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I just wanted some help on AS Biology notes, could you please help me. I'm struggling to come up
with ideas on what to investigate, would you be able to suggest anything? 0 Report Reply Reply 15
9 years ago ellagg97 Hi, would you be able to post the link to the as biology coursework that you
previously posted. Methods of measuring abundance Density Count the number of individuals in
several quadrats and take the mean to give number per unit area, for example per metre squared
(m22). When the lid moves up and down, the string moves over the pulley. Changing Skies 22 Hi
there as I posted my AS Biology coursework due to a lot of interest, I thought I'd post my A2
coursework to help a bit more. Those in vegetation can be sampled using a pooter directly or
indirectly (after being knocked from the vegetation onto a white sheet). However, they cannot be
used for measuring oxygen consumption. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT
No. 806 8067 22 Registered Office: Imperial House, 2nd Floor, 40-42 Queens Road, Brighton, East
Sussex, BN1 3XB. Spray the working area thoroughly with the disinfectant spray. A key to
organisms likely to be found in the area The Field Studies Council produces a range of excellent
guides. The apparatus can be calibrated so that the movement of the lid corresponds to a given
volume. I had a plan written by my teacher Posted from TSR Mobile 0 Report Reply Reply 11 9
years ago Watchthe 5 Original post by Changing Skies Hey. After use, the tubing from the
spirometer should be removed and placed in 70% ethanol, to disinfect the internal ribbed surfaces
where microorganisms might remain. Equipment can be purchased either in class sets or individually,
with consumables also available in class-sized batches. Life and Health science (step up science
equivalent) Drop Psychology or English Literature. Dab the paper onto the white sheet to pick up
approximately 40 eggs. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch.
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Not the right resource. Humidity Relative humidity can be measured using a whirling hygrometer.
Requirements per student or group of students Notes Respirometer See the diagram on the Student
sheet. Brine shrimps hatch in salt water that is 2 to 5% salt (optimum 2.8%) and pH 8.5. Oxygen
must be present. Show replies PMTEducation 2 years ago Glad it's helped! - Heidi, PMT team Hide
replies Empty reply does not make any sense for the end user Submit reply Cancel Bruffalo 4 years
ago report 5 Amazing, really helpful for my students who have moved schools and missed sections,
made it a lot easier to catch them up in short sessions. To find out more about brine shrimps, visit the
British Ecological Society website. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in
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through linkedin Share through facebook Share through pinterest RevisionNotes 9 4.30 9 reviews
Not the right resource. Explain in detail what happens to the oxygen molecules, the carbon dioxide
molecules and the pressure in the tube. ? 2 It would have been better to set up a second, control tube
that did not contain living organisms but had everything else the same. What causes these patterns in
plant and animal distribution. How did you know how to split your research between the rationale
and discussion. Spirometers A copy of a spirometer trace is provided at the end of these notes, for
use when there is no access to a spirometer or as extra data to interpret. Together these contain all
necessary gel electrophoresis apparatus, dried lambda DNA, three dried restriction enzymes and both
student and technical guides. Safety The safety guidelines in Sections 14.5 and 14.5.1 in the
CLEAPSS Laboratory Handbook should be followed when using a spirometer. In this activity you
will learn how a spirometer works and how to interpret the spirometer trace that is produced.
A clipboard A clear plastic bag large enough to get clipboard and hand with pencil in To protect
students’ notes if it rains. Edexcel Biology Core Practicals A2 core practicals: 1-looking for pattern
(ecological studies) 2-Effect of temperature o. White A4 sheet of paper Sheet of graph paper 3?cm ?
