِن‪،‬‬

‫ﲔ ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻤﺘ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ْ ِ‬ ‫اﳋ َﺸﻨِﻲ(‪ :‬ﺑِﻀﻢ اﳋ ِ‬
‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬و َﻓﺘ ِْﺢ ﱢ‬ ‫َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫]) ُ ﱡ‬
‫َﻣﻨ ُْﺴ ْﻮ ٌب إِ َﱃ ُﺧ َﺸ ْﻴﻨ ََﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻗﺒِ ْﻴ َﻠ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ ُﺮ ْو َﻓ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺮ ِاء‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳉ ْﻴ ِﻢ َواﻟ ﱠﺜﺎء ا ُﳌ َﺜ ﱠﻠ َﺜﺔ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْﺳﻜَﺎن ﱠ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪ُ ) :‬ﺟ ْﺮ ُﺛ ْﻮ ُم(‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ ِ‬
‫ف ﻛَﺜِ ْ ٌﲑ‪.‬‬
‫اﺧﺘِ َﻼ ٌ‬ ‫اﺳ ِﻢ َأﺑِ ْﻴ ِﻪ ْ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻪ َو ْ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨَﻬﲈ‪ ،‬و ِﰲ ِ ِ‬
‫َْ َُ َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺎو ُﳍَﺎ ﺑِ َﲈ َﻻ َﳛ ﱡﻞ[‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ ﷺ‪َ ) :‬ﻓ َﻼ َﺗﻨْ َﺘ ِﻬ ُﻜ ْﻮ َﻫﺎ( اﻧْﺘ َﻬ ُ‬
‫ﺎك اﳊُ ْﺮ َﻣﺔ‪َ :‬ﺗﻨ ُ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َ‬دِيْ وَا‪ْُ‬نَ‬

‫ي ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺟﺎ َء‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ﱠﺒ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﱢ‬ ‫ﺎس َﺳ ْﻬ ِﻞ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﺳ ْﻌﺪ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﷲ ُد ﱠﻟﻨِﻲ ﻋَ َﲆ ﻋَ َﻤ ٍﻞ إ َذا ﻋَ ِﻤ ْﻠ ُﺘ ُﻪ‬
‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫َر ُﺟ ٌﻞ َإﱃ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ‪» :‬ازْ َﻫﺪْ ِﰲ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫َأﺣﺒﻨِﻲ)‪ (٢‬اﷲُ و َأﺣﺒﻨِﻲ اﻟﻨﱠﺎس‪َ .‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل رﺳﻮ ُل ِ‬
‫َ ُ ْ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ َﱠ‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ُﳛ ﱠﺒ َﻚ اﷲُ‪َ ،‬وازْ َﻫﺪْ ﻓ َﻴﲈ ِ ْﰲ َأ ْﻳﺪي اﻟﻨ ِ‬‫ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس«‪ .‬ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﱠﺎس ُﳛ ﱠﺒ َﻚ اﻟﻨ ُ‬
‫ﺎﺟ ْﻪ َو َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُه ﺑِ َﺄ َﺳﺎﻧِﻴﺪَ َﺣ َﺴﻨ ٍَﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺣﺴﻦ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﻷﻧﺼﺎري اﳋﺰرﺟﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺪي اﳌﺪﲏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎرب اﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ‬
‫ٍ‬
‫واﺣﺪ وﺗﺴﻌﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫أواﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﰲ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﳌﺤﺒﺔ ﰲ اﳋﻠﻖ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‪ ،‬أو ﺳﻜﻮﳖﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻮاﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻮر‬
‫وﻣﻼﺋﲈ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮاﻓ ًﻘﺎ‪،‬‬
‫وﻗﺎل اﻟﻜﻔﻮي ‪ :‬اﳌﺤﺒﺔ إﻓﺮاط اﻟﺮﺿﺎ‪ ،‬وأﻣﺎ ﰲ اﳋﺎﻟﻖ ﻓﻬﻲ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺔ ﺗﻠﻴﻖ ﺑﺠﻼﻟﻪ‪،‬‬
‫وﻋﻈﻤﺘﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ وﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺰﻫﺪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﺮك ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﰲ اﻵﺧﺮة‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٤١٠٢) :‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٩٤٤‬و‪‬اﻟﺮﻳﺎض‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٤٧٥) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬مِ‪ ْ‬وَا‪ْ ُ‬نَ‬

‫ي ‪َ ، ‬أ ﱠن‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫اﳋﺪْ ِر ﱢ‬
‫َﺎن ُ‬ ‫ﻴﺪ َﺳ ْﻌ ِﺪ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ِﻚ ْﺑ ِﻦ ِﺳﻨ ٍ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﺳ ِﻌ ٍ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﴐ َار « ‪َ .‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫رﺳ َ ِ‬
‫(‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬‫‪٣‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﴐ َر َو َﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬
‫ﳘﺎ ُﻣ ْﺴﻨَﺪً ا‪َ ،‬و َر َوا ُه َﻣﺎﻟِ ٌﻚ ﰲِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﺟ ْﻪ‪َ ،‬واﻟﺪﱠ َار ُﻗ ْﻄﻨ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬و َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُ َ‬ ‫َر َوا ُه ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ َ‬
‫ﻋَﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ ُﻣ ْﺮ َﺳ ًﻼ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْﺳ َﻘ َﻂ‬‫ﳛ َﻴﻰ ﻋَ ْﻦ َأﺑِ ِﻴﻪ ِ‬ ‫‪‬ا ُﳌ َﻮ ﱠﻃﺈِ‪ْ ‬‬
‫ﻋَﻦ ﻋَ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ َ ْ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻴﺪ‪َ ،‬و َﻟ ُﻪ ُﻃ ُﺮ ٌق ُﻳ َﻘ ﱢﻮي َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ َﻬﺎ َﺑ ْﻌ ًﻀﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫َأﺑﺎ ﺳ ِﻌ ٍ‬
‫َ َ‬
‫ﺎد ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻤ ِﺔ[‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻀ ِ‬ ‫ﴐ َار(‪ :‬ﺑِﻜ ْ ِ‬
‫َﴪ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫]) َو َﻻ َ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أﺻﺤﺎب اﻟﺸﺠﺮة‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﻟﺬﻫﺒﻲ ‪- ‬ﻋﻨﻪ‪ :-‬ﻛﺎن ً‬
‫ﻓﻘﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﺒﻴﻼً‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻀﻼء اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺘﻞ أﺑﻮه ﻳﻮم‬
‫ٍ‬
‫ﲬﺲ وﺳﺘﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﴬر‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻷذى ﺑﺪون ﻗﺼﺪ‪ .‬وأﺻﻠﻪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻘﺼﺎن ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﴚء‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﴬار‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻷذى ﺑﻘﺼﺪ‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ اﳉﺰاء ﻋﲆ اﻟﴬر‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ‪ ‬ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ وﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٣٤٠‬وﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٣٤١) :‬ﻋﻦ ﻋﺒﺎدة ﺑﻦ اﻟﺼﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬واﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺎس ‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ‬
‫وﻫﻢ اﻟﻨﻮوي ‪ ‬ﻋﲆ ﺟﻼﻟﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻋﺰوه ﻷﰊ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﳛﺘﻤﻞ أن‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺳﺒﻖ ﻗﻠﻢ‪ ،‬أو ﻛﺘﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻔﻈﻪ‪ ،‬واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)ﻳﻘﻮى ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻨﺴﺦ‪ :‬ﱠ‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪ ُِ ‬وَا‪ْ ُ‬نَ‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪ْ ُ‬نَ‬

‫اﷲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻟ ْﻮ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﺎس ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎء ُﻫ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻟﻜِ ﱠﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ﱢﻴﻨ ََﺔ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﱠﺎس ﺑِﺪَ ْﻋ َﻮ ُاﻫ ْﻢ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﱠد َﻋﻰ ِر َﺟ ٌﺎل َأ ْﻣ َﻮ َال َﻗ ْﻮ ٍم َود َﻣ َ‬
‫اﻟﻨ ُ‬
‫ﲔ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣ ْﻦ َأ ْﻧﻜ ََﺮ «‪َ .‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ ا ُﳌﺪﱠ ﻋﻲ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﻴﻤ َ‬
‫ﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ )‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻴﺤ ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺤ َ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻬﻘ ﱡﻲ َو َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُه َﻫﻜ ََﺬا‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀ ُﻪ ِﰲ ‪ ‬ﱠ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪ْ ُ‬نَ‬

‫ﻮل‪:‬‬‫اﷲ ﷺ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ي ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ِ ٍ‬
‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ َﺳﻌﻴﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﺨﺪْ ِر ﱢ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ ِ ِِ‬ ‫ِِ‬ ‫(‬‫‪٤‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﲑ ُه ﺑِ َﻴﺪه‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﱂ ْ َﻳ ْﺴﺘَﻄ ْﻊ َﻓﺒِﻠ َﺴﺎﻧﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن َﱂ ْ‬ ‫» َﻣ ْﻦ َر َأى ﻣﻨْﻜ ُْﻢ ُﻣﻨْﻜ ًَﺮا َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴﻐ ﱢ ْ‬
‫اﻹ َﻳﲈ ِن«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫َﻳ ْﺴﺘَﻄِ ْﻊ َﻓﺒِ َﻘ ْﻠﺒِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َذﻟِ َﻚ َأ ْﺿ َﻌ ُ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻒ ِْ‬

‫]) َﻓﺈِ ْن َﱂ ْ َﻳ ْﺴﺘَﻄِ ْﻊ َﻓﺒِ َﻘ ْﻠﺒِ ِﻪ(‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬ﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴﻨْﻜِ ْﺮ ُه ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻠﺒِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اﻹ َﻳﲈ ِن( َأ ْي‪َ :‬أ َﻗ ﱡﻠ ُﻪ َﺛ َﻤ َﺮةً[‪.‬‬ ‫ﻒ ِْ‬ ‫) َو َذﻟِ َﻚ َأ ْﺿ َﻌ ُ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺒﻴﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺑﻪ ﺣ ﱢﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﴚء‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻹﻧﻜﺎر‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﳉﺤﺪ وﻋﺪم اﻻﻋﱰاف‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٣٣٨٦) :‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬اﻹرواء‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٢٦٨٥‬وأﺻﻠﻪ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٤٥٥٢) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٧١١) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬اﳌﻨﻜﺮ ﰲ اﻟﴩع‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﳖﻰ اﷲ ‪ ‬ﻋﻨﻪ ورﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﷺ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٤٩) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِَ‬وَا‪ْُ‬نَ‬

‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﻫﺮﻳﺮة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫َﺎﺳﺪُ وا ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﲢ َ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ُ ََْ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫َﺎﺟ ُﺸﻮا ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﺗ َﺒﺎﻏَ ُﻀﻮا ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ﺗَﺪَ ا َﺑ ُﺮوا ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﻳﺒِ ْﻊ َﺑ ْﻌ ُﻀﻜ ُْﻢ‬ ‫َو َﻻ َﺗﻨ َ‬
‫إﺧ َﻮاﻧًﺎ‪ ،‬ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ُﻢ َأ ُﺧﻮ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِﻢِ‪َ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫ﺾ‪ ،‬وﻛُﻮﻧُﻮا ِﻋﺒﺎد ِ‬
‫اﷲ ْ‬ ‫َ َ‬ ‫َﻋ َﲆ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﻊ َﺑ ْﻌ ٍ َ‬
‫ِ )‪(٧‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻳ ْﻈﻠِ ُﻤ ُﻪ ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َ ْ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺎﻫﻨَﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﳛﻘ ُﺮ ُه ‪ ،‬اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻘ َﻮى َﻫ ُ‬ ‫ﳜ ُﺬ ُﻟ ُﻪ ‪َ ] ،‬و َﻻ َﻳﻜْﺬ ُﺑ ُﻪ[‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َ ْ‬
‫ﳛ ِﻘ َﺮ‬
‫اﻟﴩ َأ ْن َ ْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ْاﻣ ِﺮ ٍئ ﻣ َﻦ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫ات‪ -‬ﺑِ َﺤ ْﺴ ِ‬ ‫ث ﻣﺮ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪َ -‬و ُﻳﺸ ُﲑ َإﱃ َﺻﺪْ ِره َﺛ َﻼ َ َ ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬

‫َأ َﺧﺎ ُه ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ َﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ا ُﳌ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻢ َﺣ َﺮ ٌام‪َ :‬د ُﻣ ُﻪ َو َﻣﺎ ُﻟ ُﻪ َو ِﻋ ْﺮ ُﺿ ُﻪ«‪.‬‬
‫َر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬

‫اﻟﺬ ِ‬ ‫َﺎن اﳋ ِ‬ ‫ﺎء‪ ،‬وإِﺳﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﳜ ُﺬ ُﻟﻪ(‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ا ْﻟﻴ ِ‬

‫ال‬ ‫ﺎء‪َ ،‬و َﺿ ﱢﻢ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫]) َو َﻻ َ ْ ُ‬
‫ا ُﳌ ْﻌ َﺠ َﻤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﳊﺴﺪ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﲤﻨﻲ زوال اﻟﻨﻌﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ أﺧﻴﻚ اﳌﺴﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬أن ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﳌﺮء ﰲ اﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ وﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﴍاءﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وأﺻﻞ اﻟﻨﺠﺶ )اﳋﺘﻞ(‪ ،‬أي‪:‬‬
‫اﳋﺪاع‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﳌﻘﺖ واﻟﻜﺮاﻫﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﻮا‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﺺ ﺣﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪوان ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬واﳋﺬﻻنُ ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﺮك اﻹﻋﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻨﴫة‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻜﱪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٥٦٤) :‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪‬دِسُ وَا‪ْ ُ ‬نَ‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫َﺎن ا ْﻟﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺎء‪ ،‬وإِﺳﻜ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎف‪.‬‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻻ َﻳﻜْﺬ ُﺑ ُﻪ( ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ا ْﻟ َﻴ َ ْ‬
‫ﲔ ا ُﳌ ْﻬ َﻤ َﻠ ِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﴩ(‪ُ ،‬ﻫ َﻮ ﺑِﺈِ ْﺳﻜَﺎن ﱢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ْاﻣ ِﺮ ٍئ ﻣ َﻦ ﱠ ﱢ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪) :‬ﺑِ َﺤ ْﺴ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫َأ ْي‪َ :‬ﻳﻜْﻔ ْﻴﻪ ﻣ َﻦ ﱠ ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﴩ[‪.‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬دِسُ وَا‪ْُ‬نَ‬

‫ﻋَﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻧ ﱠﻔ َﺲ َﻋ ْﻦ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ب َﻳ ْﻮ ِم‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ب اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ َﻧ ﱠﻔ َﺲ اﷲُ َﻋﻨْ ُﻪ ﻛ ُْﺮ َﺑ ًﺔ ﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ َُﺮ ِ‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﺆ ِﻣ ٍﻦ)‪ (١‬ﻛ ُْﺮ َﺑ ًﺔ ﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ َُﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﴪ اﷲُ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﰲ اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ َو ْاﻵ ِﺧ َﺮ ِة‪،‬‬

‫ِ )‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﴪ َﻳ ﱠ َ‬ ‫ﴪ َﻋ َﲆ ُﻣ ْﻌ ٍ‬ ‫ا ْﻟﻘ َﻴ َﺎﻣﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ َﻳ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﱰ ُه اﷲُ ِﰲ اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ َو ْاﻵ ِﺧ َﺮ ِة‪َ ،‬واﷲُ ِﰲ َﻋ ْﻮ ِن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺒ ِﺪ َﻣﺎ‬
‫ِ )‪(٣‬‬
‫ﱰ ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ًﲈ َﺳ َ َ‬ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻦ َﺳ َ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﻟ َﻌ ْﺒﺪُ ِﰲ َﻋ ْﻮ ِن َأ ِﺧ ِﻴﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ َﺳ َﻠ َﻚ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ًﻘﺎ َﻳ ْﻠﺘ َِﻤ ُﺲ ﻓِ ِﻴﻪ ِﻋ ْﻠ ًﲈ‪،‬‬
‫(‬‫‪٤‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﻛ َ‬
‫ﻮت‬ ‫ﺖ ِﻣﻦ ﺑﻴ ِ‬ ‫اﳉﻨ ِﱠﺔ)‪ ،(٥‬وﻣﺎ اﺟﺘَﻤﻊ َﻗﻮم ِﰲ ﺑﻴ ٍ‬ ‫َﺳ ﱠﻬ َﻞ اﷲُ َﻟ ُﻪ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻃ ِﺮﻳ ًﻘﺎ َإﱃ َ‬
‫ْ ُُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ َ َ ْ ٌ َْ‬
‫ﺖ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻬ ُﻢ‬
‫ِ)‪(٦‬‬
‫اﷲ ‪َ ،‬و َﻳﺘَﺪَ َار ُﺳﻮ َﻧ ُﻪ َﺑ ْﻴﻨ َُﻬ ْﻢ؛ ﱠإﻻ َﻧﺰَ َﻟ ْ‬ ‫َﺎب‬ ‫اﷲ‪ ،‬ﻳ ْﺘ ُﻠ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮن ﻛﺘ َ‬ ‫َ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬أزال ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻘﻀﺎء اﻟﺪﻳﻦ وﻧﺤﻮه‪ ،‬واﻟﻜﺮﺑﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ اﳊﺰن اﻟﺬي ﻳﺬﻳﺐ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺜﻴﻤﲔ ‪ :‬ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻴﺴﲑ اﳌﺎل‪ ،‬أو اﻷﻋﲈل‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻳﺴﱰ ﱠ‬
‫زﻻﺗﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻﺳﻴﲈ ذوي اﳍﻴﺌﺎت وﻧﺤﻮﻫﻢ ﳑﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﺮو ًﻓﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﺳﺎر‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﺬا ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن إﻻ ﰲ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﴩﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﺪﺑﺮا‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬ﻟﻔ ًﻈﺎ وﻣﻌﻨًﻰ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ﲪ ُﺔ‪َ ،‬و َﺣ ﱠﻔﺘ ُْﻬ ُﻢ ا َﳌ َﻼﺋِﻜ َُﺔ ‪َ ،‬و َذﻛ ََﺮ ُﻫ ُﻢ ا ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻨ َُﺔ ‪َ ،‬وﻏَ ﺸ َﻴﺘ ُْﻬ ُﻢ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺮ ْ َ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴪ ْع ﺑِﻪ ﻧ ََﺴ ُﺒ ُﻪ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ٌﻢ ِ َﲠ َﺬا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻴﻤ ْﻦ ﻋﻨْﺪَ ُه‪َ ،‬و َﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ ﱠﻄﺄ ﺑِﻪ َﻋ َﻤ ُﻠ ُﻪ َﱂ ْ ُﻳ ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓ َ‬
‫ِ )‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻆ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪ْُ‬نَ‬

