Cambridge English: First Result Wordlist: Translation Example Sentence

Cambridge English: First Result wordlist
Word Phonetics Part of speech Translation Definition Example sentence Unit Page
skin tone /ˈskɪn ˌtəʊn/ (n) colour of your skin My skin tone is fair but my sister’s is quite dark. 1 SB 9
tanned /tænd/ (adj) having a brown skin colour as a result of Kate was tanned after her beach holiday. 1 SB 9
being in the sun
hazel /ˈheɪzl/ (adj) (eye colour), greenish- or reddish-brown 1 SB 9
bushy /ˈbʊʃi/ (adj) thick, often used to describe eyebrows 1 SB 9
hooked /hʊkt/ (adj) with a curved shape, often used to The old woman’s hooked nose made her look quite frightening to the 1 SB 9
describe a nose children.
turned up /ˌtɜːnd ˈʌp/ (adj) shape of a nose that lifts a little at the 1 SB 9
point
similar (to) /ˈsɪmɪlə(r)/ (adj) being like sb / sth else but not exactly the I’m quite similar to my mother in looks. We both have dark hair and 1 SB 9
same blue eyes.
personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ (n) what is special about your character that He’s only four years old but already has a personality of his own. 1 SB 9
makes you different from others
sibling /ˈsɪblɪŋ/ (n) a brother or sister 1 SB 9
identical /aɪˈdentɪkl/ (adj) being exactly the same as sb / sth else This homework is identical to Gary’s. Did you copy it? 1 SB 10
feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ (n) part of the face such as eyes, nose, etc. Her big, dark eyes are her best feature. 1 SB 10
inherit /ɪnˈherɪt/ (v) receive money after a person’s death, Molly inherited a million pounds when her grandfather died. 1 SB 10
often a relative’s
equally /ˈiːkwəli/ (adv) to the same degree; in the same or a The two restaurants are equally good. I’ve had excellent meals in 1 SB 10
similar way both.
raise /reɪz/ (v) bring up I was born in the UK but raised in Canada. 1 SB 10
genetically /dʒeˈnetɪkli/ (adv) having the same inherited biological Twins are genetically the same but often have different 1 SB 10
features personalities.
alike /əˈlaɪk/ (adj) similar My sister and I do not look alike. 1 SB 10
adoptive /əˈdɒptɪv/ (adj) having legally taken a child into your Adoptive parents usually bring children up as if they were their 1 SB 10
family to bring up as your own biological children.
react (to) /riˈækt/ (v) do sth in response to an event or situation Terry reacted badly to his poor exam results. He got very angry. 1 SB 10
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ (n) a person who studies sth carefully and Matt works as a university researcher. 1 SB 10
tries to discover new facts about it
coincidence /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ (n) two things happening at the same time by Sue and Jenny wore the same outfit to Sam’s party. What a 1 SB 10
chance coincidence!
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ (v) influence and direct Qualifications often determine your future career. 1 SB 10
! B000054 © Oxford University Press

1
treat /triːt/ (v) behave in a particular way towards sb My penpal’s parents treated me very kindly when I stayed with them 1 SB 10
in France.
surroundings /səˈrəʊndɪŋz/ (n pl) everything around or near you I like my surroundings to be calm and peaceful. 1 SB 10
take (sth) for granted /teɪk … fə (idm) accept sth without thinking about it We take air travel for granted but two hundred years ago it wasn’t 1 SB 11
ˈgrɑːntɪd/ possible.
unique /juˈniːk/ (adj) being the only one Fingerprints are unique to each person. 1 SB 11
fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ (adj) very unusual and interesting Your trip to Alaska sounds absolutely fascinating. 1 SB 11
challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ (v) go against an idea Some scientists say that the fact that parts of the Arctic are getting 1 SB 11
also: invite sb to fight or compete colder challenges the theory of global warming.
James challenged Lucy to a race across the fields.
notion /ˈnəʊʃn/ (n) idea At first people couldn’t understand the notion that the earth was 1 SB 11
round and not flat!
unnervingly /ˌʌnˈnɜːvɪŋli/ (adv) strangely, upsettingly It was unnervingly quiet in the forest when I took the dog for a walk. 1 SB 11
in terms of /ˌɪn ˈtɜːmz əv/ (phr) when thinking about In terms of enthusiasm she’s an excellent student, but in terms of 1 SB 11
concentration she could improve!
mannerism /ˈmænərɪzəm/ (n) sth you do that you are often unaware of Our teacher has a mannerism. She always taps her pen on the desk. 1 SB 11
trait /treɪt/ (n) a special quality or part of your My father and I share a lot of personality traits. 1 SB 11
personality
occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ (v) happen The burglary occurred on Monday morning when everyone was 1 SB 11
working.
at random /ət ˈrændəm/ (phr) without a particular reason The teacher chose two girls at random to help with the preparations 1 SB 11
for the party.
regardless of /rɪˈgɑːdləs əv/ (phr) not depending on Everyone goes up to the next class regardless of their exam results. 1 SB 11
ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/ (adj) cultural or national Students from many different ethnic groups attend this college. 1 SB 11
DNA /ˌdiː ˌen ˈeɪ/ (n) genetic fingerprint The police catch a lot of criminals by checking their DNA. 1 SB 11
stage /steɪdʒ/ (n) a step in a process There are several stages in cooking this dish. First is the preparation 1 SB 11
also: a place where actors perform in a stage.
theatre The audience threw flowers onto the stage.
pregnancy /ˈpregnənsi/ (n) the nine months during which a baby Brenda had a bad pregnancy. She was sick every day. 1 SB 11
grows inside a woman
disappear /ˌdɪsəˈpɪə(r)/ (v) stop existing Our countryside is disappearing at an alarming rate. 1 SB 11
aspect /ˈæspekt/ (n) part of an idea or situation The aspect of studying at university I like most is the freedom to 1 SB 11
work independently.
aging /ˈeɪdʒɪŋ/ (n unc) getting older More people are worried about aging than ever before. 1 SB 11
truly /ˈtruːli/ (adv) really I truly believed in the tooth fairy when I was younger! 1 SB 11
reunite /ˌriːjuːˈnaɪt/ (v) bring together after a separation The family was reunited after the war. 1 SB 11
share /ʃeə(r)/ (v) have the same as sb else Because they had been to the same school, the boys shared the same 1 SB 11
also: divide sth between several people experiences.
We shared the pizza between the four of us.
youngster /ˈjʌŋstə(r)/ (n) young person The camp is for youngsters aged eight to fourteen. 1 SB 11
sheriff /ˈʃerɪf/ (n) officer of the law in the US 1 SB 11
migraine /ˈmaɪgreɪn/ (n) very bad headache I'm getting a migraine. 1 SB 11
eerily /ˈɪərəli / (adv) strangely and mysteriously 1 SB 11

2
instance /ˈɪnstəns/ (n) example There were several instances of cheating in sports competitions. 1 SB 11
upbringing /ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ/ (n) being brought up I had an exciting upbringing in Australia. 1 SB 11
janitor /ˈdʒænɪtə(r)/ (n) caretaker, person whose job is to look 1 SB 11
after a building
rural /ˈrʊərəl/ (adj) being in the countryside My parents decided to buy a house in a rural area because it’s 1 SB 11
quieter.
factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ (n) sth that contributes to a result Before making a decision you have to consider many different 1 SB 11
factors.
shape /ʃeɪp/ (v) influence the development of sth / sb A person’s upbringing often shapes his / her future life. 1 SB 11
indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ (v) show These grades indicate that you have been studying hard. 1 SB 11
argumentative /ˌɑːgju (adj) often arguing Pete is so argumentative. He never agrees with anything! 1 SB 12
ˈmentətɪv/
arrogant /ˈærəgənt/ (adj) believing and acting as if you are better Mike is so arrogant! He assumes he’ll come top in the exams. 1 SB 12
than others
bossy /ˈbɒsi/ (adj) always telling others what to do When I was young, my elder sister was very bossy and I had to do 1 SB 12
everything she said.
eccentric /ɪkˈsentrɪk/ (adj) acting differently from normal people I have an aunt who is quite eccentric. She always wears a hat in bed! 1 SB 12
narrow-minded /ˌnærəʊ (adj) not tolerant of different behaviour, ideas, My grandfather was a narrow-minded person. He could never see my 1 SB 12
ˈmaɪndɪd/ etc. dad’s point of view.
loyal /ˈlɔɪəl/ (adj) remaining faithful to sb / sth She has always remained loyal to her friends. 1 SB 12
sensitive /ˈsensətɪv/ (adj) reacting easily to emotional situations Sensitive people often cry at the end of sad films. 1 SB 12
do your own thing /ˌduː jɔːr ˌəʊn (idm) do what you want to without worrying There aren't many rules here – you can just do your own thing. 1 SB 12
ˈθɪŋ/ what people think
speak your mind /ˌspiːk jɔː (idm) say what you think I always speak my mind, but sometimes people just don’t want to 1 SB 12
ˈmaɪnd/ hear the truth.
take place /ˌteɪk ˈpleɪs/ (phr) happen The concert will take place in the school hall on Friday. 1 SB 13
get hold of /ˌget ˈhəʊld əv/ (phr) learn about A TV reporter got hold of the story that Gran had won the lottery. 1 SB 13
reckon /ˈrekən/ (v) think I reckon it’s going to rain later on. Look at the sky. 1 SB 13
face-lift /ˈfeɪs ˌlɪft/ (n) surgery on the face to make the skin Thousands of people had face-lifts in the UK last year. Everyone 1 SB 13
tighter wants to look younger!
immortality /ˌɪmɔːˈtæləti/ (n unc) fact of living forever People have been searching for the secret to immortality for 1 SB 14
centuries.
argue /ˈɑːgjuː/ (v) give reasons why you think that sth is He argued that they needed more time to finish the project. 1 SB 14
right or wrong
use up /ˈjuːz ˌʌp/ (phr v) use all of sth so that there is none left Have you used up all of the milk? 1 SB 14
overcrowded /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd/ (adj) having too many people in a place I’m sorry, you can’t stay with us. The flat is overcrowded already. 1 SB 14
deal with /ˈdiːl wɪð/ (phr v) take the right action in a situation The head teacher always deals with problem students himself. 1 SB 14
population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ (n) all the people who live in a particular China has the world’s highest population. 1 SB 14
area, city or country
commit /kəˈmɪt/ (v) do (a crime) Bruce committed several serious crimes and is now in prison. 1 SB 14
pointless /ˈpɔɪntləs/ (adj) not having a good reason It’s pointless waiting for Angela. She’s going to be at least another 1 SB 14
hour.

3
emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ (n) a strong feeling such as love, fear or He lost control of his emotions. 1 SB 14
anger
wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ (n unc) knowledge that comes from experience People say that wisdom comes with age. 1 SB 14
spiral out of control /ˌspaɪrəl ˌaʊt əv (phr) increase, grow too quickly to limit The young boy’s behaviour spiralled out of control and his parents 1 SB 14
kənˈtrəʊl/ didn’t know what to do with him.
plot /plɒt/ (n) story of a book, film or play I loved the book. The plot was really exciting. 1 SB 15
solitary /ˈsɒlətri/ (adj) liking to spend time alone Rita’s a solitary person. I often see her reading alone in the park. 1 SB 15
pine /paɪn/ (n) tree with leaves that don’t fall and which 1 SB 15
grows in cold climates
mountain range /ˈmaʊntən (n) group of mountains 1 SB 15
ˌreɪndʒ/
take part (in) /teɪk ˈpɑːt/ (idm) be involved in sth Are you going to take part in the competition? 1 SB 16
take into account /ˌteɪk ˈɪntu ə (idm) consider sth before making a decision You should take other people’s feelings into account. 1 SB 16
ˈkaʊnt/
make sense (of) /meɪk ˈsens/ (idm) understand sth that is difficult I can't make sense of that painting. 1 SB 16
have a row /həv ə ˈraʊ/ (phr) quarrel with sb My dad had a row with my mum last night. 1 SB 16
make fun of /meɪk ˈfʌn əv/ (idm) laugh at sb/sth in an unkind way Why do you always make fun of other people? 1 SB 16
play a part (in) /ˌpleɪ ə pɑːt/ (idm) be responsible for sth We all played a part in the success of the project. 1 SB 16
stubborn /ˈstʌbən/ (adj) refusing to do what you don’t want to do I’ve tried to persuade Nigel to come with us, but he’s very stubborn 1 SB 16
and says he won’t.
equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ (n) a word, thing, etc. that is equal to Eight kilometres is rougly equivalent to five miles. 1 SB 17
another in value, amount, meaning,
importance, etc.
impolite /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ (adj) not having good manners or respect for Some people think it is impolite to ask someone's age. 1 SB 17
the feelings of others
probe /prəʊb/ (n) small, unmanned spaceship 1 SB 17
I can’t hear myself /aɪ ˌkɑːnt ˌhɪə (phr) when sth is too loud The volume was so high on the TV that I couldn’t hear myself think! 1 SB 17
think! maɪˌself ˈθɪŋk/
reside /rɪˈzaɪd/ (v) live in a particular place Their passports do not give them the right to reside in Britain. 1 SB 18
sufficient /səˈfɪʃnt/ (adj) enough I didn’t spend sufficient time on this project and I could have done 1 SB 18
better.
purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ (v) buy We purchased this TV from you last week and it’s broken already. 1 SB 18
to myself /tu maɪˈself/ (idm) for the speaker or writer alone; not I practised the presentation to myself first. 1 SB 18
shared
commence /kəˈmens/ (v) begin to happen The meeting is scheduled to commence at noon. 1 SB 18
encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə(r)/ (v) meet sb She was the most remarkable woman he had ever encountered. 1 SB 18
immediate /ɪˈmiːdiət/ (adj) very close to a particular place or time The director is standing on her immediate right. 1 SB 18
assist /əˈsɪst/ (v) help sb to do sth Anyone willing to assist can contact this number. 1 SB 18
resemble /rɪˈzembl/ (v) look like So many hotels resemble each other. 1 SB 18
occasionally /əˈkeɪʒnəli/ (adv) sometimes but not often We occasionally meet for a drink after work. 1 SB 19
fall out /ˌfɔːl ˈaʊt/ (phr v) stop being friends I fell out with Greta last month and we haven’t spoken since then. 1 SB 19
participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ (v) take part in She didn't participate in the discussion. 1 SB 19