4?cm Magnifying glass Pair of forceps Bright light A lamp or light from one side. So this technique
should give you breadth and depth Write a reasonable paragraph about each example (using
appropriate A-level terminology) pointing out how it illustrates the theme or idea. If you are using
thick-walled capillary tubing it is worth reminding students of the formula for working out the
volume of oxygen used, and explaining it again. Posted from TSR Mobile 0 Report Reply Reply 8 9
years ago Henil Oww. Thanks 1 Report Reply Reply 3 9 years ago Changing Skies OP 22 Original
post by DawnWhisker wow you g into so much detail. This activity would provide an excellent
alternative to the standard gel electrophoresis practical suggested above. Safety The safety guidelines
in Sections 14.5 and 14.5.1 in the CLEAPSS Laboratory Handbook should be followed when using
a spirometer. Additional details are provided on the Student Practical support sheet Ecological
sampling (page 26) and there is a wealth of information on the British Ecological Society student 161
education web pages about sampling techniques. Additional information is available in the DCSF
guidance Health and Safety of Pupils on Educational Visits on the Teachernet website. A couple in
my class had a similar count, some others had theirs at about 5 I think you should be fine Posted
from TSR Mobile 1 Report Reply Reply 4 9 years ago Henil Hey. Observing patterns Have you ever
walked into a wood and noticed that the vegetation changes as you enter. Sensors such as motion
sensors can be used to record the up and down motion of the airfilled spirometer lid. The essay is
supposed to be written using appropriate terminology, at a level to be expected after two years of A-
level study. The only species students need focus on are those which would support the hypothesis
under investigation. Edexcel a2 biology coursework exemplar ncert - Finite? This reduces the
pressure inside the test tube (fewer molecules 5 lower pressure). If they weren’t they would either
grow somewhere else or become extinct. Posted from TSR Mobile 1 Report Reply Reply 6 9 years
ago Henil I just wanted revision notes basically and a few past papers as it is tough doing it alone,
and your help is appreciated! 0 Report Reply Reply 7 9 years ago Changing Skies OP 22 Original
post by Henil I just wanted revision notes basically and a few past papers as it is tough doing it
alone, and your help is appreciated. It is envisaged that this equipment will be used for hands-on
practical training of student science teachers. The hazards will vary depending on the site chosen.
Conductivity The ability of a water sample to carry an electric current gives a measure of the
dissolved mineral salts. In this activity students learn how a spirometer works and how to interpret
the spirometer trace that is produced. If you undertake gel electrophoresis make sure you are aware
of the hazards and follow the instructions of your teacher very carefully. A quadrat Either square or
point quadrats can be used. You might estimate the number of dandelions in each meadow by
counting the number in several small areas and then multiplying up to calculate a value for each
meadow. Breathing in and out through the tubes makes the lid of the chamber fall and rise. The trace
will move down as the person breathes in. The standard equipment required for carrying out an
ecological study is detailed below.
There are also plans for loan schemes to be established to enable local schools to borrow the
equipment. If resistance to breathing suddenly increases it may be due to valves in the spirometer
sticking. To learn more about how we use and protect your data, please see our privacy policy.
Appropriate terminology was often poorly used or absent. Posted from TSR Mobile 1 Report Reply
Reply 6 9 years ago Henil I just wanted revision notes basically and a few past papers as it is tough
doing it alone, and your help is appreciated! 0 Report Reply Reply 7 9 years ago Changing Skies OP
22 Original post by Henil I just wanted revision notes basically and a few past papers as it is tough
doing it alone, and your help is appreciated. Care should also be taken to choose the subject,
avoiding any students with asthma or other breathing or circulatory problems. (Asthmatics may use a
spirometer if they are otherwise in good health.) Read the manufacturer’s instructions carefully
before using a spirometer. Board Clean, firm surface for the snails, for example a plastic chopping
board. After breathing normally the subject should take as deep a breath as possible and then exhale
as much air as possible before returning to normal breathing. The same number of carbon dioxide
molecules are released but these are absorbed by the soda lime. Finding the vertical scale The vertical
scale measures the volume of air in the chamber. Their website contains more detail and alternative
kits. Brine shrimps hatch in salt water that is 2 to 5% salt (optimum 2.8%) and pH 8.5. Oxygen must
be present. How did you know how to split your research between the rationale and discussion?! 0
Report Reply Reply 10 9 years ago Changing Skies OP 22 Original post by Watchthe Hey thanks so
much for uploading this. Additional information is available in the DCSF guidance Health and
Safety of Pupils on Educational Visits on the Teachernet website. Each guide is written by an
examiner and explains the unit requirements, summarises the relevant unit content and includes a
series of specimen questions and answers. Eye protection is not necessarily required during microbial
work, though it is good standard practice. Equipment and surfaces should be disinfected with 1%
Virkon. Requirements per student or group of students Notes Giant African land snail (or large
garden snail) Giant African land snails can be purchased in some pet shops or from Biological
suppliers such as Blades Biological. Where bacteria have grown the plate will look opaque, but where
the antibiotics have inhibited growth, clear zones called inhibition zones will be seen. The need for
valid, reliable results should be considered and the random nature of error could be investigated.