‫اﷲ ﷺ ﻓِ َﻴﲈ َﻳ ْﺮ ِو ِﻳﻪ ﻋَ ْﻦ َر ﱢﺑ ِﻪ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ رﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺎس ‪ُ َ ْ ،‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻋَﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒ ٍ‬
‫ِ )‪(٤‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ‬‫اﻟﺴ ﱢﻴﺌَﺎت ُﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ﱠ َ‬ ‫اﳊ َﺴﻨَﺎت َو ﱠ‬ ‫َﺐ َ‬ ‫إن اﷲَ َﻛﺘ َ‬ ‫َﺗ َﺒ َﺎر َك َو َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ َﻗ َﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ‬
‫َذﻟِ َﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺑِﺤﺴﻨ ٍَﺔ َﻓ َﻠﻢ ﻳﻌﻤ ْﻠﻬﺎ َﻛ َﺘﺒﻬﺎ اﷲُ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ه ﺣﺴﻨ ًَﺔ ﻛ ِ‬
‫َﺎﻣ َﻠ ًﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫ْ ََْ َ‬ ‫َ ْ َ ﱠ َ َ‬
‫َﺎت‪َ ،‬إﱃ ﺳﺒ ِﻌ ِﲈﺋَﺔِ‬ ‫وإِ ْن ﻫﻢ ِﲠﺎ َﻓﻌ ِﻤ َﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻛ َﺘﺒ َﻬﺎ اﷲُ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ه ﻋ ْﴩ ﺣﺴﻨ ٍ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ َ َ َ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ َ َ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫ﻒ‪َ ،‬إﱃ َأ ْﺿ َﻌﺎف ﻛَﺜ َﲑة‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن َﻫ ﱠﻢ ﺑِ َﺴ ﱢﻴﺌَﺔ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻌ َﻤ ْﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ اﷲُ‬ ‫ِﺿﻌ ٍ‬
‫ْ‬
‫اﺣﺪَ ًة«‪.‬‬ ‫َﺎﻣ َﻠ ًﺔ‪ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻫﻢ ِﲠﺎ َﻓﻌ ِﻤ َﻠ َﻬﺎ َﻛ َﺘﺒ َﻬﺎ اﷲُ ﺳﻴﺌ ًَﺔ و ِ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ه ﺣﺴﻨ ًَﺔ ﻛ ِ‬
‫َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َ ﱠ َ َ‬ ‫ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺎري‪ ،‬وﻣﺴﻠِﻢ ِﰲ ‪‬ﺻ ِﺤﻴﺤﻴ ِﻬﲈ‪ِ ‬ﲠ ِﺬ ِه اﳊﺮو ِ‬
‫َر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ ﱡ َ ُ ْ ٌ ْ َ ْ َ ْ َ َ‬
‫(‬ ‫‪٦‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ف‪.‬‬ ‫ُُ ْ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﻃﻤﺄﻧﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪ ،‬واﻧﴩاح اﻟﺼﺪر‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬أﺣﺎﻃﺖ ﲠﻢ إﻛﺮا ًﻣﺎ ﳍﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢٦٩٩) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﻛﺘﺐ وﻗﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وﺛﻮاﲠﺎ‪ ،‬وﻋﻘﺎﲠﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬أراد ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ اﷲ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٦٤٩١) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٣١) :‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪ْُ ‬نَ‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ﻒ اﷲ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎك‪ -‬إِ َﱃ ﻋَ ﻈِﻴ ِﻢ ُﻟ ْﻄ ِ‬ ‫َﻓﺎ ْﻧ ُﻈ ْﺮ َﻳﺎ َأ ِﺧ ْﻲ ‪َ -‬و ﱠﻓ َﻘﻨِﻲ اﷲُ َوإِ ﱠﻳ َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫ﺎظ‪.‬‬ ‫َوﺗ ََﺄ ﱠﻣ ْﻞ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ْاﻷَ ْﻟ َﻔ َ‬
‫اﻻ ﺘِﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء ِ َﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪ِ ) :‬ﻋﻨْﺪَ ُه( إِ َﺷ َﺎر ٌة إِ َﱃ ِ ﻋْ‬
‫اﻻ ﺘِﻨ ِ‬
‫َﺎء ِ َﲠﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫َو َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ ِﺎﻣ َﻠ ًﺔ( ﻟِﻠﺘ ْﱠﻮﻛِ ْﻴ ِﺪ‪َ ،‬و ِﺷﺪﱠ ِة ِ ﻋْ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ﱢﻴﺌ َِﺔ ا ﱠﻟﺘِ ْﻲ َﻫ ﱠﻢ ِ َﲠﺎ ُﺛ ﱠﻢ ﺗ ََﺮﻛ ََﻬﺎ‪َ ) :‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺒ َﻬﺎ اﷲُ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ ُه َﺣ َﺴﻨَ ًﺔ‬ ‫َو َﻗ َﺎل ِﰲ ﱠ‬
‫اﺣﺪَ ًة(‪،‬‬ ‫َﻛ ِﺎﻣ َﻠ ًﺔ(‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻛﺪَ ﻫﺎ ﺑـ‪َ ):‬ﻛ ِﺎﻣ َﻠ ٍﺔ(‪ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻋَ ِﻤ َﻠﻬﺎ ) َﻛ َﺘﺒﻬﺎ اﷲُ ﺳﻴ َﺌ ًﺔ و ِ‬
‫َ ﱢ َ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ َﺄ ﱠﻛﺪَ ﺗ َْﻘﻠِ ْﻴ َﻠ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﻮاﺣﺪَ ة‪َ ،‬و َﱂ ْ ُﻳﺆَ ﱢﻛﺪْ َﻫﺎ ﺑِﻜَﺎﻣ َﻠﺔ‪َ ،‬ﻓﻠِ ﱠﻠﻪ اﳊَ ْﻤﺪُ َواﳌﻨ ُﱠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﴢ َﺛﻨَﺎ ًء ﻋَ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬وﺑِﺎﷲ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﻮﻓِ ْﻴ ُﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﺳ ْﺒ َﺤﺎ َﻧ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻻ ﻧ ُْﺤ ْ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪ْ ُ‬نَ‬

‫ِ‬
‫إن اﷲَ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﻫ َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮة ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ )‪(١‬‬
‫ب‪َ ،‬و َﻣﺎ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺮ َب َ ﱠ‬
‫إﱄ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﻋﺎ َدى ِﱄ َوﻟﻴﺎ َﻓ ْﻘﺪ آ َذﻧْﺘ ُﻪ ﺑِ َ‬
‫ﺎﳊ ْﺮ ِ‬
‫ﱰ ْﺿ ُﺘ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻣﺎ َﻳﺰَ ُال َﻋ ْﺒ ِﺪي َﻳ َﺘ َﻘ ﱠﺮ ُب‬ ‫ﻋﺒ ِﺪي ﺑِ َﴚ ٍء َأﺣﺐ َ ِ‬
‫إﱄ ﳑ ﱠﺎ ا ْﻓ َ َ‬
‫ْ َ ﱠ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ )‪(٥‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫إﱄ ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ َﱠﻮاﻓ ِﻞ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ُأﺣ ﱠﺒ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ َذا َأ ْﺣ َﺒ ْﺒ ُﺘ ُﻪ ُﻛﻨْﺖ َﺳ ْﻤ َﻌ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻟﺬي َﻳ ْﺴ َﻤ ُﻊ ﺑِﻪ ‪،‬‬ ‫َﱠ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬اﲣﺬه ﻋﺪوا ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻫﺬا ﺟﻮاب اﻟﴩط‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬أﻋﻠﻤﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳊﺮب‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﻻ ﻳﺰال ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﺮب إﱃ اﷲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺿﺎي‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﺴﻤﻊ إﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﺿﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬وﻫﻜﺬا ﰲ اﻟﺒﴫ واﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫َ‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﻛﺎن ﺳﻤﻌﻪ ﺗﺎﺑ ًﻌﺎ‬
‫واﻟﺮﺟﻞ‪ .‬أي‪ :‬أن اﷲ ﻳﺴﺪد ﺟﻮارﺣﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﱢ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ﴫ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻳﺪَ ُه ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻳ ْﺒﻄِ ُﺶ ِ َﲠﺎ‪َ ،‬و ِر ْﺟ َﻠ ُﻪ ا ﱠﻟﺘِﻲ َﻳ ْﻤ ِﴚ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﴫ ُه ا ﱠﻟﺬي ُﻳ ْﺒ ُ‬ ‫َو َﺑ َ َ‬
‫ِ َﲠﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﺌِ ْﻦ َﺳ َﺄ َﻟﻨِﻲ َﻷُ ْﻋﻄِ َﻴﻨﱠ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻟﺌِ ِﻦ ْاﺳ َﺘ َﻌﺎ َذ ِﲏ َﻷُ ِﻋ َﻴﺬﻧ ُﱠﻪ «‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬ ‫(‬‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)‬

‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي ‪.‬‬ ‫ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬

‫]) َﻓ َﻘﺪْ آ َذ ْﻧ ُﺘ ُﻪ(‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ِ َﲠ ْﻤﺰَ ٍة َﳑْﺪُ ْو َد ٍة‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬أﻋْ َﻠ ْﻤ ُﺘ ُﻪ ﺑِ َﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﳏ َِﺎر ٌب ِ ْﱄ‪.‬‬
‫ﳘﺎ َﺻ ِﺤ ْﻴ ٌﺢ[‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪ْ ) :‬اﺳ َﺘ َﻌﺎ َذ ِﲏ(‪َ ،‬ﺿ َﺒ ُﻄ ْﻮ ُه ﺑِﺎﻟﻨ ْﱡﻮن َوﺑِﺎﻟ َﺒﺎء‪َ ،‬وﻛ َﻼ ُ َ‬
‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪ْُ‬نَ‬
‫ﺎس ‪َ ،‬أ ﱠن رﺳ َ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إن اﷲَ َﲡ َ‬
‫َﺎوزَ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫َ ُ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒ ٍ‬
‫ﺎن ‪َ ،‬و َﻣﺎ ْاﺳ ُﺘﻜ ِْﺮ ُﻫﻮا َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ«‪.‬‬ ‫اﳋ َﻄ َﺄ ‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ ْﱢﺴ َﻴ َ‬ ‫ِﱄ)‪َ (٥‬ﻋ ْﻦ ُأ ﱠﻣﺘِﻲ‪َ :‬‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬

‫)‪(٩‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬

‫ﳘﺎ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ْﻪ‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴ َﻬﻘ ﱡﻲ َو َﻏ ْ ُﲑ ُ َ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‪َ ،‬ر َوا ُه ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺒﻄﺶ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ اﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﻨﻒ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬ﳉﺄ إ ﱠﱄ وﻃﻠﺐ إﻋﺎذﰐ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺲ واﳌﺎل‪.‬‬ ‫ﴐ ُره ﻋﲆ‬‫َ َ‬ ‫ﳜﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻷﻧﺠﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ اﳌﺮﻫﻮب‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٦٥٠٢) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻦ أﺟﲇ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬اﳋﻄﺄ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ أن ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺐ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ ﻋﻤﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬اﻟﻨﺴﻴﺎن‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ذﻫﻮل اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﺿﺪ اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‪ ،‬وﻳﺆﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ وﻳﺮاد ﺑﻪ اﻟﱰك‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬أن ﻳﻜﺮﻫﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻋﲆ ﻋﻤﻞ ﳏﺮم ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ دﻓﻌﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٠٤٥) :‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪َ » :‬و َﺿ َﻊ« ً‬
‫ﺑﺪﻻ ﻋﻦ » َﲡ َ‬
‫َﺎوزَ «‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﻴﻬﻘﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١٥٠٩٤) :‬وﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٠٠١٣) :‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬اﳌﺸﻜﺎة‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،(٦٢٩٣‬و‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﳉﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺼﻐﲑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٧٣١) :‬‬
 ‫‪‬رْ َ‪ْ ُ‬نَ‬
‫‪‬ا ‪‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬رْ‪ْُَ‬نَ‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ ﺑِ َﻤﻨْﻜِﺒِﻲ َو َﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ا ْﺑﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬أ َﺧ َﺬ َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫»ﻛ ُْﻦ ِﰲ اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﻛ ََﺄﻧﱠﻚ ﻏَ ِﺮ ٌ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻴﻞ «‪َ .‬وﻛ َ‬
‫َﺎن ا ْﺑ ُﻦ ﻋُ َﻤ َﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺐ)‪َ (٢‬أ ْو َﻋﺎﺑِ ُﺮ َﺳﺒِ ٍ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ﺎح ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َأ ْﺻ َﺒ ْﺤ َﺖ َﻓ َﻼ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪َ ‬ﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻮل‪ :‬إ َذا َأ ْﻣ َﺴ ْﻴ َﺖ َﻓ َﻼ َﺗﻨْﺘَﻈ ِﺮ ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﺒ َ‬
‫َﺗﻨْﺘَﻈِ ِﺮ ا َﳌ َﺴﺎ َء ‪َ ،‬و ُﺧ ْﺬ ِﻣ ْﻦ ِﺻ ﱠﺤﺘِ َﻚ َﳌِ َﺮ ِﺿ َﻚ‪َ ،‬و ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺣ َﻴﺎﺗِ َﻚ َﳌِ ْﻮﺗِ َﻚ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬

‫)‪(٧‬‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي ‪.‬‬ ‫َر َوا ُه ا ْﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬

‫ﻴﻞ(‪َ :‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﻻ ﺗ َْﺮﻛ ْ‬

‫َﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺐ َأ ْو َﻋﺎﺑِ ُﺮ َﺳﺒِ ٍ‬ ‫])ﻛ ُْﻦ ِﰲ اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﻛ ََﺄﻧﱠﻚ ﻏَ ِﺮ ٌ‬
‫ﺎء ﻓِ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ‬ ‫ث َﻧ ْﻔﺴ َﻚ ﺑِ ُﻄﻮ ِل ا ْﻟﺒ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ َ‬ ‫إِ َﻟ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﺗﺘﱠﺨ ْﺬ َﻫﺎ َو َﻃﻨًﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ ُﲢَﺪﱢ ْ َ‬
‫ﺐ ِ ْﰲ َﻏ ْ ِﲑ َو َﻃﻨ ِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬
‫ﺑِﺎﻻﻋْ ﺘﻨَﺎء ِ َﲠﺎ‪َ ،‬و َﻻ َﺗ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ْﻖ ﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﲈ َﻻ َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﻠ ُﻖ ﺑِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ِﺮ ْﻳ ُ‬
‫ﺎب إِ َﱃ‬ ‫اﻟﺬ َﻫ َ‬ ‫ﺐ ا ﱠﻟ ِﺬ ْي ُﻳ ِﺮ ْﻳﺪُ ﱠ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫َو َﻻ ﺗ َْﺸﺘَﻐ ْﻞ ﻓ ْﻴ َﻬﺎ ﺑِ َﲈ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺸﺘَﻐ ُﻞ ﺑِﻪ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ِﺮ ْﻳ ُ‬
‫َأ ْﻫﻠِ ِﻪ[‪.‬‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬أﻣﺴﻚ ﻛَﺘِﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﺎم ﻷﻧﺘﺒﻪ إﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﳌﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ :‬اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮم وﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻠﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬اﻟﺼﺒﺎح‪ :‬ﻫﻮ أول اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬اﳌﺴﺎء‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺰﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻬﺮ إﱃ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬واﺳﺘﻔﺪ ﻣﻦ وﻗﺘﻚ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺮﺿﻚ‪ ،‬أو ﻣﻮﺗﻚ‪.‬‬
‫واﳌﻮت‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺧﺮوج اﻟﺮوح ﻣﻦ اﳉﺴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٦٤١٦) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪َ‬دِيْ وَا‪‬رْ‪ْُَ‬نَ‬

‫ﺎص ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ِﰊ ﳏَﻤ ٍﺪ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫اﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ِﺮو ْﺑ ِﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ِ‬ ‫ُ ﱠ َْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ُﻮن َﻫ َﻮا ُه َﺗ َﺒ ًﻌﺎ َﳌ ِﺎ ِﺟﺌ ُ‬
‫ْﺖ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ‪َ » :‬ﻻ ُﻳ ْﺆ ِﻣ ُﻦ َأ َﺣﺪُ ﻛ ُْﻢ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻳﻜ َ‬
‫رﺳ ُ ِ‬
‫َ ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ٍ‬
‫اﳊ ﱠﺠﺔ‪ ‬ﺑِﺈِ ْﺳﻨَﺎد َﺻﺤ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑِ ِﻪ«‪َ .‬ﺣﺪ ٌ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َﺎب ‪ُ ْ ‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻴﺢ‪ُ ،‬ر ﱢو ْﻳﻨَﺎ ُه ﰲ ﻛﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬مِ‪ ْ‬وَا‪‬رْ‪ْُَ‬نَ‬

‫ﻮل‪:‬‬‫اﷲ ﷺ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫َﺲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣﺎﻟِ ٍﻚ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َأﻧ ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ )‪(٤‬‬ ‫ِ )‪(٣‬‬
‫ﱠﻚ َﻣﺎ َد َﻋ ْﻮﺗﻨﻲ َو َر َﺟ ْﻮﺗﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﷲ َﺗ َﺒ َﺎر َك َو َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ‪َ » :‬ﻳﺎ ا ْﺑ َﻦ آ َد َم‪ ،‬إِﻧ َ‬‫َﻗ َﺎل ا ُ‬
‫َﺖ ُذﻧُﻮ ُﺑ َﻚ‬
‫ﺎﱄ‪َ ،‬ﻳﺎ ا ْﺑ َﻦ آ َد َم‪َ ،‬ﻟ ْﻮ َﺑ َﻠﻐ ْ‬ ‫َﺎن ِﻣﻨْﻚ َو َﻻ ُأ َﺑ ِ‬ ‫ﻏَ َﻔ ْﺮ ُت َﻟﻚ َﻋ َﲆ َﻣﺎ ﻛ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ واﺋﻞ ﺑﻦ ﻫﺎﺷﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻌﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻛﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﻟﺆي اﻟﻘﺮﳾ‪ ،‬أﺳﻠﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ أﺑﻴﻪ‪،‬‬
‫وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻠﲈء اﻟﻌﺒﺎد‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ أﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ إﻻ ﺑﺎﺛﻨﻲ ﻋﴩ ﺳﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎل اﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ‪ :‬أﺣﺪ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ اﳌﻜﺜﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬وأﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﺒﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ﺳﺒ ٍﻊ وﺳﺘﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﳊﺪﻳﺚ رواه اﻟﺒﻐﻮي ﰲ ‪‬ﴍح اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١٠٤) :‬وﺿﻌﻔﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ‬
‫‪‬اﳌﺸﻜﺎة‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٦٧) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬اﻟﺪﻋﺎء ﻋﲆ ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‪ :‬دﻋﺎء ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ودﻋﺎء ﻋﺒﺎدة‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﻗﺎم ﲠﲈ ﻣﻊ رﺟﺎﺋﻪ ﻟﺮ ﱢﺑﻪ ﻏﻔﺮ‬
‫اﷲ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﴩك‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﺪﻋﺎء ﻟﻐﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﺴﺆال واﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎن ﺑﻠﺴﺎن اﳊﺎل‪ ،‬أو ﺑﻠﺴﺎن اﳌﻘﺎل‪.‬‬
‫اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‪ :‬إﻇﻬﺎر اﻟﺘﺬﻟﻞ واﻻﻓﺘﻘﺎر إﱃ اﷲ واﻻﺳﺘﻜﺎﻧﺔ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﻄﻴﺒﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫و‬
‫)‪ (٤‬اﻟﺮﺟﺎء‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﺑﻤﺤﺒﻮب ﰲ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
 ‫‪‬رْ َ‪ْُ‬نَ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬مِ‪ ْ‬وَا ‪‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫اﻟﺴ َﲈ ِء ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ ْاﺳ َﺘ ْﻐ َﻔ ْﺮﺗﻨِﻲ ﻏَ َﻔ ْﺮ ُت َﻟﻚ‪َ ،‬ﻳﺎ ا ْﺑ َﻦ آ َد َم‪ ،‬إﻧﱠﻚ َﻟ ْﻮ‬

‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫)‪(١‬‬
‫َﺎن ﱠ‬
‫َﻋﻨ َ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬
‫ُﴩ ُك ِﰊ َﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ‬‫ض َﺧ َﻄﺎ َﻳﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻟ ِﻘﻴﺘﻨِﻲ َﻻ ﺗ ْ ِ‬
‫اب ْاﻷَ ْر ِ‬ ‫(‬‫‪٣‬‬ ‫)‬
‫أ َﺗ ْﻴﺘﻨِﻲ ﺑِ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﲠﺎ َﻣﻐْﻔ َﺮ ًة«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ﱢ ْ‬ ‫َﻷَ َﺗ ْﻴﺘُﻚ ﺑِ ُﻘ َﺮ ِ َ‬
‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺻﺤ ٌ‬
‫ﺎب‪َ .‬و ِﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴ َﺤ ُ‬ ‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗ ْﻴ َﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ﱠ‬
‫َﺎن اﻟﺴﲈ ِء(‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ ا ْﻟﻌ ِ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫]) َﻋﻨ َ ﱠ َ‬
‫ﻋَﻦ َﻟ َﻚ ِﻣﻨ َْﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬أ ْي‪َ :‬ﻇ َﻬ َﺮ َﻟ َﻚ إِ َذا َر َﻓ ْﻌ َﺖ َر ْأ َﺳ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﴪ َﻫﺎ‪ُ ،‬ﻟ َﻐﺘَﺎن ُرو َي‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ض( ﺑِ َﻀ ﱢﻢ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺎف َوﻛ ْ ِ‬ ‫اب ْاﻷَ ْر ِ‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ‪ُ ) :‬ﻗ َﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻸ َﻫﺎ[‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎر ُب ِﻣ ْ َ‬ ‫اﻟﻀ ﱡﻢ َأ ْﺷ َﻬ ُﺮ‪َ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌﻨَﺎ ُه‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ُﻳ َﻘ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِﲠ َﲈ‪َ ،‬و ﱠ‬
‫ﲨﻌ ْﺖ َﻗﻮ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻋﺪَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻓ َﻬ َﺬا آﺧ ُﺮ َﻣﺎ َﻗ َﺼﺪْ ُﺗ ُﻪ ﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ َﻴﺎن ْاﻷَ َﺣﺎد ْﻳﺚ ا ﱠﻟﺘ ْﻲ َ َ َ‬
‫ﳛ َﴡ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْﻟ ُﻌ ُﻠ ْﻮ ِم ِﰲ ْاﻷُ ُﺻ ْﻮ ِل‪َ ،‬وا ْﻟ ُﻔ ُﺮ ْوعِ‪،‬‬ ‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم‪َ ،‬وﺗ ََﻀ ﱠﻤﻨ َْﺖ َﻣﺎ َﻻ ُ ْ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫اب‪َ ،‬و َﺳﺎﺋِ ِﺮ ْاﻷَ ْﺣﻜَﺎ ِم‪.‬‬ ‫َو ْاﻵ َد ِ‬
‫ﴩ ْﻳ َﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﲨَﺎ َدى ْاﻷُ ْو َﱃ‪،‬‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺳ َﻊ َوا ْﻟ ِﻌ ْ ِ‬ ‫ﺲ اﻟﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﳋ ِﻤ ْﻴ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﻓ َﺮ ْﻏ ُﺖ ﻣﻨْ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ا َ‬
‫اﳍﺠﺮ ِة اﻟﻨﱠﺒ ِﻮﻳ ِﺔ ﻋَ َﲆ ﺻ ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬ ‫َﺳﻨ ََﺔ َﺛ َﲈ ٍن َو ِﺳﺘ ْ َ‬
‫ﺎﺣﺒِ َﻬﺎ َأ ْﻓ َﻀ ُﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱢﲔ َو ُﺳﺘ ِﱡﲈﺋ ََﺔ ﻣ َﻦ ْ َ‬
‫اﻟﺼ َﻼ ِة َو َأﺗ ﱡَﻢ اﻟﺘ ْﱠﺴﻠِ ْﻴ ِﻢ‪.‬‬‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺳﺤﺎب اﻟﺴﲈء ﻟﻜﺜﺮﲥﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬ﺳﱰت ذﻧﺒﻚ وﲡﺎوزت ﻋﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫وﺣﺠﲈ‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎرب اﻷرض وزﻧًﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑا‪.‬‬
‫ﺻﻐﲑا ﻛﺎن اﻟﴩك أو ً‬
‫ً‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪:‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٣٥٤٠) :‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏﰲ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٢٧) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫َ َ ْ ُ ﱠ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ ُ ْ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﺐ‬
‫ﺎﻓﻆ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺭﺟ ٍ‬‫ﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟ ِﺘﻲ ﺯﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺤ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣ ِ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪‬رْ‪ْُَ‬نَ‬

‫اﷲ ﷺ‪َ » :‬أ ْ ِﳊ ُﻘﻮا‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﺎس ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ﱠﺒ ٍ‬‫ِ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻔ َﺮاﺋِ ُﺾ َﻓ ِ َ‬
‫ﻸ ْو َﱃ َر ُﺟ ٍﻞ َذﻛ ٍَﺮ«‪َ .‬ﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ‬ ‫ا ْﻟ َﻔﺮاﺋِ َﺾ ﺑِ َﺄﻫﻠِ َﻬﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﲈ َأﺑ َﻘ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬‫اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪‬رْ‪ْ ُَ‬نَ‬

‫ﺎﻋ ُﺔ ُﲢ ﱢَﺮ ُم َﻣﺎ ُﲢ ﱢَﺮ ُم‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺿ َ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ َﻋﺎﺋِ َﺸ َﺔ ‪ِ ،‬‬
‫ﻋَﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪ » :‬ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ )‪(٤‬‬
‫ا ْﻟ ِﻮ َﻻ َد ُة« ‪َ .‬ﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻹرث أﻗﺮب رﺟﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺼﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﻛﺄن ﻳﻤﻮت رﺟﻞ وﻳﱰك‬
‫ﺑﻨﺘًﺎ ً‬
‫وأﺧﺎ وﻋﲈ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻠﺒﻨﺖ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ‪ ،‬واﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﻟﻸخ ﻟﻘﺮﺑﻪ‪ ،‬وﻻ ﳾء ﻟﻠﻌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٦٧٣٢) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٦١٥) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﲢﺮم اﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ زوج اﳌﺮﺿﻌﺔ‪ ،‬وأﺧﺎ زوﺟﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وأﺧﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬وأﺧﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬وإن ﻋﻠﻮن‪ ،‬ﻛـ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﻻت اﳌﺮﺿﻌﺔ وﻋﲈﲥﺎ‪ ،‬وأﺧﻮاﳍﺎ وأﻋﲈﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﲈ ﳛﺮم أﺧﻮاﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ وإن‬
‫َﺳ ُﻔ ْﻠ َﻦ‪َ .‬ﻗﺎل اﻟﻨﱠﺎﻇﻢ‪:‬‬
‫َأﺟﺎﻧِـــــﺐ ﻣﺮ ِﺿـــــ ٍﻊ إِ َﻻ ﺑﻨِﻴـ ِ‬
‫ــــﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺿــﺎ َﻋﺔ ﺑِﺎﻧْﺘ َﺴ ٍ‬
‫ــﺎب‬ ‫َأ َﻗ ِ ِ‬
‫َ ْ‬ ‫ُ ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ــﺎر ُب ذي ﱢ‬
‫ْﺼــــﻴﺺ ﻓِﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺎرﺑــــﻪ و َﻻ َﲣ ِ‬ ‫ﺎر ُ َﲠـــــﺎ َﲨِ ْﻴ ًﻌـــــﺎ‬
‫َو ُﻣ ْﺮ ِﺿـــــ َﻌ ٌﺔ َأ َﻗ ِ‬
‫ــــﻪ‬ ‫َ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َأ َﻗ ِ ُ‬
‫)‪ (٤‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٣١٠٥) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٤٤٤) :‬‬
 ‫‪‬رْ َ‪ْُ‬نَ‬
‫ا‪ ُْ ِَ‬ا‪ ُِَ‬وَا ‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِَ‬وَا‪‬رْ‪ْُَ‬نَ‬

‫ﺎم ا ْﻟ َﻔﺘ ِْﺢ‬ ‫اﷲ ‪َ ،‬أﻧﻪ ﺳ ِﻤﻊ رﺳ َ ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ﺟﺎﺑِ ِﺮ ﺑ ِﻦ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ ﷺ ﻋَ َ‬ ‫ﱠُ َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫ْ َ ْ َْ‬
‫اﳋ ْﻤ ِﺮ‪َ ،‬وا َﳌ ْﻴﺘ َِﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻮل‪» :‬إِ ﱠن اﷲَ َو َر ُﺳﻮ َﻟ ُﻪ َﺣ ﱠﺮ َم َﺑ ْﻴ َﻊ َ‬ ‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﺑِ َﻤﻜ َﱠﺔ َﻳ ُﻘ ُ‬
‫ﻮم ا َﳌ ْﻴﺘ َِﺔ؟‬ ‫اﳋﻨ ِْﺰﻳ ِﺮ‪ ،‬و ْاﻷَﺻﻨَﺎ ِم«‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻘ َﻴﻞ‪ :‬ﻳﺎ رﺳ َ ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲ‪َ ،‬أ َر َأ ْﻳ َﺖ ُﺷ ُﺤ َ‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫َ َ ْ‬
‫و ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ﱠﺎس‪،‬‬ ‫اﳉ ُﻠﻮ ُد‪َ ،‬و َﻳ ْﺴﺘ َْﺼﺒِ ُﺢ ِ َﲠﺎ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫َﻓﺈِ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻳ ْﻄ َﲆ ِ َﲠﺎ ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺴ ُﻔ ُﻦ‪َ ،‬و ُﻳﺪْ َﻫ ُﻦ ِ َﲠﺎ ْ ُ‬
‫اﷲ ﷺ ِﻋﻨْﺪَ َذﻟِ َﻚ‪َ » :‬ﻗﺎﺗ ََﻞ ا ُ‬
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ‪ُ ،‬ﻫ َﻮ َﺣ َﺮ ٌام«‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﻗ َﺎل َر ُﺳ ُ‬
‫ﺎﻋﻮ ُه‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ َﻛ ُﻠﻮا‬ ‫ﻮم‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﺄ ْ َ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﲨ ُﻠﻮ ُه ‪ُ ،‬ﺛ ﱠﻢ َﺑ ُ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ ُﺤ َ‬‫ا ْﻟ َﻴ ُﻬﻮ َد! إِ ﱠن اﷲَ َﺣ ﱠﺮ َم َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻬﻢ ُ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫َﺛ َﻤﻨَ ُﻪ«‪َ .‬ﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪‬دِسُ وَا‪‬رْ‪ْُَ‬نَ‬

‫اﻷ ْﺷ َﻌ ِﺮ ﱢي ‪َ ، ‬أ ﱠن اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ﷺ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﻮﺳﻰ ْ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻋَ ْﻦ َأ ِﰊ ُﺑ ْﺮ َد َة ﻋَ ْﻦ َأﺑِﻴﻪ َأ ِﰊ ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﴍ َﺑ ٍﺔ ﺗ ُْﺼﻨ َُﻊ ِ َﲠﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬و َﻣﺎ ِﻫ َﻲ؟«‪َ ،‬ﻗ َﺎل‪:‬‬ ‫َﺑ َﻌ َﺜ ُﻪ إِ َﱃ ا ْﻟ َﻴ َﻤ ِﻦ َﻓ َﺴ َﺄ َﻟ ُﻪ ْ‬
‫ﻋَﻦ َأ ْ ِ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬أذاﺑﻮه‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٢٣٦) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(١٥٨١) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﻫﻮ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ اﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ اﻷﺷﻌﺮي اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪه اﺑﻦ اﳌﺪﻳﻨﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎة‬
‫ﻣﺰﻣﺎرا ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰاﻣﲑ آل داود‪ ،‬وﱄ زﺑﻴﺪ وﻋﺪن ﻟﻠﻨﺒﻲ ﷺ‪ ،‬واﻟﻜﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫ً‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬أوﰐ‬
‫واﻟﺒﴫة ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن ﻣﻦ أﺟﻼء اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ وﻓﻀﻼﺋﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺤﺖ أﺻﺒﻬﺎن وﺗﺴﱰ‬
‫وﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﲆ ﻳﺪه‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﺎﺑﺔ أﻃﻴﺐ ﺻﻮﺗًﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا ْﻟﺒِﺘ ُْﻊ َواﳌِﺰْ ُر؟ ‪َ -‬ﻓ ِﻘ َﻴﻞ ِﻷَ ِﰊ ُﺑ ْﺮ َدةَ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ا ْﻟﺒِﺘ ُْﻊ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪ :‬ﻧَﺒِ ُ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻴﺬ ا ْﻟ َﻌ َﺴ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫اﻟﺸ ِﻌ ِﲑ‪َ -‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪» :‬ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ُﻣ ْﺴﻜِ ٍﺮ)‪َ (٢‬ﺣ َﺮ ٌام«‪َ .‬ﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪،‬‬ ‫ﻴﺬ ﱠ‬‫َواﳌِﺰْ ُر‪ :‬ﻧَﺒِ ُ‬
‫َو ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪‬رْ‪ْ ُَ‬نَ‬

