Simple present

1. The logical reasoning as a basis of all human knowledge is of course present in every kind
of science as well as in philosophy.

2. "The innermost sciences, Logic and Mathematics, are the most fundamental ones and the
ones with the highest degree of certainty."

3. "It is crucial to understand that the Logic of science is recursive."

4. "As soon as a piece of equipment or method is designed and used as a tool for testing new
hypotheses, it is supposed that it works according to the design specification."

5 ."Critics of the hypothetico-deductive method would argue that there is in fact no such
thing as 'the scientific method'."

6. "The question of impartiality is closely related to openness and universality of science,

which are its fundamental qualities."

7. "A theory is accepted based in the first place on the results obtained through logical
reasoning, observations and/or experiments."

8. "If the original claims are not verified, the causes of such discrepancies are exhaustively
studied."

9. "All scientific truths are provisional."

10. "In the fields where there are no commonly accepted theories, the number of alternative
hypotheses can constitute the body of scientific knowledge."
Simple present continues
1. "Computer modeling and simulation as specific methods for this discipline are
developing, applied not only to computers, but also to other scientific, commercial
and artistic fields."
2. "Scientists will conduct computer experiments in addition to conducting in-person
testing."
3. "The logical reasoning as a basis of all human knowledge is of course present in every
kind of science as well as in philosophy."
4. The structure of Figure 1 can be analogized to looking into a microscope, where the
highest resolution reveals the innermost region. Within this central region, Logic
serves not only as a tool for making conclusions but also as the object of investigation
itself. While significant portions of Mathematics can be theoretically reduced to
Logic, complete reduction is deemed impossible. As we zoom out, each inner region
serves as a prerequisite for the outer ones.
5. Physics utilizes Mathematics and Logic as tools without delving into their internal
structure. Consequently, the deeper structure of Mathematics and Logic remains
obscured when viewed from the outside. Similarly, Physics serves as a prerequisite
for Chemistry, which, in turn, forms a hidden level within Biology, and so forth.
6. The fundamental concept behind Figure 1 is to illustrate, in a schematic manner, the
relationship between the three primary groups of sciences (Logic & Mathematics,
Natural Sciences, and Social Sciences), as well as their connections to thought
systems represented by the Humanities.
7. Ultimately, the entirety of human knowledge, whether scientific or speculative, is
deeply immersed in and influenced by the cultural environment.
8. Situate the question within the context of existing knowledge (theory & observations).
This could involve either posing a new question that existing theories can address
(typically the case), or formulating a question necessitating the development of a new
theory.
9. Develop a tentative answer to the posed question.
10. Derive logical implications from the hypothesis and make predictions based on them.
Simple past
1. The simple past tense continuation:
2. "The fourth definition of Computer Science reflects the intricate engineering
challenges encountered in managing the construction of complex software-hardware
systems. According to [9], Computer Science evolved through different research
paradigms over the years, transitioning from empirical to mathematical to
engineering-oriented approaches. This diversity in research paradigms has contributed
to varying opinions regarding the nature of Computer Science research.
3. Fundamentally, the underlying question in all computing endeavors is: 'What can be
(efficiently) automated?' Computer Science, as a field of study, encompasses both
theoretical and applied disciplines involved in the development and utilization of
computers for information storage and processing. It draws from Mathematics, Logic,
and various other areas.
4. The discipline of Computer Science emerged in the 1940s through the integration of
Mathematical Logic, algorithm theory, and electronic computers. Logic plays a
crucial role not only in forming the basis of programming languages but also in
exploring the boundaries of automatic calculation. It reveals the insight that strings of
symbols, encoded as numbers, can be interpreted both as data and programs.
5. The sub-areas of computing listed in [3] cover a wide range of topics, including
discrete structures, programming fundamentals, algorithms and complexity,
programming languages, architecture and organization, operating systems, and many
others. Each sub-area contributes to the holistic understanding and advancement of
Computer Science.
6. Dijkstra's analogy of calling the field 'Computer Science' akin to 'Knife Science'
underscores the danger of overemphasizing the 'Computer' aspect at the expense of
the 'Science'. Indeed, Computer Science extends beyond mere technology or software
usage; it embodies a scientific discipline rooted in abstract mathematical principles