4
carry out /ˌkæri ˈaʊt/ (phr v) do (a study or survey) Last summer our class carried out a survey on meals in the cafeteria. 1 WB 4
set out /ˌset ˈaʊt/ (phr v) begin a task with a particular goal They set out to make a fortune. 1 WB 5
on the contrary /ˌɒn ðə (phr) the opposite of what has just been said I thought Ken liked Brad Pitt films. On the contrary, he hates them. 1 WB 5
ˈkɒntrəri/
throw doubt on /ˌθrəʊ ˈdaʊt ˌɒn/ (phr) make sth less believable The result of the last match throws doubt on whether the club can 1 WB 5
win the championship.
at first sight /ət ˌfɜːst ˈsaɪt/ (idm) when you see sb for the first time It was love at first sight. 1 WB 6
seize the chance /ˌsiːz ðə ˈtʃɑːns/ (phr) take and use an opportunity When the teacher gave the students the day off, Laura seized the 1 WB 6
chance to go to London to visit her brother.
make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ (phr v) end a quarrel with sb and become friends I wish you would make up with your brother. 1 WB 6
again
split up /ˌsplɪt ˈʌp/ (phr v) stop having a relationship with sb He split up from his girlfriend last week. 1 WB 6
for good /fɔː ˈgʊd/ (idm) permanently They have left the country for good. 1 WB 6
break off /ˌbreɪk ˈɒf/ (phr v) end sth suddenly She’s broken off their engagement. 1 WB 6
suit me down to the /ˌsuːt miː ˌdaʊn (phr) be exactly right for you The new flat suits me down to the ground. It’s near my work and 1 WB 7
ground tə ðə ˈgraʊnd/ opposite a park.
take (sth) for granted /ˌteɪk fə (idm) be so used to sb / sth that you do not I do so much around the house that you take my help for granted. 1 WB 8
ˈgrɑːntɪd/ recognize their true value any more and
do not show that you are grateful
in broad daylight /ɪn ˌbrɔːd (idm) in the clear light of day, when it is easy to The robbery happened in broad daylight. 1 WB 9
ˈdeɪlaɪt/ see
set off /ˌset ˈɒf/ (phr v) begin a journey We set off for London just after ten. 2 SB 21
sight /saɪt/ (n) a thing that you see The bird is now a rare sight in this country. 2 SB 21
also: the act of seeing sb or sth She caught sight of a car in the distance.
isolated /ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd/ (adj) on your own, away from other buildings or The village is very isolated. The nearest town is fifteen miles away. 2 SB 21
people
insulated /ˈɪnsjuleɪtɪd/ (adj) protected to prevent heat getting out The house is well insulated against the cold. 2 SB 21
cosmopolitan /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/ (adj) having an international feeling London is a cosmopolitan city with inhabitants and visitors from 2 SB 21
many different cultures and countries.
urban /ˈɜːbən/ (adj) of a city Zoe couldn’t live in the countryside – she has a very urban lifestyle. 2 SB 21
on all fours /ˌɒn ˌɔːl ˈfɔːz/ (phr) using hands and feet to walk Scientists say that, a long time ago, early humans used to walk on all 2 SB 22
fours.
herd /hɜːd/ (n) a group of animals such as cows There is a herd of cows in the field by the motorway. 2 SB 22
root /ruːt/ (n) the part of a plant that grows under the Tree roots can cause damage to buildings. 2 SB 22
ground
herbivore /ˈhɜːbɪvɔː(r)/ (n) animal that only eats grass and other Cows are herbivores and never eat meat. 2 SB 22
plants
palm /pɑːm/ (n) flat, inner part of the hand below the People say that the lines on your palm show your future. 2 SB 22
fingers
shepherd /ˈʃepəd/ (n) person whose job is to look after sheep 2 SB 22
eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/ (adv) in the end Our flight eventually left five hours late. 2 SB 22
familiar (with) /fəˈmɪliə(r)/ (adj) knowing and understanding I’m not familiar with the language of the country but I can always 2 SB 22
learn.

5
violent /ˈvaɪələnt/ (adj) involving physical force that is intended to Students were involved in violent clashes with the police. 2 SB 22
hurt or kill sb
feral /ˈferəl/ (adj) wild; living away from civilization There are a lot of feral cats in the area. They run away if you get 2 SB 23
close.
ape /eɪp/ (n) large animal like a monkey, with no tail 2 SB 23
fictional /ˈfɪkʃənl/ (adj) not real, imagined Sherlock Holmes was a fictional detective created by the writer 2 SB 23
Arthur Conan Doyle.
account /əˈkaʊnt/ (n) a written or spoken description of sth that She gave the police a full account of the incident. 2 SB 23
has happened
separate /ˈsepəreɪt/ (v) move apart Stir the sauce constantly so that it does not separate. 2 SB 23
folklore /ˈfəʊklɔː(r)/ (n) traditional stories of a country According to folklore, you must walk round the tree three times at 2 SB 23
midnight if you want to be rich.
summon /ˈsʌmən/ (v) call sb to help you The Prime Minister summoned his advisors to discuss the problem. 2 SB 23
capture /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ (v) take an animal from freedom The bird escaped from the cage, but was quickly captured again. 2 SB 23
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ (v) know and say who a person is The dead body was finally identified by a relative. It was Sarah 2 SB 23
Briars.
come up to /ˌkʌm ˈʌp tu/ (phr v) to move towards sb, in order to talk to Several people came up to him after his talk. 2 SB 23
them
genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ (adj) real, not fake The diamonds in Janine’s necklace are genuine and worth a lot of 2 SB 23
money.
eye contact /ˈaɪ ˌkɒntækt/ (n) looking into another person’s eyes Students avoid eye contact with a teacher if they don’t know the 2 SB 23
answer to a question.
anthropologist /ˌænθrə (n) person who studies the history and 2 SB 23
ˈpɒlədʒɪst/ development of human life
nomad /ˈnəʊmæd/ (n) a member of a tribe that moves with its It was hard for the nomads to survive in the winter. 2 SB 23
animals from place to place
chase /tʃeɪs/ (v) run after sb / sth in order to catch them My dog likes chasing rabbits. 2 SB 23
leap /liːp/ (n) a long way or high jump With one leap the tiger was on top of the car. 2 SB 23
record /ˈrekɔːd/ (n) written information There are no records of people living over the age of 125. 2 SB 23
companion /kəmˈpæniən/ (n) person or animal that travels or stays with My gran says her cat is a good companion and she never feels alone 2 SB 23
you and stops you being alone when he’s in the house with her.
recover /rɪˈkʌvə(r)/ (v) find sth that was lost The police eventually recovered the stolen paintings. 2 SB 23
barely /ˈbeəli/ (adv) hardly; with difficulty We could barely see the trees in the garden because of the fog. 2 SB 23
keep up /ˌkiːp ˈʌp/ (phr v) walk or run at the same speed as sb Paul was walking so fast I couldn’t keep up. 2 SB 23
bend /bend/ (v) if you bend your arm, leg, etc. you move Bend your knees, keeping your back straight. 2 SB 23
it so that it is no longer straight The knives were bent out of shape.
also: force sth that was straight into an
angle or a curve
upright /ˈʌpraɪt/ (adv) standing straight with head up; not Monkeys walk upright a lot of the time. 2 SB 23
bending
right angle /ˈraɪt ˌæŋgl/ (n) space of ninety degrees (a quarter of a He lay on his back with his arms raised at right angles to his body. 2 SB 23
circle) between two lines or surfaces that
join
astonishing /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ (adj) very surprising; difficult to believe I find it absolutely astonishing that you didn't like it. 2 SB 23

6
come upon /ˈkʌm əˌpɒn/ (phr v) find or meet by chance While we were walking in the forest we came upon a deer that had 2 SB 23
been hurt.
naked /ˈneɪkɪd/ (adj) with no clothes on I slept naked because it was so hot in the room. 2 SB 23
cardboard /ˈkɑːdbɔːd/ (n unc) material made of thick paper The children built a play house out of cardboard boxes. 2 SB 23
protection /prəˈtekʃn/ (n unc) state of being looked after, kept out of He asked to be put under policeprotection. 2 SB 23
danger
milk tooth /ˈmɪlk ˌtuːθ/ (n) first tooth that comes out and is later My sister lost all her milk teeth by the age of six. 2 SB 23
replaced by another stronger tooth
orphanage /ˈɔːfənɪdʒ/ (n) place where children with no parents live After his parents were killed, the young boy lived in an orphanage 2 SB 23
for ten years.
remote /rɪˈməʊt/ (adj) far away from places where other people Our teacher used to live in a remote part of Wales. It was an hour 2 SB 23
live from the nearest town!
dune /djuːn/ (n) small hill of sand formed by the wind, 2 SB 24
near the sea or in a desert
lagoon /ləˈguːn/ (n) area of salt water nearly closed off from We loved to go swimming in the lagoon. 2 SB 24
the sea
pond /pɒnd/ (n) a small area of still water My children like to feed the ducks in the pond. 2 SB 24
plain /pleɪn/ (n) large flat area of land 2 SB 24
hedge /hedʒ/ (n) small trees grown together to separate My dad has to cut the hedge every summer because it grows so high. 2 SB 24
gardens or fields
kayaking /ˈkaɪækɪŋ/ (n) sport where you move across water in 2 SB 24
small canoe-like boats
survival /səˈvaɪvl/ (n unc) the state of continuing to live in a There are many stories of survival after terrible accidents in the 2 SB 25
difficult situation mountains.
wilderness /ˈwɪldənəs/ (n unc) area of land that has never been Adventurers love to explore the wilderness. 2 SB 25
developed because life there would be
too hard
end up /ˌend ˈʌp/ (phr v) find yourself in a place or situation that He was arrested several times and ended up in prison for two years. 2 SB 25
you did not intend to be in
broken-down /ˌbrəʊkən ˈdaʊn/ (adj) (of a vehicle) stopped, impossible to drive The road through the mountains was terrible and we passed several 2 SB 25
broken-down vehicles.
priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ (n unc) most important thing to consider After the long walk in the cold, our first priority was to have a hot 2 SB 25
drink.
civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ (n unc) a place that offers you the comfortable We broke down in the desert, miles away from civilization. 2 SB 25
way of life of a modern society
shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ (n) sth to keep you dry and safe I remember building a shelter in the forest to play in when we were 2 SB 25
children.
put off /ˌpʊt ˈɒf/ (phr v) change to a later time or date Can we put the meeting off until tomorrow? 2 SB 25
enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ (v) make bigger Can you enlarge this photo for me? I’d like to put it on the wall. 2 SB 25
vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ (n unc) plants The area was covered with vegetation of different types and colours. 2 SB 25
moisture /ˈmɔɪstʃə(r)/ (n) small drops of water Sometimes there is moisture on the inside of my bedroom windows in 2 SB 25
the morning.
appetizing /ˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ/ (adj) looking good to eat The dinner was very appetizing and we really enjoyed it. 2 SB 25
face /feɪs/ (v) if you can't face sth unpleasant, you feel I can’t face eating a fried breakfast early in the morning. 2 SB 25
unable or unwilling to deal with it