‫اﷲ ﷺ‬ ‫ﻮل ِ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ اﳌ ِ ْﻘﺪَ ا ِم ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ ِﺪي َﻛ ِﺮ َب ‪َ (٤)‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ َر ُﺳ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ آ َد َم ُأﻛ َُﻼ ٌت‬‫ﺎء)‪َ (٥‬ﴍا ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺑ ْﻄ ٍﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑِ َﺤ ْﺴ ِ‬ ‫ﻮل‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﻣ َ َ ِ‬
‫ﻸ آ َدﻣ ﱞﻲ ِو َﻋ ً‬ ‫َﻳ ُﻘ ُ َ َ‬
‫ﴩاﺑِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺚ ﻟِ َﻄﻌ ِﺎﻣ ِﻪ‪ ،‬و ُﺛ ُﻠ ٌ ِ‬ ‫ُﻳ ِﻘ ْﻤ َﻦ ُﺻ ْﻠ َﺒ ُﻪ ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺈِ ْن ﻛ َ‬
‫(‬ ‫‪٨‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬‫‪٧‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫(‬‫‪٦‬‬ ‫)‬
‫ﺚ ﻟََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺎن َﻻ َﳏَﺎ َﻟ َﺔ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُﺜ ُﻠ ٌ‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﻨﺒﻴﺬ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﴍاب ﻣﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﲑ اﻟﻌﻨﺐ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺘﻤﺮ‪ ،‬أو اﻟﺸﻌﲑ‪ ،‬أو ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)اﻟﺴﻜَﺮ( ﺑﻔﺘﺢ اﻟﺴﲔ‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬اﳌﺨﻤﻮر‪ .‬واﳌﺴﻜﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﲆ وزن )ﻣﻔﻌﻞ(‪ ،‬ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ ﻣﻦ ﱠ‬
‫واﻟﻜﺎف‪ ،‬وﻫﻮ ﻏﻴﺒﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﻞ واﺧﺘﻼﻃﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﴩوب‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٣٠٣٨) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١٧٣٣) :‬ﺑﻌﺪ رﻗﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﴩا َو َﻻ‬ ‫)‪(٢٠٠١‬ـ ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪َ :‬ﺑ َﻌ َﺜ ُﻪ َو ُﻣ َﻌﺎ ًذا إ َﱃ ا ْﻟ َﻴ َﻤ ِﻦ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻳ ﱢ َ‬
‫ﴪا َو َﻻ ُﺗ َﻌ ﱢ َ‬
‫ﴪا‪َ ،‬و َﺑ ﱢ َ‬
‫ُﺗﻨَ ﱢﻔ َﺮا‪َ ،‬و َﺗ َﻄ َﺎو َﻋﺎ َو َﻻ َ ْﲣﺘَﻠِ َﻔﺎ«‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪﻳﻜﺮب ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮو ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺪي اﳊﺎرث‪ .‬ﻧﺰل اﻟﺸﺎم‪ ،‬وﺳﻜﻦ‬
‫ﲪﺺ‪ .‬ﻣﺎت ﺳﻨﺔ ٍ‬
‫ﺛﲈن وﺛﲈﻧﲔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﻟﻈﺮف ﻳﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﴚء‪ ،‬وﲨﻌﻪ )أوﻋﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪َ :‬ﻋ ْﻈ َﻢ ﻇﻬﺮه‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ :‬ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٨‬واﻟﺜﻠﺚ‪ :‬ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﴚء‪.‬‬
 ‫‪‬رْ َ‪ْُ‬نَ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا ‪‬‬
‫ا‪ُ ْ ِَ‬‬

‫واﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪َ ،‬واﻟﻨ َﱠﺴﺎﺋِ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬وا ْﺑ ُﻦ‬

‫ﺎم َأ ْﲪَﺪُ ‪ ،‬ﱢ ْ‬ ‫ﺚ ﻟِ َﻨ َﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ«‪َ .‬ر َوا ُه ْ ِ‬
‫اﻹ َﻣ ُ‬ ‫َو ُﺛ ُﻠ ٌ‬
‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪َ :‬ﺣ ِﺪ ٌ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬
‫ﻳﺚ َﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ْﻪ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل ﱢ ْ‬
‫َﻣ َ‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪‬رْ‪ْُَ‬نَ‬

‫اﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ َﻋ ْﻤ ٍﺮو ‪ ،‬ﻋَ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬أ ْر َﺑ ٌﻊ َﻣ ْﻦ ﻛ ﱠُﻦ‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫ْ َْ‬
‫َﺖ ﻓِﻴﻪِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺖ َﺧ ْﺼ َﻠ ٌﺔ ﻣﻨ ُْﻬ ﱠﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺎن ُﻣﻨَﺎﻓ ًﻘﺎ َﺧﺎﻟ ًﺼﺎ‪َ ،‬وإِ ْن ﻛَﺎﻧ ْ‬ ‫ﻓِ ِﻴﻪ ﻛ َ‬
‫)‪(٤‬‬ ‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺎق َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻳﺪَ َﻋ َﻬﺎ ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ إِ َذا َﺣﺪﱠ َث ﻛ ََﺬ َب‪ ،‬وإِ َذا‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬
‫َﺧ ْﺼ َﻠ ٌﺔ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨﱢ َﻔ ِ‬
‫)‪(٨‬‬ ‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫)‪(٦‬‬ ‫)‪(٥‬‬
‫ﺎﻫﺪَ ﻏَ ﺪَ َر «‪َ .‬ﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺎﺻ َﻢ َﻓ َﺠ َﺮ ‪َ ،‬وإِ َذا َﻋ َ‬ ‫ﻒ‪ ،‬وإ َذا َﺧ َ‬ ‫َو َﻋﺪَ َأ ْﺧ َﻠ َ‬
‫ﺎر ﱡي‪َ ،‬و ُﻣ ْﺴﻠِ ٌﻢ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟ ُﺒ َﺨ ِ‬
‫)‪(٩‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬ﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﱰﻏﻴﺐ واﻟﱰﻫﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٢١٣٥) :‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬اﻟﻨﻔﺎق‪ :‬ﻫﻮ إﺧﻔﺎء اﻟﻜﻔﺮ وإﻇﻬﺎر اﻹﻳﲈن‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫وﻗﺎل اﳉﺮﺟﺎﲏ ‪ :‬إﻇﻬﺎر اﻹﻳﲈن ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺴﺎن‪ ،‬وﻛﺘﲈن اﻟﻜﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﺐ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﻳﱰﻛﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻠﻢ وأﺧﱪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﺟﺎدل‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﺎل ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻮاب‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬أي‪ :‬أﻋﻄﻰ ﻋﻬﺪً ا‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫)‪ (٨‬أي‪ :‬ﺧﺎن وﻧﻘﺾ ﻋﻬﺪه‪ ،‬وﱂ ﻳﻒ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٩‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﺒﺨﺎري‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٣٤) :‬وﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٥٨) :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ ُِ‬وَا‪‬رْ‪ْ ُَ‬نَ‬