and engineering practices.
7. In terms of scientific methods, Computer Science exhibits features akin to classical
scientific methodologies. While Figure 2's scheme of the scientific method is
applicable, Computer Science's unique aspect is its object of investigation—the
computer itself, which evolves alongside the development of theories and practical
experiences.
8. Concerning Theoretical Computer Science, which adheres to the traditions of Logic
and Mathematics, it follows a classical methodology of building theories as logical
systems with stringent definitions of objects and operations for deriving or proving
theorems. Fundamental concepts in computing include conceptual and formal models,
levels of abstraction, and efficiency.
9. Data models are essential for formulating various mathematical concepts in Computer
Science. These models encompass aspects such as hierarchical structures, lists, sets,
relational organization, graphs, and patterns, automata, and regular expressions."
10. Patterns, automata, and regular expressions serve as tools for specifying recognizable
properties in sets of objects. Automata provide a graph-based way of describing
patterns, while regular expressions function as an algebra for expressing patterns akin
to those described by automata.
Simple past continues
1. The scientific method described above outlines a logical scheme used by scientists to
search for answers within science. It encompasses the production of scientific
theories, including both meta-theories (theories about theories) and theories used to
design tools for producing theories (instruments, algorithms, etc.). The process
follows a series of steps, starting with posing a question within the context of existing
knowledge (theory & observations) and formulating a hypothesis as a tentative
answer. Consequences are deduced, predictions are made, and the hypothesis is tested
in a specific experiment or theoretical field.
2. The loop of formulating hypotheses, making predictions, and testing is repeated with
modifications until consistency is achieved. If major discrepancies are found, the
process begins again. When consistency is obtained, the hypothesis becomes a theory,
providing a coherent set of propositions that define a new class of phenomena or a
new theoretical concept. This theory undergoes a process of 'natural selection' among
competing theories.
3. The scientific method is recursive in nature, with each observation, experiment, or
theoretical test rooted in pre-existing knowledge. Every piece of experimental data is
'theory-contaminated,' meaning it carries the assumptions of the existing world-view.
Similarly, the design of new experimental equipment or procedures follows a similar
recursive process, starting from existing theoretical/experimental frameworks.
4. Critics argue that there is no concrete set of rules defining 'the scientific method,'
instead referring to a specific set of rules for posing new questions and formulating
successful hypotheses. Despite its abstraction and simplification, the scientific method
remains impartial, allowing experiments to be repeated irrespective of the
investigator's state of mind, religious persuasion, or consciousness.
5. In summary, the scientific method embodies the iterative nature of science, subject to
continuous re-examination and self-correction. It is a fundamental tool for advancing
scientific knowledge and understanding."
6. The introduction sets the stage by acknowledging that Computer Science, despite its
name, may not straightforwardly fit the traditional mold of 'science.' Emerging in the
1940s with the advent of the first electronic digital computers, Computer Science
draws upon a diverse range of disciplines and necessitates the integration of theory
and practice, as well as abstraction and design.
7. Furthermore, the paper discusses the broader landscape of scientific inquiry,
recognizing that science encompasses various fields, including the Natural Sciences,
Social Sciences, Humanities, and Logic & Mathematics. It presents a dynamic scheme
illustrating the relationships between these fields, with Logic & Mathematics serving
as the most fundamental sciences, followed by the Natural Sciences, Social Sciences,
and Humanities.
8. The discussion highlights the interdisciplinary nature of modern sciences, exemplified
by Computer Science's incorporation of elements from multiple disciplines, such as
artificial intelligence, which bridges mathematical, physical, chemical, biological,
medical, and psychological domains.
9. Quoting Allen Newell, the paper anticipates a potential paradigm shift where science,
particularly with the increasing prominence of information processing, may evolve
into a more synthetic and holistic worldview. This future may blur the boundaries
 between traditional scientific inquiry and artificial intelligence, leading to a deeper
understanding of how knowledge is acquired, organized, and applied."
10. This continuation provides an overview of the paper's exploration of the scientific
aspects of Computer Science, summarizing key points and themes discussed in the
introduction.
Simple future
1. In the future, Computer Science is poised to continue its evolution and expansion into