Suggest why handling prior to the experiment could affect the results of the experiment. Position
yourself so that you cannot inhale the dust during this activity. Disposal of agar plates and other
used equipment, including forceps, must be in accordance with current best practice. Raise the lid of
the Petri dish and place the Mast ring firmly in the centre of the agar; if individual discs are used
they will need to be spaced evenly around the dish. 4 Tape the dish securely with two pieces of
adhesive tape (but do not seal it completely), then keep it upside down at room temperature for 48
hours. If equipment is used that is operated by a power supply at a greater voltage, it is essential that
the equipment is designed so that it is impossible to make skin contact with the electrodes or
electrolyte when an electric current is flowing. Notes on the procedure If students are given basic
information on maintaining brine shrimps this activity could be planned before they are given the
Student sheet. Notes on the procedure Rate of respiration is not a learning outcome in the
specification. One way of laying out a tape measure for a transect study. The respirometer shown in
the diagram is a very simple one; more complex ones (e.g. U-tubes) can be used if available. Further
information about the kit and cost of materials is on the website listed in the weblinks section for
this activity.
A very brief guide to Edexcel A2 Biology Coursework -? The Field Studies Council online resources
include a case study on the distribution of ribwort plantain and greater plantain in trampled and non-
trampled areas. SNAB A2 Revision Notes and Unit 4: Environment Survival. Those in vegetation
can be sampled using a pooter directly or indirectly (after being knocked from the vegetation onto a
white sheet). Paper discs produced with a hole punch are autoclaved, then dipped in a range of
antiseptics. Animals that occur on the soil surface may be sampled using a pitfall trap (Figure 3). The
subject will feel some resistance to breathing when using a spirometer. The Student sheet suggests
using different bacterial species but the activity could be done using just one species. Sterilisation
guidance is in section 15.12. Requirements per student or group of students Notes Agar plates
seeded with bacteria or equipment for their preparation (i.e. access to one of two broth cultures of
known bacteria; Universal McCartney bottle of nutrient agar; sterile Petri dish; sterile pipette)
Suitable bacteria are listed in various catalogues. Write a review Update existing review Submit
review Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. Because you know the dimensions of the grid
squares and the depth of the liquid above the square, you can work out the volume of culture in each
square, and then calculate a mean number of cells per cm3 of the culture. Sketch the shape of the
trace you would expect before and after exercise. If giant land snails are not available, a large garden
snail can be used. Forceps (metal) A Mast ring or separate antibiotic discs Separate antibiotic discs
are usually cheaper, but it is impossible to obtain more than two types of antibiotics using these. They
may also consider individual variation and sample sizes. Show 10 more Latest Official: University of
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December campaign taking a levels I don't like. The microorganisms are a potential biological hazard.
Without these cookies, we can't provide services to you. Requirements per student or group of
students Notes A 50?m tape measure. My As coursework topic is colic in horses which is an illness.
Discs are not handled directly and no airborne dust is created by the discs. Answers 1 Choice of
strategy may vary, but it must be clear and easy to carry out and produce reliable results. 2 The rate of
diffusion of the antibiotic will be influenced by the size of molecule, its concentration and the
potency of the antibiotic. A transect may not be the best method for this type of investigation;
instead sampling of each area may be more appropriate. Read the manufacturer’s instructions and
safety notes before using the equipment. To find out the optimum number of quadrats required,
record the number of species in each quadrat and plot the cumulative results against number of
quadrats until sampling additional quadrats does not substantially increase the number of species
recorded. See other similar resources ?0.00 5.00 2 reviews Download Save for later Not quite what
you were looking for. Notes on the procedure Effects of exercise on breathing rate and volumes can
be investigated using the spirometer. Requirements per student or group of students Notes
Respirometer See the diagram on the Student sheet. When ecologists study habitats, they try to
account for plant and animal distribution, correlating them to the abiotic and biotic factors that are
affecting the habitat. I'm wrestling with my word count currently (its at 4,100 ish) and I was
wondering what kind of word count you had to work with.