‫ﺎب ‪ ،‬ﻋَ ِﻦ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱢﻲ ﷺ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻟ ْﻮ َأ ﱠﻧﻜ ُْﻢ‬ ‫اﳋ ﱠﻄ ِ‬‫ﻋَﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ ْﺑ ِﻦ َ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫)‪(٢‬‬ ‫ِ ِ )‪(١‬‬ ‫ﺗَﻮﻛ ُﻠﻮن ﻋ َﲆ ِ‬
‫اﷲ َﺣ ﱠﻖ ﺗ ََﻮﻛﱡﻠﻪ َﻟ َﺮزَ َﻗﻜ ُْﻢ ﻛ ََﲈ َﻳ ْﺮزُ ُق اﻟ ﱠﻄ ْ َﲑ‪َ ،‬ﺗ ْﻐﺪُ و‬ ‫َ ﱠ َ َ‬
‫اﻟﱰ ِﻣ ِﺬ ﱡي‪،‬‬ ‫وح)‪ (٤‬ﺑِ َﻄﺎﻧًﺎ)‪َ .«(٥‬ر َوا ُه ْ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‪(٣‬‬
‫ﺎم َأ ْﲪَﺪُ ‪َ ،‬و ﱢ ْ‬ ‫اﻹ َﻣ ُ‬ ‫َﺎﺻﺎ ‪َ ،‬وﺗ َُﺮ ُ‬ ‫ﲬ ً‬
‫اﳊَﺎﻛِ ُﻢ‪َ ،‬و َﻗ َﺎل‬‫ﺎن ِ ْﰲ ‪َ ‬ﺻ ِﺤ ْﻴ ِﺤ ِﻪ‪َ ،‬و ْ‬ ‫ﺎﺟ ْﻪ‪َ ،‬وا ْﺑ ُﻦ ِﺣ ﱠﺒ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َواﻟﻨ َﱠﺴﺎﺋ ﱡﻲ‪َ ،‬وا ْﺑ ُﻦ َﻣ َ‬
‫)‪(٦‬‬
‫ﻴﺢ ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱢ ِِ‬
‫اﻟﱰﻣﺬ ﱡي‪َ :‬ﺣ َﺴ ٌﻦ َﺻﺤ ٌ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ا‪ ُْِَ‬ا‪ْُْَ‬نَ‬
‫ﴪ ‪َ ‬ﻗ َﺎل‪َ :‬أﺗَﻰ اﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱠﻲ ﷺ ٌ‬
‫رﺟﻞ‪َ ،‬ﻓ َﻘ َﺎل‪:‬‬
‫)‪(٧‬‬ ‫ﻋَﻦ ﻋﺒ ِﺪ ِ‬
‫اﷲ ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﺑ ْ ٍ‬ ‫ْ َْ‬
‫اﻹﺳ َﻼ ِم َﻗﺪْ َﻛ ُﺜﺮ ْت ﻋَ َﻠﻴﻨَﺎ‪َ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎب َﻧﺘَﻤﺴ ُﻚ ﺑِﻪِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْ َ ٌ َ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﴍاﺋ َﻊ ْ ِ ْ‬ ‫ﻮل اﷲ! إ ﱠن َ َ‬ ‫َﻳﺎ َر ُﺳ َ‬
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬اﻟﺘﻮﻛﻞ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﺻﺪق اﻋﺘﲈد اﻟﻘﻠﺐ ﻋﲆ اﷲ ﰲ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ‪ ،‬ودﻓﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻳﴬ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺜﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬وﻓﻌﻞ اﻷﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﺬﻫﺐ وﺗﴪح‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٣‬أي‪ :‬ﺿﺎﻣﺮة ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٤‬أي‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻮد إﱃ ﻣﻨﺰﳍﺎ ﰲ اﻟﻌﴚ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٥‬أي‪ :‬ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﳑﺎ ﻛُﺘﺐ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮزق‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٦‬ﺳﻨﻦ اﻟﱰﻣﺬي‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٢٣٤٤) :‬ﻗﺎل اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﲆ ﴍط ﻣﺴﻠﻢ‪ .‬وذﻛﺮه اﻟﻮادﻋﻲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﳌﺴﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٩٨٦) :‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬أﺑﻮ ﺻﻔﻮان‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٧‬وﻫﻮ‪ :‬اﺑﻦ أﰊ ﺑﴪ اﳌﺎزﲏ اﻟﻘﻴﴘ‪ ،‬اﳊﻤﴢ‪ ،‬ﱡ‬
‫وﻗﻴﻞ‪ :‬أﺑﻮ ﺑﴪ‪ ،‬ﻏﺰا ﻗﱪص ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎوﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎت وﻫﻮ ﻳﺘﻮﺿﺄ ﻓﺠﺄة‪ ،‬وﻛﺎن أﺛﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺠﻮد ﰲ ﺟﺒﻬﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻨًﺎ‪.‬‬
 ‫ا‪ ُْ ِَ‬ا‪ْُْ َ‬نَ‬

‫ُﻚ ر ْﻃﺒﺎ ِﻣﻦ ِذﻛ ِْﺮ ِ‬

‫اﷲ ‪َ .« ‬ﺧ ﱠﺮ َﺟ ُﻪ‬
‫)‪(١‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َﺟﺎﻣ ٌﻊ؟ َﻗ َﺎل‪َ » :‬ﻻ َﻳﺰَ ُال ﻟ َﺴﺎﻧ َ َ ً ْ‬
‫ِ )‪(٢‬‬
‫ﻆ ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲪﺪُ ِ َﲠ َﺬا اﻟ ﱠﻠ ْﻔ‬
‫ﺎم َأ ْ َ‬ ‫ِْ‬
‫اﻹ َﻣ ُ‬

‫‪d‬‬

‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ‬
‫)‪ (١‬أي‪ :‬أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ذﻛﺮ اﷲ ‪ ‬ﰲ ﺣ ﱢﻠﻚ وﺗﺮﺣﺎﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﴩط أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﳑﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﰲ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب‬
‫أو اﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻻﺳﺘﻐﻔﺎر‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﻬﻠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﺪ‪ ،‬واﻟﺘﺴﺒﻴﺢ‪ ،‬واﳊﻮﻗﻠﺔ‪ ،‬وﻧﺤﻮﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ (٢‬ﻣﺴﻨﺪ اﻹﻣﺎم أﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(١٧٦٨٠) :‬وﺻﺤﺤﻪ اﻷﻟﺒﺎﲏ ﰲ ﲣﺮﳚﻪ ‪‬اﻟﻜﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻴﺐ‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪ ،(٣) :‬ﺑﻠﻔﻆ‪» :‬ﻓﺄﺧﱪﲏ ﺑﴚء أﺗﺸﺒﺚ ﺑِ ِﻪ«‪َ ،‬و َذﻛ ََﺮ ُه اﻟﻮادﻋﻲ ﰲ‬
‫‪‬اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﳌﺴﻨﺪ ﳑﺎ ﻟﻴﺲ ﰲ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻗﻢ‪.(٥٥٨) :‬‬
‫وﻫﺬا آﺧﺮ ﻣﺎ أردﻧﺎ إﻣﻼ َء ُه‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﷲ أﺳﺄل أن ﻳﺘَﻘ ﱠﺒﻞ ﻣﻨﱠﺎ‪ ،‬وأن ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻋﻨﱠﺎ ﺳ ﱢﻴﺌﺎﺗﻨﺎ‪،‬‬
‫رب اﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬وﺻﲆ‬
‫وأن ﻳﻐﻔﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﴎﻳﺮﺗﻨﺎ‪ ،‬إﻧﱠﻪ وﱄ ذﻟﻚ واﻟﻘﺎدر ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬واﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﱢ‬
‫اﷲ ﻋﲆ ﻧﺒ ﱢﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ وآﻟﻪ وﺻﺤﺒﻪ وﺳ ﱠﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ا‪َََْُ‬تُ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ أﰊ ﻋﲈر ﻳﺎﴎ اﻟﻌﺪﲏ ‪٥ ................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﱢ ﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﱠﺤﻘﻴﻖ ‪٦ ................................................................‬‬
‫ﺻﻮرة اﳌﺨﻄﻮﻃﺔ ‪٩ ..............................................................‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﱢ ﻣﺔ اﳌﺆﻟﻒ ‪١٢ ...............................................................‬‬
‫اﳊ ِﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻷَ ﱠو ُل )إﻧﱠﲈ اﻷَ ْﻋ َﲈ ُل ﺑﺎﻟ ﱢﻨ ﱠﻴﺎت( ‪١٦ .........................................‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻮس( ‪١٧ ...........................................‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِﺎﲏ ) َﺑ ْﻴﻨَﲈ ﻧَﺤ ُﻦ ُﺟ ُﻠ ٌ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻋﲆ َﲬ ٍ‬ ‫اﻹﺳ َﻼ ُم َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﺲ( ‪٢٠ .....................................‬‬ ‫ﻨﻲ ْ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟﺚ ) ُﺑ َ‬
‫إن َأﺣﺪَ ﻛُﻢ ُﳚ َﻤ ُﻊ َﺧ ْﻠﻘ ُﻪ( ‪٢١ ......................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑِ ُﻊ ) ﱠ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ث ﰲ َأ ْﻣﺮﻧَﺎ َﻫ َﺬا( ‪٢٢ ...................................‬‬ ‫اﳋَﺎﻣ ُﺲ ) َﻣ ْﻦ َأﺣﺪَ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﲔ‪ ،‬ﱠ‬ ‫ﳊ َﻼ َل َﺑ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎد ُس ) ﱠ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﲔ( ‪٢٣ ............................‬‬ ‫ﳊ َﺮا َم َﺑ ﱢ ٌ‬ ‫وإن ا َ‬ ‫إن ا َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺼﻴﺤ ُﺔ( ‪٢٤ ............................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ ُﻊ )اﻟﺪﱢ ْﻳ ُﻦ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬
‫ﻣﺮ ُت َأ ْن ُأ َﻗ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس( ‪٢٦ ......................................‬‬ ‫ﺎﺗﻞ اﻟﻨ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻣﻦ ) ُأ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺎﺟﺘَﻨ ُﺒﻮ ُه( ‪٢٦ .....................................‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟﺘﱠﺎﺳ ُﻊ ) َﻣﺎ َﳖ ْﻴ ُﺘﻜ ُْﻢ ﻋَ ﻨْ ُﻪ َﻓ ْ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﺐ َﻻ َﻳ ْﻘ َﺒ ُﻞ ﱠإﻻ َﻃ ﱢﻴ ًﺒﺎ( ‪٢٧ ...............................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫إن اﷲَ َﻃ ﱢﻴ ٌ‬ ‫ﺎﴍ ) ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ا ْﻟ َﻌ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﴩ ) َد ْع َﻣﺎ َﻳ ِﺮﻳ ُﺒ َﻚ إِ َﱃ َﻣﺎ ﻻ َﻳ ِﺮﻳ ُﺒﻚ( ‪٢٨ ..........................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ْ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫اﳊَﺎد ْي ﻋَ َ َ‬
‫ﺳﻼ ِم ا َﳌ ْﺮ ِء( ‪٢٩ ...................................‬‬ ‫ﴩ ) ِﻣﻦ ُﺣ ْﺴ ِﻦ َ‬ ‫ﺎﲏ ﻋَ َ َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْ‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻷﺧﻴﻪ( ‪٢٩ .....................‬‬ ‫ﴩ ) َﻻ ُﻳﺆْ ﻣ ُﻦ َأ َﺣﺪَ ﻛُﻢ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ ُﳛ ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟ ُﺚ ﻋَ َ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻣﺮ ٍئ ُﻣﺴﻠ ٍﻢ( ‪٣٠ .................................‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑِ ُﻊ ﻋَ َﴩ )ﻻ َﳛ ﱡﻞ َد ُم ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫َﺎن ﻳﺆْ ِﻣﻦ ﺑِﺎﷲِ واﻟﻴﻮ ِم ِ‬
‫اﻵﺧ ِﺮ( ‪٣٠ .....................‬‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ْ ِ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫ﴩ ) َﻣﻦ ﻛ َ ُ ُ‬ ‫اﳋَﺎﻣ ُﺲ ﻋَ َ َ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﺐ( ‪٣١ ..........................................‬‬ ‫ﴩ ) َﻻ َﺗﻐ َْﻀ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎد ُس ﻋَ َ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
 ‫ا‪َََْُ‬تُ‬