7
worm /wɜːm/ (n) long, thin creature with no arms or legs Some fishermen use worms to catch fish. 2 SB 25
that lives in soil
nourishing /ˈnʌrɪʃɪŋ/ (adj) (of food) healthy and good for you Fast food is tasty, but not especially nourishing. 2 SB 25
dare /deə(r)/ (v) be brave enough to do sth difficult None of my friends dared climb the school wall when we were young. 2 SB 25
signal /ˈsɪgnəl/ (v) make a sign to attract people The policeman signalled to us to stop the car. 2 SB 25
poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ (adj) dangerous if eaten Did you know that chocolate is poisonous for dogs? They can die if 2 SB 25
they eat a small piece.
recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ (v) advise a particular course of action The report recommended a 10% pay increase. 2 SB 25
troubled /ˈtrʌbld/ (adj) having problems, worrying about things Many troubled young people find help at special centres in the 2 SB 26
community.
in short /ˌɪn ˈʃɔːt/ (phr) to summarize This month I’ve bought a car, been on holiday and redecorated the 2 SB 26
house: in short, I’ve spent too much!
key /kiː/ (adj) most important There are two key points we need to discuss first – we can talk about 2 SB 26
the others later.
courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ (n unc) the ability to do sth dangerous He showed great courage and determination. 2 SB 26
trust /trʌst/ (n unc) belief that sb will do what he/she says Trust is very important in a relationship. You have to believe each 2 SB 26
other.
compassion /kəmˈpæʃn/ (n unc) feeling for and desire to help those who He showed his compassion by giving a million pounds to help rebuild 2 SB 26
have problems or who have less than you the homes after the floods.
have
(be) out of /ˈaʊt əv/ (phr) (have) no more We’re out of bread. Can you buy some later? 2 SB 26
dense /dens/ (adj) thick It was difficult to see anything in the dense fog. 2 SB 27
snow-capped /ˈsnəʊ kæpt/ (adj) (of mountains and hills) covered with The city is located below snow-capped mountains. 2 SB 27
snow on top
in single file /ˌɪn ˌsɪŋgl ˈfaɪl/ (phr) in a line, one person behind another We crossed the narrow bridge in single file. 2 SB 27
addicted to /əˈdɪktɪd tə/ (adj) unable to stop doing sth My uncle’s been addicted to cigarettes since he was twenty. 2 SB 28
hooked (on) /ˈhʊkt/ (adj) addicted to 2 SB 28
litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ (n unc) small pieces of rubbish that people have There will be fines for people who drop litter. 2 SB 28
left lying in a public place
introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ (v) to make sb learn about sth or do sth for The first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the 2 SB 28
the first time course.
depend on /dɪˈpend ɒn/ (phr v) be affected or decided by sth It depends on his decision. 2 SB 28
point of view /ˌpɔɪnt əv ˈvjuː/ (n) opinion; the way you look at sth There were a lot of different points of view on the issue. 2 SB 28
carnival /ˈkɑːnɪvl/ (n) festival that involves music and dancing in There is a local carnival every year. 2 SB 28
the streets for which people wear
brightly-coloured clothes
protest /ˈprəʊtest/ (n) the expression of strong disagreement The director resigned in protest at the decision. 2 SB 28
injured /ˈɪndʒəd/ (adj) physically hurt Luckily, she wasn't injured. 2 SB 28
abandoned /əˈbændənd/ (adj) left and no longer wanted The child was found abandoned, but unharmed. 2 SB 28
squirrel /ˈskwɪrəl/ (n) a small animal with a long thick tail and The squirrel was burying nuts. 2 SB 28
red, grey or black fur
animal welfare /ˌænɪml ˌwelfeər (n) an organization that helps animals in need I’ve joined an animal welfare organization to help protect animals. 2 SB 28
organization ˌɔːgənaɪˈzeɪʃn/

8
instinct /ˈɪnstɪŋkt/ (n) a natural tendency for people and animals His first instinct was to run away. 2 SB 28
to behave in a particular way
manifest /ˈmænɪfest/ (v) appear Social tensions were manifested in the recent political crisis. 2 SB 28
scratch /skrætʃ/ (v) damage your skin slightly with sth sharp I'd scratched my leg and it was bleeding. 2 SB 28
rabies /ˈreɪbiːz/ (n unc) a disease of dogs and other animals that 2 SB 28
causes madness and death
flock /flɒk/ (n) a group of sheep, goats or birds of the A flock of sheep crossed the road. 2 SB 29
same type
pack /pæk/ (n) a group of animals that hunt together Wolves are known to hunt in packs. 2 SB 29
cast /kɑːst/ (n) all the people who act in a play or film The whole cast performs brilliantly. 2 SB 29
panel /ˈpænl/ (n) a group of specialists who give their We have two politicians on tonight's panel. 2 SB 29
advice or opinion about sth
break out /ˌbreɪk ˈaʊt/ (phr v) start suddenly A fight broke out outside the nightclub, but the police didn’t know 2 SB 29
why it started.
pigeon /ˈpɪdʒɪn/ (n) bird often found in parks and sometimes It used to be a popular hobby for people to keep racing pigeons. 2 SB 29
used for racing long distances
lane /leɪn/ (n) a narrow road in the country We drove along a muddy lane to reach the farmhouse. 2 SB 29
threaten /ˈθretn/ (v) say sth bad will happen if sb doesn't do My mum threatened to make me miss the party if I didn’t finish my 2 SB 29
what you want homework.
go on strike /ˌgəʊ ˌɒn ˈstraɪk/ (phr) stop work to force employers to do sth Workers at the factory went on strike when their holiday allowance 2 SB 29
was reduced.
gather /ˈgæðə(r)/ (v) come together A group of people gathered near the scene of the accident. 2 SB 29
spellbound /ˈspelbaʊnd/ (adj) unable to speak or move because of sth I was spellbound when I watched the ballet. 2 SB 29
amazing that you are watching
entire /ɪnˈtaɪə(r)/ (adj) including everything; whole I have never in my entire life heard such nonsense! 2 SB 29
ban /bæn/ (v) forbid sth officially Chemical weapons are banned internationally. 2 SB 30
justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ (v) give an explanation for doing sth How can they justify paying such huge salaries? 2 SB 30
to my mind /tu ˌmaɪ ˈmaɪnd/ (idm) in my opinion To my mind, huge salaries should be banned. 2 SB 30
outright /ˈaʊtraɪt/ (adj) complete and total She was the outright winner. 2 SB 30
rely on /rɪˈlaɪ ˌɒn/ (phr v) depend on I can rely on her in times of trouble. 2 SB 30
furthermore /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)/ (adv) in addition to what has just been said He said he had not discussed the matter with her. Furthermore, he 2 SB 30
had not even contacted her.
restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ (v) limit Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns. 2 SB 30
firmly /ˈfɜːmli/ (adv) in a strong or definite way ‘I can manage,’ she said firmly. 2 SB 30
moreover /mɔːrˈəʊvə(r)/ (adv) in addition A talented artist, he was, moreover, a writer of some note. 2 SB 31
plunge /plʌndʒ/ (v) move suddenly forwards and / or The train left the track and plunged down the embankment. 2 SB 32
downwards
stretch /stretʃ/ (v) spread over an area of land Fields and hills stretched out as far as we could see. 2 SB 32
burglar /ˈbɜːglə(r)/ (n) person who enters other people’s houses Burglars broke into the gallery and stole dozens of paintings. 2 SB 32
to steal things
tap /tæp/ (v) hit very lightly Len tapped on my window to wake me up. 2 SB 32
bank balance /ˈbæŋk ˌbæləns/ (n) amount of money you have in the bank My bank balance was very low last month. 2 SB 32

9
on top of the world /ˌɒn ˌtɒp əv ðə (phr) very happy Jan’s been feeling on top of the world since Mike asked her out. 2 SB 32
ˈwɜːld/
mistake for /mɪsˈteɪk fɔː(r)/ (phr v) think wrongly that sb / sth is sb / sth else He’s often mistaken for someone famous. 2 WB 11
pay through the nose /ˌpeɪ ˌθruː ðə (idm) pay too much money for sth Trust me. You’ll pay through the nose for everything in London. 2 WB 12
ˈnəʊz/
get on (sb's) nerves /ˌget ˌɒn ... (idm) be annoyed by sth / sb My sister is really starting to get on my nerves. 2 WB 12
ˈnɜːvz/
my heart is in the right /maɪ ˌhaːt ˌɪz ˌɪn (idm) used to say that sb's intentions are kind I made a mistake, but my heart is in the right place. 2 WB 12
place ðə ˌraɪt ˈpleɪs/ and sincere even though they sometimes
do the wrong thing
give (sb) the cold /ˌgɪv ... ðə (idm) treat sb in an unfriendly way Ever since our argument he has given me the cold shoulder. 2 WB 12
shoulder ˌkəʊld
ˈʃəʊldə(r)/
put a brave face on it /ˌpʊt ˈɒn ə ˈbreɪv (idm) pretend that you feel confident and happy I’m sure she’s upset and just putting a brave face on it. 2 WB 12
feɪs/ when you do not
behind (sb's) back /bɪˌhaɪnd ... (idm) without sb's knowledge or permission They spoke to the manager behind my back. 2 WB 12
ˈbæk/
go halves with (sb) /ˌgəʊ ˈhɑːvz (phr) pay half the cost with sb That meal was very expensive. I’ll go halves with you. 2 WB 13
wɪð/
after a fashion /ˌɑːftər ə ˈfæʃn/ (idm) to some extent, but not very well I can play the piano, after a fashion. 2 WB 15
(be) at a loss /ət ə ˈlɒs/ (idm) not knowing what to say or do I was at a loss as to how to solve the problem. 2 WB 15
bizarre /bɪˈzɑː(r)/ (adj) very strange Their behaviour was very bizarre. 3 SB 33
hilarious /hɪˈleəriəs/ (adj) extremely funny The new comedy series on Channel four is hilarious. I laughed all the 3 SB 33
way through.
peculiar /pɪˈkjuːliə(r)/ (adj) unpleasantly unusual There was something peculiar in the way he smiled. 3 SB 33
odd /ɒd/ (adj) strange or unusual They're very odd people. 3 SB 33
humorous /ˈhjuːmərəs/ (adj) funny and entertaining He gave a humorous account of their trip to Spain. 3 SB 33
hysterical /hɪˈsterɪkl/ (adj) extremely funny The film was absolutely hysterical. We couldn’t stop laughing. 3 SB 33
also: crying, laughing, etc. in an He became almost hysterical when I told him about the accident.
uncontrolled way
confine (to) /kənˈfaɪn/ (v) keep sb / sth inside the limits of a The work will be confined to the Glasgow area. 3 SB 34
particular area
retired /rɪˈtaɪəd/ (adj) having stopped work because you have Dad is retired now that he’s sixty-five. 3 SB 34
reached a certain age
entertainer /ˌentəˈteɪnə(r)/ (n) a person whose job is amusing people The square was full of street entertainers. 3 SB 34
hook /hʊk/ (n) a curved piece of metal for hanging things Hang your towel on the hook. 3 SB 34
on
fastener /ˈfɑːsnə(r)/ (n) a device, such as a button or a zip, used Can you fix my jacket? The fastener is broken. 3 SB 34
to close a piece of clothing
stuck /stʌk/ (adj) unable to move or to be moved The wheels were stuck in the mud. 3 SB 34
suction /ˈsʌkʃn/ (n unc) the process of removing air from a space Vacuum cleaners work by suction. 3 SB 34
so that two surfaces can stick together

10
sucker /ˈsʌkə(r)/ (n) a special organ on the body of some 3 SB 34

animals that enables them to stick to a
surface
tentacle /ˈtentəkl/ (n) a long, thin part of the body of some A squid uses its tentacles to hold food. 3 SB 34
creatures, such as an octopus, used for
feeling or holding things
villain /ˈvɪlən/ (n) the main bad character in a story He often plays the part of the villain. 3 SB 34
evil /ˈiːvl/ (adj) harmful It’s one of the evil effects of racism. 3 SB 34
grumpy /ˈgrʌmpi/ (adj) bad-tempered He’s just a grumpy old man. 3 SB 34
alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ (adj) different from the usual Many countries are investing in alternative energy. 3 SB 34
echo /ˈekəʊ/ (n) the reflecting of sound off a surface There was an echo on the phone and I couldn't hear clearly. 3 SB 35
sonar /ˈsəʊna:(r)/ (n) equipment or a system for finding objects 3 SB 35
underwater using sound waves
material /məˈtɪəriəl/ (n) a substance that things can be made from What building materials do we need? 3 SB 35
indigestible /ˌɪndɪˈdʒestəbl/ (adj) (of food) that cannot easily be processed Beans can be rather indigestible. 3 SB 35
in the stomach
rubber /ˈrʌbə(r)/ (n unc) a strong substance that can be stretched The box was made from rubber. 3 SB 35
and does not allow liquids to pass through
it
break up /ˌbreɪk ˈʌp/ (phr v) separate into smaller pieces She broke up the chocolate bar and shared it out. 3 SB 35
swallow /ˈswɒləʊ/ (v) make food, drink, etc. go down your Always chew food well before swallowing it. 3 SB 35
throat into your stomach
intestine /ɪnˈtestɪn/ (n) a long tube in the body where food is sent Food passes from the stomach to the small intestine and from there 3 SB 35
to after it leaves the stomach to the large intestine.
(stomach) acid /ˈæsɪd/ (n) sour substance in the stomach that helps It takes a long time for stomach acid to break it down. 3 SB 35
it break up food
chain /tʃəɪn/ (v) fasten sth with a series of connected The doors were always locked and chained. 3 SB 35
metal rings
astounding /əˈstaʊndɪŋ/ (adj) so surprising that it is difficult to believe There was an astounding 20% increase in sales. 3 SB 36
boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ (adj) extremely hot You must be boiling in that sweater! 3 SB 36
filthy /ˈfɪlθi/ (adj) extremely dirty It's filthy in here! 3 SB 36
furious /ˈfjʊəriəs/ (adj) extremely angry He was furious with himself for letting things get so out of control. 3 SB 36
also: with great energy Mark had a furious argument with his boss this morning and he’s
thinking of changing jobs.
hideous /ˈhɪdiəs/ (adj) extremely ugly and unpleasant Their new colour scheme is hideous! 3 SB 36
spotless /ˈspɒtləs/ (adj) extremely clean She cleaned the car before she returned it to me. It was spotless. 3 SB 36
starving /ˈstɑːvɪŋ/ (adj) extremely hungry The images of starving children were very upsetting. 3 SB 36
utterly /ˈʌtəli/ (adv) completely Young children are utterly dependent on their parents. 3 SB 36
seatbelt /ˈsiːt ˌbelt/ (n) a belt that is attached to the seat in a car Fasten your seatbelts. 3 SB 36
to protect you in an accident
fire brigade /ˈfaɪə brɪˌgeɪd/ (n) service that puts out fires When there was smoke in the kitchen we called the fire brigade. 3 SB 36
gently /ˈdʒentli/ (adv) in a quiet and careful way She held the baby gently. 3 SB 37
mental /ˈmentl/ (adj) happening in the mind Do you have a mental picture of what it will look like? 3 SB 38