The practical procedure and technical notes are based on an investigation that appears in the British
Ecological Society publication Brine Shrimp Ecology by Michael Dockery and Stephen Tomkins. If
you have breathing or circulation (heart) problems or suffer from epilepsy you should not use the
spirometer. Discs are not handled directly and no airborne dust is created by the discs. Using a pair
of random numbers you can locate a position within the sampling area to collect your data. An equal
volume of carbon dioxide is released back into the lungs from the blood. The two sites could be
compared by random sampling. I don't really have any notes as mine were by hand and I threw them
away, however I'll try my best to find some for you what past papers are you wanting. Take care that
the stimulus causes no harm to the snails. If giant land snails are not available, a large garden snail
can be used. I feel like I'm not detailed enough even though I've written quite a lot already. The
microorganisms are a potential biological hazard. Notes on the procedure Effects of exercise on
breathing rate and volumes can be investigated using the spirometer. The need for valid, reliable
results should be considered and the random nature of error could be investigated. Write a review
Update existing review Submit review Cancel It's good to leave some feedback. Protocols for these
practicals as pdf files can be downloaded from their websites. As the lid moves up and down the
change in distance can be recorded. Access to an OS map of the area To accurately pinpoint the site
and for background knowledge. If clover was recorded in 10 of the 25 squares that make up a
0.25?m2 quadrat frame, the percentage frequency would be 40%. A zonation can often be explained
by a gradual change (a gradient) in one or more physical or abiotic factors. Spirometers A copy of a
spirometer trace is provided at the end of these notes, for use when there is no access to a spirometer
or as extra data to interpret. Y12 OCR A Masterclass - Weds 5.15pm (?45) - two places left Y13
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16 8 years ago lucylu.1998 hi, i was wondering if you could help me. The volume of air the person
inhales and exhales can be calculated from the distance the lid moves. Extension ? 3 The diagram
below and Figure 7.24 on page 148 of A2 Biology show two other types of respirometer. To find out
the optimum number of quadrats required, record the number of species in each quadrat and plot the
cumulative results against number of quadrats until sampling additional quadrats does not
substantially increase the number of species recorded. Show replies Violetvision 5 years ago Hi
Samy, Thank you for the 5 stars, I'm glad you like the revision questions sets. We use this
information to create a better experience for all users. Cut the graph paper so that there are exactly 40
eggs. ? 7 Put the paper with the 40 eggs into the beaker (eggs-side down). Our customer service team
will review your report and will be in touch. ?0.00 5.00 2 reviews Download Save for later ?0.00
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PMT Education 4.66 405 reviews Not the right resource. There are approximately 24 000 egg cysts
per gram so only tiny quantities are required.
As a result less neurotransmitter is released into the synaptic cleft. We cover a different topic each
week, looking in depth at how to structure answers and approach application questions. A transect
may not be the best method for this type of investigation; instead sampling of each area may be more
appropriate. The Field Studies Council online resources include a case study on the distribution of
ribwort plantain and greater plantain in trampled and non-trampled areas. Alternatively a datalogger
can be used with a traditional water-filled spirometer or with an airflow spirometer. It is essential to
follow good hygiene practice with regard to cleaning and disinfecting the mouthpiece and removing
condensation and saliva from the tubes. Always keep the ink reservoir with its piece of wire in place.