new territories. As technology advances and information processing becomes
increasingly pervasive, Computer Science will play a crucial role in shaping not only
scientific endeavors but also commercial and artistic fields. Computer modeling and
simulation, as a method unique to the discipline, will see further development and
application, extending beyond computers to various domains.
2. Moreover, with the interdisciplinary nature of Computer Science, particularly evident
in areas like artificial intelligence, the boundaries between different scientific
disciplines will continue to blur. Computer Science draws from mathematical logic
and mathematics while also incorporating principles from physics, chemistry, biology,
medicine, psychology, and other fields. This interdisciplinary approach reflects a
broader trend in modern science towards eclectic methodologies and inquiries
spanning multiple domains.
3. As information processing permeates all aspects of society, there may be radical
transformations in the disciplinary structure of science, including technology. The
increasing awareness of detailed information processes involved in scientific
endeavors may lead to a meta-position where understanding these processes becomes
integral to scientific inquiry. This integration of information processing and scientific
methodology may herald a new synthetic worldview, facilitating a deeper
understanding of knowledge acquisition and organization.
4. In essence, Computer Science, with its foundation in logic and mathematics, its
integration of theory and practice, and its interdisciplinary nature, is poised to shape
the future of scientific inquiry and information processing across various domains,
paving the way for innovative advancements and transformative paradigms in the
years to come.
5. In the future, the field of Computer Science is likely to continue its trajectory of
growth and evolution. With ongoing advancements in technology and computing,
Computer Science will play an increasingly significant role in shaping various aspects
of society, industry, and academia.
6. As technology continues to advance, Computer Science will continue to expand its
scope and influence. New developments in areas such as artificial intelligence,
machine learning, quantum computing, and cybersecurity are expected to drive further
innovation and research within the field.
7. Moreover, the interdisciplinary nature of Computer Science will become even more
pronounced, as it continues to draw upon principles and methodologies from diverse
fields such as mathematics, physics, biology, psychology, and engineering. This
interdisciplinary approach will enable Computer Science to address complex
challenges and create novel solutions that span multiple domains.
8. Furthermore, the integration of Computer Science with other scientific disciplines and
technologies will lead to the emergence of new interdisciplinary fields and areas of
study. Collaborative research efforts between Computer Science and fields such as
biology, medicine, environmental science, and social science will result in innovative
applications and discoveries with far-reaching implications.
9. Overall, the future of Computer Science holds tremendous potential for
transformative advancements and breakthroughs, as the field continues to push the
boundaries of knowledge and innovation in the digital age.
10. In the coming years, Computer Science is poised to continue its rapid advancement
and integration into various aspects of society and academia. As technology evolves,
Computer Science will play an increasingly vital role in addressing complex
challenges and driving innovation across multiple domains.
11. Theoretical Computer Science will continue to explore the limits of computation and
develop general approaches to problem-solving. With a focus on conceptualization,
modeling, and analysis, theoretical research in Computer Science will contribute to
the accumulation and structuring of knowledge in the field.
12. Experimental Computer Science will remain effective in tackling problems that
require complex software solutions, such as software development environments and
data organization. By identifying concepts that facilitate solutions and constructing
prototype systems, experimental research will drive practical advancements in
Computer Science.
13. Computer simulation will emerge as a fundamental discipline, enabling scientists and
engineers to investigate phenomena beyond current experimental capabilities and
explore a wide range of design options. With advancements in computing power and
methodology, simulation will become an essential tool for both theoretical
investigation and experimentation.
14. Furthermore, as computational skills become increasingly integral to scientific
culture, the demand for expertise in Computational Science will continue to grow.
The interdisciplinary nature of Computational Science, at the intersection of
Computer Science, applied Mathematics, and various scientific disciplines, will foster
collaboration and innovation in addressing complex real-world problems.
15. Overall, the future of Computer Science is bright, with continued growth, innovation,
and integration into diverse fields of study and application.