11
giggle /ˈgɪgl/ (n) a slight, silly repeated laugh She gave a nervous giggle. 3 SB 38
hang on /ˌhæŋ ˈɒn/ (phr v) wait Can you hang on a minute? I can’t find my keys. 3 SB 38
make it /ˈmeɪk ɪt/ (idm) complete a task successfully He never really made it as an actor. 3 SB 38
get (sb) down /ˌget … ˈdaʊn/ (phr v) make sb feel sad or depressed Rainy weather really gets me down. 3 SB 38
work out /ˌwɜːk ˈaʊt/ (phr v) find; discover I’ve finally worked out the solution. 3 SB 38
estate agent /ɪˈsteɪt ˌeɪdʒənt/ (n) a person whose job is to sell houses and The estate agent took them around the house. 3 SB 38
land for people
intruder /ɪnˈtruːdə(r)/ (n) a person who enters a building illegally The intruder fired at least one more shot at the guard, then ran. 3 SB 38
be into /ˌbi ˈɪntuː/ (phr v) be interested in He’s really into computer games. 3 SB 38
give it a go /ˌgɪv ɪt ə ˈgəʊ/ (phr) try sth even if success is uncertain I’ve never done it before, but I’ll give it a go. 3 SB 38
junk /dʒʌŋk/ (n unc) things that are considered useless or of I've cleared out all that old junk in the attic. 3 SB 38
little value
be worth /bi wɜːθ/ (phr) recommended because it might be useful, The museum is certainly worth a visit. 3 SB 38
enjoyable, etc.
rebellious /rɪˈbeljəs/ (adj) not willing to obey rules or accept normal I was very rebellious when I was a teenager and refused to do what 3 SB 40
standards of behaviour my parents wanted.
unconventional /ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənl/ (adj) not the same as everyone else, doing Our new teacher is quite unconventional. He lets us sit on the floor. 3 SB 40
things differently
survey /ˈsɜːveɪ/ (n) an investigation of the opinions, A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were in favour of 3 SB 40
behaviour, etc. of a particular group of the plan.
people
tie in with /ˌtaɪ ˈɪn ˌwɪð/ (phr v) have a link with The results from our survey tie in with the results from schools in 3 SB 40
other areas.
firstborn /ˈfɜːstbɔːn/ (adj) a person's first child I was the firstborn child. 3 SB 40
matter /ˈmætə(r)/ (n) a subject or situation that you must They had important matters to discuss. 3 SB 40
consider or deal with
findings /ˈfaɪndɪŋz/ (n pl) the results of research or surveys The findings of the commission will be published today. 3 SB 40
extend /ɪkˈstend/ (v) make sth longer We’re going to extend the kitchen by two metres. 3 SB 40
put up with /ˌpʊt ˈʌp ˌwɪð/ (phr v) accept sth that is annoying without He put up with the extra work he was given. 3 SB 41
complaining
put (sb) down /ˌpʊt … ˈdaʊn/ (phr v) make sb look or feel stupid, esp. in front Why do you always put me down? 3 SB 41
of other people
put (sb) up /ˌpʊt … ˈʌp/ (phr v) let sb stay at your home I’m putting my brother up for a week. 3 SB 41
put (sth) down to /ˌpʊt … ˈdaʊn (phr v) to consider that sth is caused by sth I put my success down to luck. 3 SB 41
ˌtu/
overthrow /ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/ (v) replace by force The government was overthrown by a group of rebels. 3 SB 41
put down /ˌpʊt ˈdaʊn/ (phr v) stop sth by force The military government is determined to put down all opposition. 3 SB 41
also: pay part of the cost of sth You need to put down a £100 deposit.
revolt /rɪˈvɒlt/ (n) a protest against authority Attempts to negotiate peace ended in armed revolt. 3 SB 41
shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ (n unc) not enough of sth There’s been a water shortage this summer because of the hot 3 SB 41
weather.
put (sb) up to (sth) /ˌpʊt … ˈʌp … (phr v) encourage or persuade sb to do sth wrong She put him up to the challenge. 3 SB 41
ˌtu/ or stupid

12
vandalize /ˈvændəlaɪz/ (v) damage sth for fun Our car was vandalized last night. The windows were broken and 3 SB 41
there was white paint all over it.
accommodate /əˈkɒmədeɪt/ (v) provide sb with a room or place to sleep The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 3 SB 41
suppress /səˈpres/ (v) stop sth like an attack or strong desire The government has suppressed attempts to change the law on 3 SB 41
hunting.
humiliate /hjuːˈmɪlieɪt/ (v) make sb look silly Good teachers don’t humiliate students in front of their friends. 3 SB 41
tolerate /ˈtɒləreɪt/ (v) put up with sth This sort of behaviour will not be tolerated. 3 SB 41
bump into (sb) /ˌbʌmp ˈɪntu/ (phr v) meet sb by chance I bumped into Martin in town. 3 SB 42
loads (of) /ˈləʊdz/ (n pl) a large number or amount She's got loads of friends. 3 SB 42
goodness knows /ˈgʊdnəs nəʊz/ (idm) used to emphasize that you do not know Goodness knowswhat time they’ll get here. 3 SB 42
sth
play practical jokes /ˌpleɪ ˈpræktɪkl (phr) play tricks on sb to make them look stupid He’s always playing practical jokes on people. 3 SB 42
ˌdʒəʊks/ and to make other people laugh
harmless /ˈhɑːmləs/ (adj) unlikely to cause damage The bacteria are harmless to humans. 3 SB 42
fake /feɪk/ (adj) not genuine It’s so cheap it must be fake. 3 SB 42
spot /spɒt/ (v) notice sth I finally spotted my friend in the crowd. 3 SB 42
company /ˈkʌmpəni/ (n unc) the fact of being with sb else and not I enjoy Jo's company. 3 SB 42
alone
optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ (adj) thinking good things are going to happen I’m optimistic about my results. I think they’re going to be good! 3 SB 44
impersonal /ɪmˈpɜːsənl/ (adj) not very friendly or showing an interest in The letter from the company was very impersonal and didn’t 3 SB 44
individuals encourage me to want to work there.
overall /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ (adv) in total; generally The company will invest $1.6m overall in new equipment. 3 SB 44
barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ (n) sth that separates two areas The police put up a barrier to keep people away from the film star. 3 SB 44
force /fɔːs/ (v) make sb do sth that they do not want to The President was forced to resign. 3 SB 44
do
roll about /ˌrəʊl əˈbaʊt/ (phr v) be laughing so much that you can hardly The film’s so funny you’ll roll about with laughter. 3 WB 17
control yourself
at the forefront /ət ðə ˈfɔːfrʌnt/ (idm) sth / sb that leads the way for sth new This band is at the forefront of a completely new trend in music. 3 WB 17
take to the streets /ˌteɪk tu ðə (phr) walk around in the streets People are taking to the streets in protest. 3 WB 17
ˈstriːts/
pull apart /ˌpʊl əˈpɑːt/ (phr v) separate by pulling in different directions The meat was so soft I could just pull it apart. 3 WB 17
pull off /ˌpʊl ˈɒf/ (phr v) succeed in doing sth difficult They pulled off the presentation and got the contract. 3 WB 17
pull over /ˌpʊl ˈəʊvə(r)/ (phr v) (of a vehicle or its driver) to move to the The police made him pull over. 3 WB 17
side of the road in order to stop
pull through /ˌpʊl ˈθruː/ (phr v) get better after a serious illness He’ll pull through. He’s a strong man. 3 WB 17
pull myself together /ˌpʊl maɪˌself tə (phr v) take control of my feelings and behave in It was difficult to pull myself together after hearing the news. 3 WB 17
ˈgeðə(r)/ a calm way
think of /ˈθɪŋk ˌəv/ (phr v) consider sb/sth in a particular way What do you think of dinner? 3 WB 19
run up against /ˌrʌn ˈʌp əˌgenst/ (phr v) face sth difficult The council ran up against a lot of opposition when they decided to 3 WB 19
build a big block of flats in the park.
cost a fortune /ˌkɒst ə (phr) cost a lot of money Dinner was nice, but it cost a fortune! 3 WB 20
ˈfɔːtʃuːn/

13
sign up /ˌsaɪn ˈʌp/ (phr v) sign a form which says that you agree to I’ve signed up to do a marathon next year. 3 WB 21
do a job or take part in sth
blast off /ˌblɑːst ˈɒf / (phr v) leave Earth suddenly (as in a rocket) The rocket blasted off at noon. 3 WB 21
draw the line (at) /ˌdrɔː ðə ˈlaɪn/ (idm) put a limit on I sometimes use other people’s ideas but I draw theline at copying 3 WB 21
their work directly.
inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ (v) give sb creative ideas The hills and mountains inspired many of his paintings. 4 SB 45
admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ (v) respect a person for what they have done I really admire people who have worked hard to get to the top of 4 SB 45
their professions.
inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ (n) person who creates sth new such as a James Watt was a famous inventor who made the first steam train. 4 SB 45
machine
distract /dɪˈstrækt/ (v) take sb's attention away from sth they are You're distracting me from my work. 4 SB 46
trying to do
gadget /ˈgædʒɪt/ (n) a small tool or device that does sth useful He always has to buy the latest gadget. 4 SB 46
go through /ˌgəʊ ˈθruː/ (phr v) experience or suffer sth He's amazingly cheerful considering all he's had to go through. 4 SB 46
sheer /ʃɪə(r)/ (adj) used to emphasize the size, degree or The area is under threat from the sheer number of tourists visiting 4 SB 46
amount of sth it.
liken (sth/sb) to /ˈlaɪkən … tuː/ (phr v) compare one person or thing to another I’ve been likened to David Beckham. 4 SB 46
and say they are similar
process /ˈprəʊses / (n) a series of things that are done in order to I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process. 4 SB 46
achieve a particular result
state of mind /ˌsteɪt əv (phr) way of thinking I have to be in a particular state of mind to write. 4 SB 46
ˈmaɪnd/
turn into /ˌtɜːn ˈɪntu/ (phr v) make sb / sth become sb / sth else You turn into a horrible person when you’re under stress. 4 SB 46
image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ (n) a mental picture I had a mental image of what she would look like. 4 SB 46
tortured /ˈtɔːtʃəd/ (adj) suffering severely She fell into a tortured sleep. 4 SB 46
clog (up) /klɒg/ (v) become blocked Within a few years, the pipes began to clog up. 4 SB 46
editor /ˈedɪtə(r)/ (n) sb who prepares a film, song, book, etc. The editor reduced four hours of film to two hours. 4 SB 46
for being shown or broadcast by deciding
what to include, and what order it should
be in
interfere with /ˌɪntəˈfɪə wɪð/ (phr v) prevent sth from happening as planned She never allows her personal feelings to interfere with her work. 4 SB 46
run wild /ˌrʌn ˈwaɪld/ (idm) grow or develop freely without any Parts of the city have run wild. 4 SB 46
control
fragment /ˈfrægmənt/ (n) a small part of sth Police found fragments of glass near the scene. 4 SB 46
frustrating /ˈfrʌstreɪtɪŋ/ (adj) causing you to feel annoyed and impatient It's frustrating to have to wait so long. 4 SB 46
disciplined /ˈdɪsəplɪnd/ (adj) keeping your behaviour under control She has a disciplined approach to work. 4 SB 46
awkward /ˈɔːkwəd/ (adj) difficult to deal with Don't ask awkward questions. 4 SB 46
pace /peɪs/ (v) walk up and down in a small area many She paced up and down outside the room. 4 SB 46
times
get on with (sth) /ˌget ˈɒn wɪð/ (phr v) continue doing sth, esp. after an It was difficult to get on with my work with all of the noise. 4 SB 46
interruption
pretty /ˈprɪti/ (adv) quite; fairly I'm pretty sure I'll be going. 4 SB 47
domestic /dəˈmestɪk/ (adj) connected with the home or family I hate domestic chores like cooking, cleaning and ironing. 4 SB 47