Show replies Violetvision 5 years ago Hi Samy, Thank you for the 5 stars, I'm glad you like the
revision questions sets. If giant land snails are not available, a large garden snail can be used. In this
activity you will learn how a spirometer works and how to interpret the spirometer trace that is
produced. Throwing quadrats is not random and can be dangerous. It is based on a protocol
developed for a DNA workshop at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. Once the marks have been
made on the paper it should be possible to count how many squares on the trace represent 1?dm3. If
a pipette is used, the scale shown will not be needed. Although allergic response by patients is
considered in the questions, where antibiotics are already impregnated on to discs, the risk for
students with allergic responses is not great. If conditions change across a habitat, for example across
a rocky shore or in a sloping meadow that becomes more boggy towards one side, then systematic
sampling along a transect allows the changes to be studied. Wash your hands thoroughly after
touching the snails once all the equipment has been put ready for disinfection. Some antibiotics can
be used together and produce a larger effect when combined than if administered separately. The
programme can also calculate species diversity indices and carry out t-tests and z-tests. Follow
CLEAPSS guidelines on removing dust for spirometer use. Appropriate terminology was often
poorly used or absent. I have no idea how much detail they want us to go into the rationale and
discussion. Their website contains more detail and alternative kits. The hazards will vary depending
on the site chosen. Raise the lid of the Petri dish and place the Mast ring firmly in the centre of the
agar; if individual discs are used they will need to be spaced evenly around the dish. 4 Tape the dish
securely with two pieces of adhesive tape (but do not seal it completely), then keep it upside down at
room temperature for 48 hours. If known series of gas volumes is introduced into the spirometer, and
the distance between the motion sensor and the surface of the lid is recorded, it is possible to
produce a calibration curve of distance versus volume. It benefits from having grown out of the
learning experiences of many students. However, they cannot be used for measuring oxygen
consumption. The demands for scientific content, breadth, relevance and scientific terminology are
now found within each level. Spirometers A copy of a spirometer trace is provided at the end of
these notes, for use when there is no access to a spirometer or as extra data to interpret.
If a student becomes less alert or has any feeling of suffocation they should stop immediately.
Bunsen burner Bench spray of disinfectant 1% Virkon (preferred) or equivalent. The null hypothesis
to be tested would be: there will be no correlation between the number of stimuli the snail receives
and the time taken for the snail to re-emerge. If it is the right way up the pen moves smoothly over
the join in the paper. If you have breathing or circulation (heart) problems or suffer from epilepsy
you should not use the spirometer. It does not include the micropipette, electrophoresis cell or power
supply. To investigate the effect of exercise, readings should be taken immediately after exercise.
However, this takes 30 minutes to achieve disinfection. Among tons of online book stores in
Bangladesh, Boikhata aims to strictly adhere to international quality standards ensuring trust and
reliability in customer service and originality in product delivery. Notes on the procedure The aim of
the practical is to show students a method of determining bacterial sensitivity to different antibiotics
and to give them practice at using aseptic techniques. In this practical simulation, the inheritance of a
single gene that is involved in a particular genetic trait is investigated. In this activity you will be
testing the effectiveness of several types of antibiotics on bacteria. Having amplified the short
tandem repeat sequences within your DNA sample, you will then separate out the fragments using
gel electrophoresis (see Practical 6.1). Comparing the position of the bands on the gels to a standard
or reference you will be able to draw conclusions about the DNA sample you started with. Students
with breathing or circulation (heart) problems or suffer from epilepsy should not use the spirometer.
The Field Studies Council online resources include a case study on the distribution of ribwort
plantain and greater plantain in trampled and non-trampled areas. The abundance of organisms within
the quadrat is estimated (see the section Methods of measuring abundance and Figure 3). Read the
following section, which briefly mentions some of the techniques that you could use. A transect is
often used to study zonation in vegetation or non-mobile animal distribution. The Field Studies
Council website also has online resources for students including information on different urban
ecosystems. The methods used will depend on the habitat and factors under investigation. If you are
using thick-walled capillary tubing it is worth reminding students of the formula for working out the
volume of oxygen used, and explaining it again. There are several publications available about the
care of land snails. If PCR is to be used a full risk assessment should be obtained for the procedure
and carefully followed by both staff and students. As bangaldesh's online book shopping landscape
is expanding every year, online shopping in dhaka, chittagong, khulna, sylhet and other big cities are
also gaining momentum. You might estimate the number of dandelions in each meadow by counting
the number in several small areas and then multiplying up to calculate a value for each meadow.
Have a look at the technical guides by downloading the pdf files from the NCBE website. The
sample points may be at regular intervals, say every 2?m across a field, or they may be positioned in
relation to some morphological feature, such as on the ridges and in the hollows in a sand dune
system. Although allergic response by patients is considered in the questions, where antibiotics are
already impregnated on to discs, the risk for students with allergic responses is not great. Safety Soda
lime is corrosive, but much less of a hazard than solutions of potassium or sodium hydroxide.
Appropriate terminology was often poorly used or absent. Sensors such as motion sensors can be
used to record the up and down motion of the airfilled spirometer lid.