‫ﺎن َﻋ َﲆ ﻛ ﱢَﻞ َﳾ ٍء( ‪٣٢ ....................‬‬ ‫اﻹﺣ َﺴ َ‬ ‫َﺐ ْ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ ُﻊ ﻋَ َﴩ )إِ ﱠن اﷲَ َﻛﺘ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫َﴩ )اﺗ ِﱠﻖ اﷲَ َﺣﻴ ُﺜ َﲈ ُﻛﻨ َْﺖ(‪٣٣ .....................................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُ ََ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ‫ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﺜ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺚ‬ ‫ﻳ‬‫اﳊ ْ‬
‫ﺪ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﱠﺎﺳﻊ ﻋَ َﴩ )إِ ﱢﲏ ُأ َﻋ ﱢﻠﻤ َﻚ ﻛَﻠِﲈ ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫ت( ‪٣٤ ....................................‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟﺘ ُ َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس( ‪٣٦ .......................................‬‬ ‫در َك اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫ﴩ ْو َن )إِ ﱠن ﳑﱠﺎ َأ َ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬
‫اﻹ ْﺳ َﻼ ِم َﻗ ْﻮ ًﻻ( ‪٣٦ ..........................‬‬ ‫ﴩ ْون ) ُﻗ ْﻞ ِﱄ ِﰲ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ْ ِ‬
‫اﳊﺎد ْي َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﺖ إِ َذا َﺻ ﱠﻠ ُ‬ ‫ﴩ ْو َن ) َأ َر َأ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﻴﺖ اﳌَ ْﻜﺘُﻮ َﺑﺎت( ‪٣٧ ......................‬‬ ‫ﺎﲏ َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر َﺷ ْﻄ ُﺮ اﻹ َﻳﲈن( ‪٣٨ ............................‬‬ ‫ﴩ ْو َن )اﻟ ﱡﻄ ُﻬ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟ ُﺚ َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻠﻢ( ‪٤٠ .....................‬‬ ‫ﴩ ْو َن ) َﻳﺎ ﻋ َﺒﺎدي! إ ﱢﲏ َﺣ ﱠﺮ ْﻣ ُﺖ اﻟ ﱡﻈ َ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑ ُﻊ َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﻮر ﺑِﺎﻷُ ُﺟ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ اﻟﺪﱡ ُﺛ ِ‬ ‫ﺐ َأ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮر( ‪٤٣ ....................‬‬ ‫ﴩ ْو َن ) َذ َﻫ َ‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻣ ُﺲ َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴩ ْو َن )ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ُﺳ َﻼ َﻣﻰ ﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨ ِ‬
‫ﱠﺎس َﻋ َﻠ ْﻴﻪ(‪٤٤ ....................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎد ُس َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﱪ ُﺣ ْﺴ ُﻦ اﳋُ ُﻠﻖ( ‪٤٥ ................................‬‬ ‫ﴩ ْو َن ) ِ ﱡ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ ُﻊ َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﴩ ْو َن ) َو َﻋ َﻈﻨَﺎ َر ُﺳ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮل اﷲِ(‪٤٦ ................................‬‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻣ ُﻦ َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﳉﻨﱠﺔ( ‪٤٨ .....................‬‬ ‫ﱪﲏ ﺑِ َﻌ َﻤ ٍﻞ ُﻳﺪﺧ ُﻠﻨﻲ ا َ‬ ‫ﴩ ْو َن ) َأ ْﺧ ِ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟﺘﱠﺎﺳ ُﻊ َوا ْﻟﻌ ْ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن )إِ ﱠن اﷲَ َﺗ َﻌ َﺎﱃ َﻓ َﺮ َض َﻓ َﺮاﺋ َﺾ( ‪٥٠ ................................‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن ) ُد ﱠﻟﻨِﻲ َﻋ َﲆ َﻋ َﻤ ٍﻞ إِ َذا ﻋ َِﻤ ْﻠ َﺘ ُﻪ( ‪٥١ ........................‬‬ ‫ﺎد ْي َواﻟ ﱠﺜ َ‬ ‫اﳊ ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ْ َ‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﴐار(‪٥٢ ................................‬‬ ‫ﴐ َر َو َﻻ َ‬ ‫ﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن ) َﻻ َ َ‬ ‫ﺎﲏ َواﻟ ﱠﺜ َ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْ‬ ‫ْ‬
‫ﱠﺎس ﺑِﺪَ ﻋْ َﻮ ُاﻫﻢ( ‪٥٣ ........................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟ ُﺚ َواﻟ ﱠﺜﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن ) َﻟﻮ ُﻳ ْﻌ َﻄﻰ اﻟﻨ ُ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑِ ُﻊ َواﻟ ﱠﺜﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن ) َﻣ ْﻦ َر َأى ﻣ ْﻨﻜ ُْﻢ ُﻣﻨﻜ ًَﺮا( ‪٥٣ .............................‬‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ْ ِ‬
‫َﺎﺟ ُﺸﻮا(‪٥٤ .......................‬‬ ‫وﻻ َﺗﻨ َ‬ ‫َﺎﺳﺪُ وا‪َ ،‬‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻣ ُﺲ َواﻟ ﱠﺜﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن ) َﻻ َﲢ َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن ) َﻣ ْﻦ َﻧ ﱠﻔ َﺲ َﻋ ْﻦ ُﻣﺆْ ﻣﻦ( ‪٥٥ ............................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎد ُس َواﻟ ﱠﺜ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬
‫ﻼ ُﺛﻮ َن )إِ ﱠن اﷲَ َﻛﺘَﺐ اﳊﺴﻨ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫َﺎت( ‪٥٦ ............................‬‬ ‫َ ََ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ ُﻊ َواﻟ ﱠﺜ َ ْ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن ) َﻣ ْﻦ ﻋَﺎ َدى ِﱄ َوﻟِﻴﺎ( ‪٥٧ .................................‬‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِﺎﻣ ُﻦ َواﻟ ﱠﺜ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫‪ ‬ا‪‬ر‪ ‬ا‪‬و‪‬‬

‫ﺎوزَ ِﱄ َﻋ ْﻦ ُأ ﱠﻣﺘِﻲ( ‪٥٨ .........................‬‬

‫ﻼ ُﺛ ْﻮ َن )إِ ﱠن اﷲَ َ َﲡ َ‬ ‫ﱠﺎﺳ ُﻊ َواﻟ ﱠﺜ َ‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ اﻟﺘ ِ‬
‫َْ ْ‬
‫ﻳﺐ( ‪٥٩ ...............................‬‬ ‫ﱠﻚ َﻏ ِﺮ ٌ‬‫اﳊ ِﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻷَ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن ) ُﻛ ْﻦ ِﰲ اﻟﺪﱡ ْﻧ َﻴﺎ ﻛ ََﺄﻧ َ‬
‫َْ‬
‫ﺎدي واﻷَرﺑﻌﻮ َن ) َﻻ ﻳ ِ‬
‫ﺆﻣ ُﻦ َأ َﺣﺪَ ﻛ ُْﻢ َﺣﺘﱠﻰ َﻳﻜُ َ‬ ‫اﳊ ِﺪﻳ ُﺚ ْ ِ‬
‫ﻮن( ‪٦٠ ....................‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫اﳊ ْ َ ْ َ ُ ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َْ ْ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺎﲏ َواﻷ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن ) َﻳﺎ ا ْﺑ َﻦ آ َد َم إﻧ َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫ﱠﻚ َﻣﺎ َدﻋ َْﻮﺗَﻨﻲ( ‪٦٠ ........................‬‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ْ‬
‫ﺐ ‪٦٢ .........................................‬‬ ‫اﳊﺎﻓِ ُﻆ ا ْﺑ ُﻦ َر َﺟ ٍ‬ ‫ﺚ ا ﱠﻟﺘِ ْﻲ َزا َد َﻫﺎ َ‬ ‫اﻷَﺣ ِ‬
‫ﺎد ْﻳ ُ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﳊ ِﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜﺎﻟ ِ ُﺚ َواﻷَ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن ) َأ ِْﳊ ُﻘﻮا اﻟ َﻔ َﺮ ِاﺋ َﺾ ﺑِ َﺄ ْﻫﻠِ َﻬﺎ( ‪٦٢ .........................‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ْ ِ‬
‫اﻟﺮ َﺿﺎ َﻋ ُﺔ ُﲢ ﱢَﺮم( ‪٦٢ ...................................‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑِ ُﻊ َواﻷَ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن ) ﱠ‬ ‫اﳊَﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬
‫ور ُﺳﻮ ُﻟ ُﻪ َﺣ ﱠﺮ َم َﺑ ْﻴ َﻊ( ‪٦٣ .......................‬‬ ‫ﺎﻣ ُﺲ َواﻷَ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮن ) ﱠ‬ ‫اﳋ ِ‬ ‫ْ ِ‬
‫إن اﷲَ َ‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ْ َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎد ُس َواﻷَ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن )ﻛ ﱡُﻞ ُﻣ ْﺴﻜ ٍﺮ َﺣ َﺮا ٌم( ‪٦٣ ..............................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﻸ آ َدﻣ ﱞﻲ ِوﻋَﺎ ًء(‪٦٤ ...............................‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑِ ُﻊ َواﻷَ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن ) َﻣﺎ َﻣ َ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ﱠ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﳊَ ِﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟ ﱠﺜ ِﺎﻣ ُﻦ َواﻷَ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن ) َأ ْر َﺑ ٌﻊ َﻣ ْﻦ ُﻛ ﱠﻦ ﻓِ ْﻴ ِﻪ ( ‪٦٥ ................................‬‬ ‫ْ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ اﻟﺘﱠﺎﺳ ُﻊ َواﻷ ْر َﺑ ُﻌ ْﻮ َن ) َﻟ ْﻮ َأ ﱠﻧﻜ ُْﻢ ﺗ ََﻮ ﱠﻛ ُﻠ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻮن( ‪٦٦ ................................‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِ‬
‫اﳋ ْﻤ ُﺴ ْﻮ َن ) َﻻ َﻳﺰَ ُال ﻟ َﺴﺎﻧ َ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ُﻚ( ‪٦٦ ..........................................‬‬ ‫اﳊﺪ ْﻳ ُﺚ ْ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ﺎت ‪٦٨ ...................................................................‬‬ ‫ا ُﳌ ْﺤ َﺘ َﻮ َﻳ ُ‬

‫‪d‬‬