14
chore /tʃɔː(r)/ (n) a task that you do regularly I do the domestic chores on a Thursday. 4 SB 47
define /dɪˈfaɪn/ (v) show sth accurately We need to define the task very clearly. 4 SB 47
loneliness /ˈləʊnlinəs/ (n unc) the state of being unhappy because you It was a period of loneliness in his life. 4 SB 47
are alone
snatch /snætʃ/ (n) a very small part of sth I only caught snatches of the conversation. 4 SB 47
lyrics /ˈlɪrɪks/ (n pl) the words of a song The lyrics of the song made me cry. 4 SB 47
spurt /spɜːt/ (n) an amount of sth that comes out with The water came out of the tap in spurts. 4 SB 47
great force
poppy /ˈpɒpi/ (adj) popular; having a wide appeal, esp. of That band's lastest record is very poppy. 4 SB 47
music, a group, etc.
flow /fləʊ/ (n) the steady and continuous movement of There was a steady flow of traffic through the city. 4 SB 47
sth in one direction
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ (n) an object or a piece of equipment that This device enables deaf people to communicate by typing messages 4 SB 47
has been designed to do a particular job instead of speaking
also: a method of doing sth that produces Postal advertising is a very successful marketing device.
a particular result
interruption /ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃn/ (n) temporary stop of an activity I managed to work for two hours without interruption. 4 SB 47
science-fiction /ˌsaɪəns ˈfɪkʃn/ (n unc) a type of film that is based on imagined A lot of science-fiction from the past has actually become reality 4 SB 48
scientific discoveries of the future today.
moving /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ (adj) sad, making you want to cry She gave a moving account of her experiences in Africa. 4 SB 48
gripping /ˈgrɪpɪŋ/ (adj) so good you can’t stop watching because It was such a gripping film. 4 SB 48
you want to know what happens, exciting
powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ (adj) having a strong effect on your mind or Fear is a powerful emotion. 4 SB 48
body
stunt /stʌnt/ (n) dangerous action in a film Most actors don't do their own stunts. 4 SB 48
peace /piːs/ (n) a period of time in which there is no war After years of war, the people long for a lasting peace. 4 SB 48
or violence in a country or an area
dove /dʌv/ (n) a small white bird which is a type of 4 SB 48
pigeon
feather /ˈfeðə(r)/ (n) one of the many soft light parts covering a 4 SB 48
bird’s body
beak /biːk/ (n) the hard pointed or curved outer part of a The bird held the fish in its beak. 4 SB 48
bird's mouth
peck /pek/ (v) when a bird bites A bird pecked me on the arm and I’ve got a red mark now. 4 SB 48
splendid /ˈsplendɪd/ (adj) very impressive What a splendid idea! 4 SB 49
overhear /ˌəʊvəˈhɪə(r)/ (v) hear, esp. by accident, a conversation in We talked quietly so as not to be overheard. 4 SB 50
which you are not involved
supplier /səˈplaɪə(r)/ (n) a person or company that provides goods I am expecting a delivery from my supplier. 4 SB 50
dairy /ˈdeəri/ (adj) made from milk The doctor told me to eat less red meat and dairy products. 4 SB 50
find out /ˌfaɪnd ˈaʊt/ (phr v) discover; get some information Can you find out what time the show starts? 4 SB 50
take up /ˌteɪk ˈʌp/ (phr v) learn or start to do sth, esp. for pleasure I’m going to take up Spanish this summer. 4 SB 50
give up /ˌgɪv ˈʌp/ (phr v) stop doing or having sth I’m going to give up sugar for a month. 4 SB 50

15
installation /ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃn/ (n) a piece of modern sculpture that is made The installation will be displayed for six months. 4 SB 51
using sound, light, etc. as well as objects
also: a piece of equipment or machinery
that has been fixed in position so that it
can be used
showcase /ˈʃəʊkeɪs/ (n) a box with a glass top or sides that is used The showcase displayed some of the most important items of the 4 SB 51
for showing objects in a shop or store, time.
museum, etc.
reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/ (n unc) known by many people for sth Our shop has a great reputation for quality products. 4 SB 52
reserved /rɪˈzɜːvd/ (adj) not showing a lot of emotion People of my grandparents’ age are usually much more reserved than 4 SB 52
younger people.
Renaissance /rɪˈneɪsns/ (n) the period in Europe during the 4 SB 52
fourteenth - sixteenth centuries when
people became interested in art,
literature, etc.
a man before his time /ə ˌmæn bɪˈfɔː (phr) sb with advanced new ideas that other Da Vinci was a man before his time. 4 SB 52
hɪz ˈtaɪm/ people use or copy later
genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/ (n) person with a great talent or unusual A boy in our class is a genius. He can do any mathematical problems 4 SB 52
intelligence in his head!
renowned /rɪˈnaʊnd/ (adj) famous The city is renowned for its beautiful churches and museums. 4 SB 52
inquiring /ɪnˈkwaɪərɪŋ/ (adj) curious, wanting to learn new things Jack’s inquiring mind has led him into all sorts of trouble! 4 SB 52
apprentice to /əˈprentɪs tə/ (v) employed to work with sb to learn the job Many young artists were apprenticed to successful artists to learn 4 SB 52
from them.
walk out on (sb) /ˌwɔːk ˈaʊt ɒn/ (phr v) abandon sb He walked out on his family when they were young. 4 SB 53
accuse (sb) of /əˈkjuːz … əv/ (v) say sb has done sth wrong The teacher accused Stan of cheating in the exam. 4 SB 53
take apart /ˌteɪk əˈpɑːt/ (phr v) separate a machine or piece of equipment He took the computer apart and rebuilt it. 4 SB 53
into the different parts that it is made of We were simply taken apart by the other team.
also: defeat sb easily in a game or
competition
take in /ˌteɪk ˈɪn/ (phr v) make sb believe sth that is not true He was taken in by their story. 4 SB 53
also: understand or remember sth that Halfway through the chapter, I realized I hadn't taken anything in.
you hear or read
take off /ˌteɪk ˈɒf/ (phr v) copy sb's voice, actions or manner in an He’s able to take off lots of famous people. 4 SB 53
amusing way Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.
also: (of an idea, a product, etc.) become
popular very quickly
take on /ˌteɪk ˈɒn/ (phr v) employ sb She was taken on as a trainee. 4 SB 53
also: agree to be responsible for sb or sth I can't take on any extra work.
take up /ˌteɪk ˈʌp/ (phr v) make a piece of clothing shorter This skirt needs taking up. 4 SB 53
relocate /ˌriːləʊˈkeɪt/ (v) move to another area usu. because of My friend’s family relocated to London because her father was 4 SB 53
work promoted.
deceive /dɪˈsiːv/ (v) make sb believe sth that is not true Her husband had been deceiving her for years. 4 SB 53
car chase /ˈkɑː ˌtʃeɪs/ (n) a scene in a film with fast cars chasing 4 SB 54
one another
light-hearted /ˌlaɪtˈhɑːtɪd/ (adj) intended to be amusing or easily It was a light-hearted look at the political situation. 4 SB 54
enjoyable rather than too serious
stand out /ˌstænd ˈaʊt/ (phr v) be much better Her results made her stand out from the other applicants. 4 SB 54

16
sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd/ (adj) clever and complicated Medical techniques are becoming more sophisticated. 4 SB 55
revolve around /rɪˌvɒlv əˈraʊnd/ (phr v) have as the main subject The module revolves around European politics. 4 SB 55
attempt /əˈtempt/ (n) an act of trying to do sth I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 4 SB 55
shadowy /ˈʃædəʊi/ (adj) mysterious The shadowy world of politics is a worrying thing. 4 SB 55
launch /lɔːntʃ/ (v) start an organized activity The prince launched the opening ceremony. 4 SB 55
foil /fɔɪl/ (v) prevent sb from doing sth Customs officials foiled an attempt to smuggle the paintings out of 4 SB 55
the country.
script /skrɪpt/ (n) a written text of a film That line isn't in the original script. 4 SB 55
witty /ˈwɪti/ (adj) clever and amusing She’s such a witty speaker. 4 SB 55
snappy /ˈsnæpi/ (adj) clever or amusing and short The slogan needs to be snappy. 4 SB 55
visually /ˈvɪʒuəli/ (adj) connected with seeing or sight The artwork is visually appealing. 4 SB 55
superb /suːˈpɜːb/ (adj) of very good quality The car's in superb condition. 4 SB 55
hallmark /ˈhɔːlmɑːk/ (n) a sign, typical feature This painting has the hallmark of a great master. 4 SB 55
complex /ˈkɒmpleks/ (adj) difficult to understand The argument was complex and difficult to follow. 4 SB 55
fault /fɔːlt/ (v) criticize Her colleagues could not fault her dedication to the job. 4 SB 55
wholeheartedly /ˌhəʊlˈhɑːtɪdli/ (adv) completely, enthusiastically I wholeheartedly agree with your ideas. 4 SB 55
infect /ɪnˈfekt/ (v) pass an illness on to sb Unfortunately the programme infected other software, too. 4 SB 56
also: make a computer virus spread to
another computer or program
trip over /ˌtrɪp ˈəʊvə(r)/ (v) fall over sth I broke my leg when I tripped over the bag on the floor. 4 SB 56
wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/ (adj) morally bad; evil That was a wicked deed. 4 SB 56
witch /wɪtʃ/ (n) woman from traditional stories who has 4 SB 56
evil magical powers
hang around /hæŋ əˈraʊnd/ (phr v) wait near a place, not doing very much I had to hang around all day waiting for him. 4 SB 56
pick up /ˌpɪk ˈʌp/ (phr v) take away from the floor She picked up the rubbish and put it in the bin. 4 SB 56
also: allow sb to get into your vehicle and The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.
take them somewhere
shut down /ˌʃʌt ˈdaʊn / (phr v) turn off You need to shut down your computer at the end of the day. 4 SB 56
start off /ˌstɑːt ˈɒf/ (phr v) begin happening The discussion started off mildly enough. 4 SB 56
think up /ˌθɪŋk ˈʌp/ (phr v) invent We need to think up a good reason. 4 SB 56
fête /feɪt/ (n) open-air summer event where people can 4 SB 56
play games, buy food and drink, etc.
partnership /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/ (n) cooperation He developed his own program in partnership with an American 4 SB 56
expert.
take (sb) aback /ˌteɪk əˈbæk/ (phr v) shock; surprise sb very much He was taken aback by her sad news. 4 SB 56
impersonate /ɪmˈpɜːsəneɪt/ (v) pretend to be sb The comedian impersonates the Prime Minister wonderfully. He 4 SB 56
sounds just like him!
cope (with) /kəʊp/ (v) manage He wasn't able to cope with the stresses and strains of the job. 4 SB 56
off the coast /ˌɒf ðə ˈkəʊst/ (phr) at a short distance from the coast Aran Islands areoff the west coast of Ireland. 4 WB 25
pose a problem /ˌpəʊz ə (idm) make difficult His age poses a problem. We really need someone older. 4 WB 25
ˈprɒbləm/

17
meet up /ˌmiːt ˈʌp/ (phr v) meet sb, esp. by arrangement Shall we meet up on Tuesday? 4 WB 26
come up with /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ (phr v) find or produce an answer No one could come up with a solution to the problem. 4 WB 27
sort out /ˌsɔːt ˈaʊt/ (phr v) organize sth in a satisfactory way The cupboards need sorting out. 4 WB 27
cheat /tʃiːt/ (v) trick or deceive sb He cheated his way into the job. 5 SB 57
forgery /ˈfɔːdʒəri/ (n) sth written that is not real but made to The letter wasn’t really written by John Lennon. It’s an obvious 5 SB 57
look like it forgery.
own up /ˌəʊn ˈʌp/ (phr v) admit you did sth, say it was you Someone damaged the teacher’s car. No one owned up so we all had 5 SB 57
to stay after school.
accidentally /ˌæksɪˈdentəli/ (adv) by chance As I turned around, I accidentally hit him in the face. 5 SB 57
crack /kræk/ (v) break sth without dividing into separate I accidentally knocked over the cup and cracked it. 5 SB 57
segments
ornament /ˈɔːnəmənt/ (n) a small object used as a decoration They brought the Christmas tree ornaments. 5 SB 57
give away /ˌgɪv əˈweɪ/ (phr v) give sth as a gift He gave away most of his money to charity. 5 SB 57
also: reveal She gave away state secrets to the enemy.
con /kɒn/ (n) trick, act of cheating sb The telephone competition was a con, but lots of people believed it. 5 SB 58
fraud /frɔːd/ (n unc) the crime of deceiving sb to get money He went to prison for fraud after he was caught stealing money from 5 SB 58
illegally the company.
impostor /ɪmˈpɒstə(r)/ (n) sb who isn’t who he says he is They thought Matthew was their cousin but he was an impostor. 5 SB 58
pose as /ˈpəʊz əz/ (phr) pretend to be The man posed as a window cleaner and stole all her money. 5 SB 58
legitimate /ləˈdʒɪtɪmət/ (adj) allowed and acceptable according to the Is his business strictly legitimate? 5 SB 58
law
graduate / ˈɡrædʒueɪt/ (v) get a degree from a university or college Only three students graduated in Czech studies. 5 SB 59
surgeon /ˈsɜːdʒən/ (n) doctor who does operations Lenny’s uncle is a surgeon and does heart operations. 5 SB 59
troops /truːps/ (n pl) armed forces The troops who were abroad for Christmas received special food 5 SB 59
parcels.
citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ (n) a person who lives in a particular place When you're old, people treat you like a second-class citizen. 5 SB 59
station /ˈsteɪʃn/ (v) send sb from one of the armed forces to The army stationed him in Germany for six months. 5 SB 59
work in a place for a period of time
post mortem /ˌpəʊst ˈmɔːtəm/ (n) a medical examination of the body of a The post mortem showed he was murdered. 5 SB 59
dead person
in fact /ɪn ˈfækt/ (idm) in reality I thought the work would be difficult. In fact, it's very easy. 5 SB 59
principal /ˈprɪnsəpl/ (n) the person who is in charge of a college or My dad is principal of St John's College. 5 SB 59
a university
confess /kənˈfes/ (v) say you have done sth bad The criminal confessed to ten robberies. 5 SB 59
run away /ˌrʌn əˈweɪ/ (phr v) leave a place suddenly; escape from a He ran away from home at the age of thirteen. 5 SB 59
place
release /rɪˈliːs/ (v) allow out of prison The murderer was released after only three years in prison. 5 SB 59
combat /ˈkɒmbæt/ (v) stop sth harmful from happening The government introduced measures to combat crime. 5 SB 59
flock /flɒk/ (v) go or gather together in a large group People flocked to the shops when the sales began. 5 SB 59
address /əˈdres/ (v) make a formal speech to a group of The President has been asked to address the assembly. 5 SB 59
people
the wild /ðə ˈwaɪld/ (n) a natural environment that is not The animals were released back into the wild when they had 5 SB 59
controlled by people recovered.

18
incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ (adj) impossible or very difficult to believe It seemed incredible that she had been there a week already. 5 SB 59
profess /prəˈfes/ (v) claim that sth is true She still professes her innocence. 5 SB 59
public /ˈpʌblɪk/ (adj) known to people in general Details of the government report have not yet been made public. 5 SB 59
mental asylum /ˌmentl ə (n) an institution where mentally ill people After numerous incidents he was put in a mental asylum. 5 SB 59
ˈsaɪləm/ live
ruler /ˈruːlə(r)/ (n) sb who has authority over a country, a The king is the ruler of the country. 5 SB 59
group of people, etc.
revolutionary /ˌrevəˈluːʃənəri/ (n) a person who starts or supports a She was a revolutionary who changed the way the country was run. 5 SB 59
revolution, esp. a political one
conclude /kənˈkluːd/ (v) believe sth as a result of what you have What do you conclude from that? 5 SB 59
heard or seen
pass away /ˌpɑːs əˈweɪ/ (phr v) die My uncle passed away last weekend. 5 SB 59
subsequent /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ (adj) happening after sth else Subsequent events confirmed our doubts. 5 SB 59
beyond doubt /bɪˌjɒnd ˈdaʊt/ (idm) in a way that sth is completely certain The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to 5 SB 59
heart disease.
influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ (adj) having the power to affect the way sb She is one of the most influential figures in local politics. 5 SB 59
behaves and thinks
bellow /ˈbeləʊ/ (v) shout in a loud voice The teacher bellowed at me to leave the classroom immediately. 5 SB 60
grumble /ˈgrʌmbl/ (v) complain about sb / sth in a bad- She's always grumbling about how badly she's treated at work. 5 SB 60
tempered way
mumble /ˈmʌmbl/ (v) speak in a low voice, unclearly He mumbled something about being late and left. 5 SB 60
murmur /ˈmɜːmə(r)/ (v) speak in a low voice I heard Beth murmur something to Helen in class. 5 SB 60
mutter /ˈmʌtə(r)/ (v) say sth in a quiet voice that is difficult to ‘How dare she,’ he muttered under his breath. 5 SB 60
hear
shriek /ʃriːk/ (v) give a loud high shout She shrieked in fright. 5 SB 60
whisper /ˈwɪspə(r)/ (v) speak very quietly to sb so that other Don't you know it's rude to whisper? 5 SB 60
people cannot hear what you are saying
object (to) /əbˈdʒekt/ (v) not agree to sth The people in the area objected to the plans for a new car park. 5 SB 60
beg /beg/ (v) ask for sth in an anxious way He wants them to beg for forgiveness. 5 SB 60
order /ˈɔːdə(r)/ (v) use your position of authority to tell sb to They were ordered out of the class for fighting. 5 SB 61
do sth
managing director /ˌmænədʒɪŋ dɪ (n) the person who is in charge of a business The managing director makes key financial decisions every day. 5 SB 61
ˈrektə(r)/
kidnapper /ˈkɪdnæpə(r)/ (n) sb who takes people illegally and makes The kidnappers wanted a million pounds to give the baby back to its 5 SB 61
others pay money to get them back parents.
carpenter /ˈkɑːpəntə(r)/ (n) person who makes and repairs wooden We employed a carpenter to build us new doors and shelves. 5 SB 61
objects
choir /ˈkwaɪə(r)/ (n) group of people who sing together in a 5 SB 62
church
adopt /əˈdɒpt/ (v) choose a new name and begin to use it as When he grew up, he adopted the name of Frank. 5 SB 62
your own
conductor /kənˈdʌktə(r)/ (n) a person who stands in front of an 5 SB 62
orchestra, a group of singers, etc. and
directs their performance

19
at the time /ət ðə ˈtaɪm/ (phr) then I wasn’t sure at the time, but now I know I’m right. 5 SB 62
bang into /ˌbæŋ ˈɪntu/ (phr v) hit sth by mistake I hurt my leg when I banged into the table. 5 SB 62
stand up for /ˌstænd ˈʌp (phr v) support or defend sb / sth People use social media to stand up for the rights of many people. 5 SB 62
ˈfɔː(r)/
on balance /ɒn ˈbæləns/ (phr) generally, taking everything into On balance, the company has had a successful year. 5 SB 63
consideration
break down /ˌbreɪk ˈdaʊn/ (phr v) (of a machine or vehicle) to stop working The car broke down on the side of the road. 5 SB 63
because of a fault
on the way /ˌɒn ðə ˈweɪ/ (idm) during the journey Our car broke down on the way to Manchester. 5 SB 63
aware /əˈweə(r)/ (adj) know or realize sth He was aware of the problem. 5 SB 64
sane /seɪn/ (adj) not mad The killer was quite sane when he murdered the woman. 5 SB 64
referee /ˌrefəˈriː/ (n) the official who controls the game in He was sent off for arguing with the referee. 5 SB 64
some sports
volcano /vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/ (n) a mountain with a large opening at the An active volcano may erupt at any time. 5 SB 64
top through which gases and lava are
forced out into the air
erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ (v) when a volcano starts to send hot liquid Hundreds of villagers had to leave their homes when the volcano 5 SB 64
and ash into the air erupted.
questionable /ˈkwestʃənəbl/ (adj) that you have doubts about because you It is questionable whether this is a good way of solving the problem. 5 SB 65
think it is not accurate or correct
computer-generated /kəmˌpjuːtə (adj) not real, made by a computer The film has lots of computer-generated characters. 5 SB 65
ˈdʒenəreɪtɪd/
indistinguishable (from) /ˌɪndɪ (adj) if two things are indistinguishable, it is The male of the species is almost indistinguishable from the female. 5 SB 65
ˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbl/ impossible to see any differences between
them
sink /sɪŋk/ (v) go down under the water My model boat started to sink. 5 SB 65
speak out (against sth) /ˌspiːk ˈaʊt/ (phr v) state your opinions publicly, esp. against They spoke out against the government’s proposal. 5 SB 65
sth
get to the point /ˌget tu ðə (phr) say exactly what you think I wish he would get to the point. 5 SB 65
ˈpɔɪnt/
get the wrong end of /ˌget ðəˈrɒŋ ˈend (idm) understand sth in the wrong way Sorry. I think you’ve got the wrong end of the stick. I agree with 5 SB 65
the stick əv dəˈstɪk/ your suggestion.
talk behind (sb’s) back /ˌtɔːk bɪˈhaɪnd … (phr) talk badly about sb without their Have you been talking about me behind my back? 5 SB 65
ˈbæk/ knowledge
talk down to (sb) /ˌtɔːk ˈdaʊn tu/ (phr v) speak to sb as if they were less important 5 SB 65
or intelligent than you
talk (sb) into (sth) /ˌtɔːk … ˈɪntu … / (phr v) persuade sb to do sth He was talked into staying out late. 5 SB 65
misunderstand /ˌmɪsʌndə (v) fail to understand sb/sth correctly I completely misunderstood her intentions. 5 SB 65
ˈstænd/
injustice /ɪnˈdʒʌstɪs/ (n) the fact of a situation being unfair and of The report exposes the injustices of the system. 5 SB 65
people not being treated equally
direct /dɪˈrekt/ (adj) saying exactly what you think Please be direct with me. I need to know your opinion of the work. 5 SB 65
congested /kənˈdʒəstɪd/ (adj) full of vehicles or traffic Many of Europe's airports are heavily congested. 5 SB 66

20
dilapidated /dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtɪd/ (adj) (of furniture and buildings) old and in very The area is full of dilapidated buildings. 5 SB 66
bad condition
dreary /ˈdrɪəri/ (adj) dull and not interesting It was a long and dreary journey on the train. 5 SB 66
extortionate /ɪkˈstɔːʃənət/ (adj) (of prices) much too high The prices they charge are extortionate. 5 SB 66
dire /ˈdaɪə(r)/ (adj) very serious Such action may have dire consequences. 5 SB 66
renovation /ˌrenəˈveɪʃn/ (n unc) making all necessary changes to an old The hospital is in need of renovation. 5 SB 66
building, a piece of furniture, etc. so that
it is in good condition again
packed out /ˌpækt ˈaʊt/ (adj) completely full of people or things The stadium was packed out for the game. 5 SB 66
run-down /ˌrʌnˈdaʊn/ (adj) (of a building or place) in very bad Many of the buildings are run-down and in need of repair. 5 SB 66
condition
deal /diːl/ (n) agreement Did you make a deal? 5 SB 66
warts and all /ˌwɔːts ən ˈɑːl/ (idm) including all the bad or unpleasant She told the story to the newspaper – warts and all. 5 SB 66
features
greasy /ˈgriːsi/ (adj) cooked with too much oil The sink was piled high with greasy dishes. 5 SB 66
drawback /ˈdrɔːbæk/ (n) disadvantage The main drawback to it is the cost. 5 SB 67
eyesore /ˈaɪsɔː(r)/ (n) an object that is unpleasant to look at That old factory is a real eyesore! 5 SB 67
it’s a shame /ɪts ə ˈʃeɪm/ (phr) it is disappointing It’s a shame you can’t stay longer. 5 SB 67
deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ (v) say that sth is not true The spokesman refused either to confirm or deny the reports. 5 SB 67
sincere /sɪnˈsɪə(r)/ (adj) showing what you really think or feel Please accept our sincere thanks. 5 SB 68
measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ (v) find the size of sth He's gone to be measured for a new suit. 5 SB 68
also: be a particular size, length, amount, The main bedroom measures three metres by four metres.
etc.
instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ (n) a tool or device used for scientific work It’s an instrument to analyse the surface. 5 SB 68
wipe /waɪp/ (v) clean by using a cloth 5 SB 68
racism /ˈreɪsɪzəm/ (n unc) the unfair treatment of people who Half a million people held a mass protest against racism last night. 5 SB 68
belong to a different race
examine /ɪgˈzæmɪn/ (v) consider sth very carefully These ideas will be examined in more detail in chapter ten. 5 SB 68
amateur /ˈæmətə(r)/ (n) person who is not trained or paid to do sth Lindy isn’t a professional actress, she’s just an amateur. 5 SB 68
fossil /ˈfɒsl/ (n) remains of an animal or plant which have The museum has a lot of fossils from the time of the dinosaurs. 5 SB 68
become hard and turned into rock
skull /skʌl/ (n) the bone structure that forms the head She fractured her skull. 5 SB 68
represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ (v) be, show The statistics represented the progress the company had made in a 5 SB 68
year.
link /lɪŋk/ (n) a connection Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders. 5 SB 68
ancestor /ˈænsestə(r)/ (n) person who lived before us either in our Our ancestors used to hunt animals for food. 5 SB 68
family or in the history of man
substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ (n) type of material, solid, liquid or gas The students were playing with a substance that left their fingers 5 SB 68
blue!
on duty /ˌɒn ˈdjuːti/ (phr) working at a particular time The doctor was on duty for forty-eight hours without a break. 5 WB 31
wear on /ˌweər ˈɒn/ (phr v) pass, esp. in a way that seems slow As the day wore on, Dave’s new shoes hurt more and more. 5 WB 31
thick and fast /ˌθɪk ən ˈfɑːst/ (phr) more and more often After the news programme, reports of sightings came thick and fast. 5 WB 31

21
hang up /ˌhæŋ ˈʌp/ (phr v) finish a phone call He wished me a happy birthday and then hung up! 5 WB 31
make out /ˌmeɪk ˈaʊt/ (phr v) manage to see sth I could just make out a dark shape in the fog. 5 WB 31
lose my temper /ˌluːz maɪ (phr) not manage to control my anger I lost my temper when they dropped the food all over the floor. 5 WB 33
ˈtempə(r)/
give (sb) a lift /ˌgɪv … ə ˈlɪft/ (phr) give sb a free ride in a car Can I give you a lift into town? 5 WB 33
cause a stir /ˌkɔːz ə ˈstɜː(r)/ (phr) make people react strongly The boss caused quite a stir with his announcement. 5 WB 34
point out /ˌpɔɪnt ˈaʊt/ (phr v) mention sth in order to make sb notice it ‘It's not very far,’ she pointed out. 5 WB 34
wash (sth) up /ˌwɒʃ … ˈʌp/ (phr v) (of water) carry sth onto the shore Rubbish washed up on the shore of the beach. 5 WB 35
lawnmower /ˈlɔːnməʊə(r)/ (n) a machine for cutting the grass in a He cut the grass with the lawnmower. 6 SB 70
garden
supporter /səˈpɔːtə(r)/ (n) a person who helps or encourages sb He’s a supporter of the government. 6 SB 70
strengthen /ˈstreŋθən/ (v) make stronger Drink a lot of milk and it will strengthen your teeth and bones. 6 SB 70
odyssey /ˈɒdəsi/ (n) very long journey full of different 6 SB 71
experiences
epic /ˈepɪk/ (adj) very great and impressive Hillary will always be remembered for his epic climb of Mount 6 SB 71
Everest in 1953.
disillusioned /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒnd/ (adj) disappointed because what you believed After working for the film company for a month Sarah became 6 SB 71
to be good now seems without value disillusioned.
(the) mainland /ˈmeɪnlænd/ (n) the main area of land of a country, not The Hebrides are to the west of the Scottish mainland. 6 SB 71
including any islands near to it
blister /ˈblɪstə(r)/ (n) painful place on the skin after rubbing Andy had terrible blisters on his feet after running the marathon. 6 SB 71
against sth like a shoe
swell /swel/ (v) get bigger Bacteria can cause gums to swell and bleed. 6 SB 71
articulated lorry /ɑːˌtɪkjəleɪtɪd (n) long vehicle with two or more sections You have to have a special licence to drive an articulated lorry. 6 SB 71
ˈlɒri/ that move separately so that it can go
round corners more easily
thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ (v) move very fast and with a loud deep noise Heavy trucks kept thundering past. 6 SB 71
also: when it thunders, there is a loud As a child, I used to get really scared when it thundered.
noise in the sky during a storm
the Outback /ði ˈaʊtbæk/ (n) the area of Australia that is a long way He was lost in the Outback for three days. 6 SB 71
from the coast and the towns, where few
people live
aching /ˈeɪkɪŋ/ (adj) hurting, pain that is not sharp but goes on I worked at the computer for too long and went to bed with an 6 SB 71
for a long time aching head.
constant /ˈkɒnstənt/ (adj) happening all the time or repeatedly Babies need constant attention. 6 SB 71
factor /ˈfæktə(r)/ (n) a particular level on a scale of The wind-chill factor will make it seem colder. 6 SB 71
measurement
contemplate /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/ (v) think about, consider When my dad was young he never contemplated going to college, but 6 SB 71
now he wishes he had.
wear /weə(r)/ (v) (of clothes, shoes, etc.) damage sth The carpets are starting to wear. 6 SB 71
because you have used it a lot
calf /kɑːf/ (n) back of the leg below the knee 6 SB 71
fearsome /ˈfɪəsəm/ (adj) frightening In the book the soldiers meet some fearsome animals in the forest. 6 SB 71
trail /treɪl/ (v) follow The police trailed the suspect for three days. 6 SB 71

22
smash a record /ˌsmæʃ ə (phr) beat the best ever result by a long way Phil smashed the school high jump record by several centimetres. 6 SB 71
ˈrekɔːd/
set a record /ˌset ə ˈrekɔːd/ (phr) establish the best result that has ever Katy set a record for eating the most biscuits in ten minutes! 6 SB 71
been recorded
bruise /bruːz/ (n) a dark mark that appears on the skin after After the fight, he was covered in bruises. 6 SB 71
sb has fallen, been hit, etc.
hip /hɪp/ (n) part of the side of the body between the 6 SB 71
top of the leg and the waist
in the short term /ˌɪn ðə ˈʃɔːt ˌ (phr) over a short period of time in the future It was the best decision in the short term. 6 SB 71
tɜːm/
skinny /ˈskɪni/ (adj) very thin He’s looking very skinny these days. I hope he's eating enough. 6 SB 71
warm down /ˌwɔːm ˈdaʊn/ (phr v) gradually bring your body to a rest after The team warmed down to avoid injury. 6 SB 71
strenuous exercise
for the time being /fə ðe ˌtaɪm (phr) at the moment, temporarily For the time being I’m working at the supermarket, but I hope to go 6 SB 71
ˈbiːɪŋ/ back to college later in the year.
in the long term /ˌɪn ðə ˈlɒŋ (phr) over a long period of time in the future We’re happy living here at the moment, but in the long term I think 6 SB 71
ˌtɜːm/ we’ll make a home in America.
on the cards /ˌɒn ðə ˈkɑːdz/ (idm) likely to happen It’s on the cards that the film will win at least three Oscars. 6 SB 71
check-in /ˈtʃek ˌɪn/ (n) place in an airport where you give in your Aim to arrive at check-in at least two hours before departure. 6 SB 72
cases and receive a pass to get on the
plane
departure lounge /dɪˈpɑːtʃə (n) place in an airport where you wait to get We had to wait in the departure lounge for two hours. 6 SB 72
ˌlaʊndʒ/ on the plane
overhead locker /ˈəʊvəhed (n) one of the small cupboards above the Put your bag in the overhead locker. 6 SB 72
ˌlɒkə(r)/ seats in a plane where passengers can
store things during a flight
sail /seɪl/ (n) a sheet of strong fabric which the wind As the boat moved down the river the wind began to fill the sails. 6 SB 72
blows against to make a boat travel
through the water
mast /mɑːst/ (n) tall pole on a boat where the sails are In the high winds, the small boat lost its mast and nearly sank. 6 SB 72
connected
flight attendant /ˈflaɪt ə (n) a person whose job is to serve and take The flight attendant brought me a glass of water. 6 SB 72
ˌtendənt/ care of passengers on an aircraft
propeller /prəˈpelə(r)/ (n) a device with two or more blades that The engine started the propeller. 6 SB 72
turns quickly to allow a boat or plane to
move through the water or air
barge /bɑːdʒ/ (n) boat that transports things along a river The barge travelled down the river. 6 SB 72
hovercraft /ˈhɒvəkrɑːft/ (n) boat that travels slightly above the water 6 SB 72
on a cushion of air
mount /maʊnt/ (v) get on a bicycle, horse, etc. in order to He mounted his horse and rode away. 6 SB 72
ride it
boarding pass /ˈbɔːdɪŋ ˌpɑːs/ (n) ticket you need when getting on a plane We collected our boarding pass and went to the gate. 6 SB 72
aisle /aɪl/ (n) a passage between rows of seats in a Would you like an aisle seat or a window seat? 6 SB 72
church, theatre, train, etc.
to cap it all /tu ˌkæp ɪt ˈɔːl/ (phr) the final and worst / best thing to happen We queued for hours to buy tickets for the concert and to cap it all 6 SB 72
it started to rain!

23
runway /ˈrʌnweɪ/ (n) strip of ground that planes use to take off The airport is so busy that they are going to build a new runway. 6 SB 72
and land at an airport
bump /bʌmp/ (n) the action or sound of sth hitting a hard He fell to the ground with a bump. 6 SB 72
surface
pull away /ˌpʊl əˈweɪ/ (phr v) (of a vehicle) start moving The car pulled away from the side of the road. 6 SB 72
steer /stɪə(r)/ (v) direct a car or boat When I was learning to drive, I had real trouble steering the car 6 SB 73
round corners!
direction /dəˈrekʃn/ (n) the general position a person or thing Tom went off in the direction of home. 6 SB 73
moves towards
grounded /ˈgraʊndɪd/ (adj) when a boat goes into shallow water and While we were fishing, the boat became grounded. 6 SB 73
can’t move because it has hit the bottom
alongside /əˈlɒŋsaɪd/ (adv) next to or at the side of sth else Our boat wouldn’t start, but Gary came alongside in his boat and 6 SB 73
helped us.
steady /ˈstedi/ (adj) not moving up and down I don’t get sick when the boat is steady, but if the sea is rough I get 6 SB 73
very ill!
aboard /əˈbɔːd/ (adv) on or onto a ship, plane, bus or train He was already aboard the plane. 6 SB 73
scheduled /ˈʃedjuːld/ (adj) arranged to happen at a particular time Are you travelling on a scheduled flight? 6 SB 73
no doubt /ˌnəʊ ˈdaʊt/ (idm) certainly true There is no doubt that we did the right thing. 6 SB 73
impact (on) /ˈɪmpækt/ (n) the powerful effect that sth has on sb / Her speech made an impact on everyone. 6 SB 73
sth
minimize /ˈmɪnɪmaɪz/ (v) reduce to the lowest possible level You can minimize the risk of catching a cold by eating lots of fruit. 6 SB 73
altogether /ˌɔːltəˈgeðə(r)/ (adv) completely I don't altogether agree with you. 6 SB 73
measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ (n) an official action that is done in order to The government is introducing tougher measures to combat crime. 6 SB 73
achieve a particular aim
transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ (n unc) a system for carrying people or goods Road transport needs to be improved. 6 SB 73
from one place to another using vehicles,
roads, etc.
endangered species /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd (n) a particular group of animals or plants, There are hundreds of endangered species in the world. 6 SB 73
ˌspiːʃiːz/ etc. that may soon no longer exist
flat tyre /ˌflæt ˈtaɪə(r)/ (n) when the air has gone out of the rubber 6 SB 74
ring in a car or bicycle wheel
run out (of) /ˌrʌn ˈaʊt/ (phr v) use up or finish a supply of sth We’ve run out of milk. Can you get some from the shops? 6 SB 74
indecisive /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/ (adj) unable to make decisions Some blame indecisive leadership for the government’s problems. 6 SB 74
boredom /ˈbɔːdəm/ (n unc) the state of feeling bored TV helps to relieve the boredom of the long winter evenings. 6 SB 74
impatiently /ɪmˈpeɪʃntli/ (adv) in a way that shows you are annoyed or We sat waiting impatiently for the movie to start. 6 SB 74
irritated because you have to wait for a
long time
on second thoughts /ˌɒn ˈsekənd (idm) used to say that you have changed your On second thoughts, I’ll have chips, not rice. 6 SB 74
θɔːts/ opinion
(why) on earth /ɒn ˈɜːθ/ (idm) used to emphasize the question you are Why on earthdid you say that to her? 6 SB 74
asking when you are surprised or angry or
cannot think of an obvious answer
excursion /ɪkˈskɜːʃn/ (n) organized trip or short break While Jan and I were on holiday in Egypt we went on an excursion to 6 SB 75
the desert.
feel sick /ˌfiːl ˈsɪk/ (phr) feel that you want to vomit I felt sick after the bus journey. 6 SB 75

24
in favour of /ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv/ (phr) if you are in favour of sth, you support I’m in favour of a ban on smoking. 6 SB 75
and agree with it
go for (sth) /ˈgəʊ fɔː(r)/ (phr v) choose sth 6 SB 75
tomb /tuːm/ (n) a large grave, esp. one built of stone It’s a tomb of the pharaohs. 6 SB 75
above or below the ground
pharaoh /ˈfeərəʊ/ (n) a ruler of ancient Egypt The pharaohs were buried in pyramids. 6 SB 75
as opposed to /əz əˈpəʊʒd tə/ (idm) used to make a contrast between two Forty people attended, as opposed to sixty the previous year. 6 SB 75
things
seeing that /ˈsiːɪŋ ðət/ (idm) because of the fact that Seeing that he's been off sick all week, he's unlikely to come. 6 SB 76
provided /prəˈvaɪdɪd/ (conj) if We'll buy everything you produce, provided the price is right. 6 SB 76
lean /liːn/ (v) bend or move from an upright position I leaned back in my chair. 6 SB 76
pay in full /ˌpeɪ ɪn ˈfʊl/ (phr) pay the complete amount I don’t owe any money. I paid in full when I made the booking. 6 SB 77
come up to scratch /ˌkʌm ʌp tə (idm) be good enough He was fired because his work didn’t come up to scratch. 6 SB 77
ˈsktætʃ /
as far as (sth) goes /əz ˈfɑːr əz ... (idm) used to give facts or an opinion about a She's doing fine as far as French goes – it's her German I'm worried 6 SB 77
ˈgəʊz/ particular aspect of something about.
when it comes to /ˌwen ɪt ˈkʌmz tə (idm) when you’re thinking about or considering I like singing, but when it comes to going on stage I get very 6 SB 77
/ frightened.
it goes to show that /ˌɪt ˈgəʊz tə ˌʃəʊ (idm) it proves that, from this you can see that My aunt, who is eighty-five, has just had her first book published. It 6 SB 77
ðət/ goes to show that you’re never too old to start a new career!
come to mind /ˌkʌm tə ˈmaɪnd/ (idm) suddenly remember or think of sth What comes to mind when you think of Germany? 6 SB 77
furnish /ˈfɜːnɪʃ/ (v) put furniture in a house, room, etc. The room was furnished with antiques. 6 SB 77
cell /sel/ (n) room where prisoners are kept in a prison The prisoner was locked in his cell for fifteen hours every day. 6 SB 77
heartbroken /ˈhaːtbrəʊkən/ (adj) very, very upset I was heartbroken when our old cat finally died. 6 SB 77
look forward to (sth) /ˌlʊk ˈfɔːwəd tə/ (phr v) be thinking with pleasure about sth that is I’m looking forward to the weekend. 6 SB 77
going to happen
global /ˈgləʊbl/ (adj) covering or affecting the whole world The organization wants a global ban. 6 SB 78
broaden /ˈbrɔːdn/ (v) increase your experience, knowledge, etc. Few would disagree that travel broadens the mind. 6 SB 78
poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ (n unc) the state of being poor Many elderly people live in poverty. 6 SB 78
income /ˈɪnkʌm/ (n) the money that a person earns from work He has a good job and is on a high income. 6 SB 78
coastline /ˈkəʊstlaɪn/ (n) the land along a coast They need to protect the coastline better. 6 SB 78
outweigh /ˌaʊtˈweɪ/ (v) be greater or more important than sth The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. 6 SB 78
first and foremost /ˌfɜːst ən (idm) more than anything else He does a little teaching, but first and foremost he's a writer. 6 SB 79
ˈfɔːməʊst/
acknowledge /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ (v) accept that sth is true Are you prepared to acknowledge your responsibility? 6 SB 79
store /stɔː(r)/ (v) put sth somewhere and keep it there to You can store coffee beans in the freezer to keep them fresh. 6 SB 79
use later
ignore /ɪgˈnɔː(r)/ (v) pay no attention to sth I made a suggestion, but they chose to ignore it. 6 SB 79
minister /ˈmɪnɪstə(r)/ (n) a senior member of the government who She was made the minister for education. 6 SB 79
is in charge of a government department
nocturnal /nɒkˈtɜːnl/ (adj) active at night, not during the day The owl is a nocturnal bird. You’ll rarely see one during the day. 6 SB 79

25
growl /graʊl/ (n) a deep angry sound His voice was like a loud growl. 6 SB 79
cub /kʌb/ (n) a young leopard, lion, bear, etc. We saw a lioness guarding her cubs. 6 SB 79
miss out (on sth) /ˌmɪs ˈaʊt/ (phr v) fail to benefit from sth useful or I missed out on a lot of fun by not going to university. 6 WB 37
enjoyable by not taking part in it
high and low /ˌhaɪ ən ˈləʊ/ (idm) everywhere I searched high and low for my keys. 6 WB 39
keep an eye on /ˌkiːp ən ˈaɪ ɒn/ (idm) take care of sb / sth and make sure that Can you keep an eye on the children for me? 6 WB 39
they are not harmed
(be) in the way /ˌɪn ðə ˈweɪ/ (phr) stop sb from doing sth Your bike is in the way. Can you move it? 6 WB 40
can’t help it /ˌkɑːnt ˈhelp ɪt/ (phr) it is impossible to prevent or avoid sth I can’t help it. I like chocolate too much! 6 WB 40
a leaner lifestyle /ə ˈliːnə (phr) a healthier, more natural and active way Many Mediterranean countries have a leaner lifestyle. 6 WB 40
ˌlaɪfstaɪl/ of living
at the flick of a switch /ˌət ðə ˌflɪk əv ə (phr) simply by using a single switch You have access to hundreds of channels at the flick of a switch. 6 WB 43
ˈswɪtʃ/
micro-blogging /ˈmaɪkrəʊ (n unc) a form of blogging that lets users publish Micro-blogging on celebrities is quite common nowadays. 7 SB 81
ˌblɒgɪŋ/ short text updates
have (sth) at (your) /ˌhæv … ət ... (idm) be able to find sth easily and use it I made sure I had all the facts at my fingertips before attending the 7 SB 82
fingertips ˈfɪŋgətɪps/ quickly meeting.
potential /pəˈtenʃl/ (adj) possible in the future I’m meeting a potential client this afternoon. 7 SB 82
distress signal /dɪˈstres ˌsɪgnəl/ (n) a message asking for help The boat sent a distress signal to the coastguard. 7 SB 82
transmit /trænsˈmɪt/ (v) send an electronic signal The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty 7 SB 82
countries.
torch /tɔːtʃ/ (n) a small electric lamp that uses batteries Shine the torch on the lock while I try to get the key in. 7 SB 82
and that you can hold in your hand
effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ (adj) having a good result TV adverts are very effective because so many people see them. 7 SB 82
stand out /ˌstænd ˈaʊt/ (phr v) be easily seen I wear this jacket to stand out in the dark. 7 SB 82
flash /flæʃ/ (n) quick bright light I saw a flash of light between the trees. 7 SB 83
surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ (n) the outside or top layer of sth We'll need a flat surface to play the game on. 7 SB 83
cockpit /ˈkɒkpɪt/ (n) an enclosed area in a plane where the The pilot let the children look in the cockpit. 7 SB 83
pilot sits
rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/ (adv) quickly Crime figures are rising rapidly. 7 SB 83
gunfire /ˈgʌnfaɪə(r)/ (n) sound of guns firing We heard gunfire in the bank and hid behind the car. 7 SB 83
long range /ˈlɒŋ reɪndʒ/ (adj) travelling a long distance Many countries have long-range missiles for protection 7 SB 83
life-raft /ˈlaɪf rɑːft/ (n) small boat carried for use in emergencies The passengers escaped in the life-raft. 7 SB 83
convey / kənˈveɪ/ (v) pass information from one person to Please convey my apologies to your mother. 7 SB 83
another
arc /ɑːk/ (n) a curved shape The beach swept around in an arc. 7 SB 83
rock /rɒk/ (v) move gently backwards and forwards or The boat rocked from side to side in the waves. 7 SB 83
from side to side
hay fever /ˈheɪ ˌfiːvə(r)/ (n unc) illness that affects the nose, eyes and I always get hay fever in August. My eyes go red and I sneeze all the 7 SB 84
throat caused by certain plants and time.
flowers

26
nationwide /ˌneɪʃnˈwaɪd/ (adj) happening all over the country There has been a nationwide search for the men who robbed the 7 SB 84
bank.
crackdown /ˈkrækdaʊn/ (n unc) severe action taken to stop a crime or There’s been a crackdown on lateness at our college this term. If 7 SB 84
rule breaking we’re late we have to have a very good reason.
spokesperson /ˈspəʊkspɜːsn/ (n) a person who speaks on behalf of a group He’s the spokesperson for the charity. 7 SB 84
or an organization
network /ˈnetwɜːk/ (n) system of roads, lines, tubes, etc. that The computers all use the same network so they can communicate. 7 SB 84
are all connected
handset /ˈhændset/ (n) mobile phone The company provided all its employees with the latest handsets. 7 SB 84
(in) police custody /pəˌliːs ˈkʌstədi/ (n unc) the state of being held in a police station He’s been in police custody for ten hours now. 7 SB 85
convict /kənˈvɪkt/ (v) find guilty The police weren't able to convict the criminal. 7 SB 85
fine /faɪn/ (v) make sb pay money as a punishment He didn’t go to prison. He was fined instead. 7 SB 85
terrorist /ˈterərɪst/ (n) a person who takes part in the use of The terrorists are threatening to blow up the plane. 7 SB 85
violent action in order to achieve political
aims
postmark /ˈpəʊstmɑːk/ (n) mark on an envelope that shows when and 7 SB 85
where it was posted.
collide (with) /kəˈlaɪd/ (v) accidentally hit Tina collided with the teacher as they were leaving the classroom. 7 SB 85
fine /faɪn/ (adj) of high quality She's a fine actor and an even finer dancer. 7 SB 85
ransom /ˈrænsəm/ (n) money demanded by sb to set free a The police advised the businessman’s family not to pay the ransom. 7 SB 85
person who is being held illegally
mishear /ˌmɪsˈhɪə(r)/ (v) fail to hear correctly what sb says You may have misheard her – I'm sure she didn't mean that. 7 SB 86
come up /ˌkʌm ˈʌp/ (phr v) happen I'm afraid something urgent has come up. 7 SB 86
turn out /ˌtɜːn ˈaʊt/ (phr v) prove to be It turned out that she was a friend of my sister. 7 SB 86
turn up /ˌtɜːn ˈʌp/ (phr v) arrive We arranged to meet at 7.30, but she never turned up. 7 SB 86
a bite to eat /ə ˈbaɪt tə ˌiːt/ (phr) small meal Why don’t we go for a bite to eat after the cinema? 7 SB 86
in full swing /ɪn ˌfʊl ˈswɪŋ/ (idm) having reached a very lively level By the time I got there the party was in full swing. 7 SB 86
swear /sweə(r)/ (v) be very sure I swear I left my bag in the car. Someone must have taken it. 7 SB 86
get at /ˌget ˈæt/ (phr v) criticize He's always getting at me. 7 SB 88
get in /ˌget ˈɪn/ (phr v) arrive The train got in late. 7 SB 88
get on /ˌget ˈɒn/ (phr v) grow old My father is getting on a bit now. 7 SB 88
get out of /ˌget ˈaʊt əv/ (phr v) avoid We promised we'd go – we can't get out of it now. 7 SB 88
get through /ɡet θruː/ (phr v) use up a large amount of sth We got through a fortune while we were in New York! 7 SB 88
get up to /ɡet ˈʌp tə/ (phr v) reach a particular point We got up to page 172 last lesson. 7 SB 88
dreadful /ˈdredfl/ (adj) very bad or unpleasant What a dreadful thing to say! 7 SB 88
give me a break /ˌgɪv mi ə ˈbreɪk/ (idm) stop doing or saying sth that is annoying Give me a break. I can’t listen to any more of this nonsense. 7 SB 88
depress /dɪˈpres/ (v) make sb sad and without enthusiasm or Wet weather always depresses me. 7 SB 88
hope
spell /spel/ (v) mean; have as a result This defeat spelt the end of his hopes of winning the title again. 7 SB 88
forward /ˈfɔːwəd/ (v) send on goods or information to sb else I forwarded Helen’s reply to everyone in the office. 7 SB 88
on purpose /ˌɒn ˈpɜːpəs/ (idm) not by accident He did it on purpose, knowing it would annoy her. 7 SB 88

27
stinging /ˈstɪŋɪŋ/ (adj) severe and strongly expressed The journalist got a stinging response to his question about the 7 SB 88
politician’s private life.
circulate /ˈsɜːkjəleɪt/ (v) pass from one person to another Rumours began to circulate about his financial problems. 7 SB 89
omit /əˈmɪt/ (v) not include sth / sb If you are a student, you can omit questions 16–18. 7 SB 89
imprison /ɪmˈprɪzn/ (v) put sb in a prison or another place from They were imprisoned for possession of drugs. 7 SB 89
which they cannot escape
accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ (v) happen or to make sth happen faster Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process. 7 SB 89
faulty /ˈfɔːlti/ (adj) not working correctly Ask for a refund if the goods are faulty. 7 SB 89
vacate /vəˈkeɪt/ (v) leave a building, seat, etc., esp. so that Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon on the day of 7 SB 89
sb else can use it departure.
bring up /ˌbrɪŋ ˈʌp/ (phr v) mention a subject or start to talk about it Bring it up at the meeting. 7 SB 89
turn down /ˌtɜːn ˈdaʊn/ (phr v) reject or refuse to consider an offer, a He turned down the job offer. 7 SB 89
proposal, etc.
hold up /ˌhəʊld ˈʌp/ (phr v) delay They were held up by the accident. 7 SB 89
run into /ˌrʌn ˈɪntu/ (phr v) experience difficulties, etc. Be careful not to run into debt. 7 SB 89
submit /sʌbˈmɪt/ (v) give a document, proposal, etc. to sb in Completed projects must be submitted. 7 SB 89
authority
make off /ˌmeɪk ˈɒf/ (phr v) hurry away; escape They made off with the money as fast as they could. 7 SB 89
make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ (phr v) invent a story, etc. He made up some excuse about his daughter being sick. 7 SB 89
purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/ (n) the act of buying sth The company has just announced its purchase of Park Hotel. 7 SB 89
launch /lɔːntʃ/ (v) make a product available to the public for They launched the drink in 2005. 7 SB 89
the first time
in excess of /ˌɪn ɪkˈses əv/ (phr) more than The increase will not be in excess of 2%. 7 SB 89
at the expense of /ˌæt ði ɪkˈspens (phr) with loss or damage to sb / sth He built up the business at the expense of his health. 7 SB 89
əv/
clarity /ˈklærəti/ (n unc) if a picture, substance or sound has The clarity of the images on TV is much better nowadays. 7 SB 89
clarity, you can see or hear it very clearly The brilliant clarity of his argument could not be faulted.
also: the quality of being expressed
clearly
illegible /ɪˈledʒəbl/ (adj) difficult or impossible to read Your writing is illegible! 7 SB 89
straightforward /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːwəd/ (adj) not complicated The problem is fairly straightforward. 7 SB 89
like-minded /ˌlaɪk ˈmaɪndɪd/ (adj) having similar ideas and interests I joined the club to meet like-minded people. 7 SB 89
all in all /ˈɔːl ɪn ˌɔːl/ (idm) when everything is considered All in all, we had a great holiday. 7 SB 89
leave a lot to be desired /ˌliːv æ ˈlɒt tu bi (idm) be bad or unacceptable The quality of the food left a lot to be desired. 7 SB 89
dɪˈzaɪəd/
dedicated /ˈdedɪkeɪtɪd/ (adj) working hard at sth because it is very She is dedicated to her job. 7 SB 89
important to you
glance /glæns/ (n) a quick look She had a glance at the newspaper headlines. 7 SB 89
short cut /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/ (n) a way of doing sth that is quicker than the There are no short cuts to economic recovery. 7 SB 89
usual way
weak spot /ˈwiːk ˌspɒt/ (n) weakness He knew she had a weak spot for him. 7 SB 89
room (for) /ruːm/ (n unc) possibility of sth existing or happening There's some room for improvement in your work. 7 SB 89

28
connection /kəˈnekʃn/ (n) a train, bus or plane that a passenger can We arrived in good time for the connection to Paris. 7 SB 92
take soon after getting off another in
order to continue their journey
gravity /ˈɡrævəti/ (n unc) the force that attracts objects towards Today we're learning about Newton's law of gravity. 7 SB 92
the centre of the Earth
rocket /ˈrɒkɪt/ (n) a spacecraft in the shape of a tube used The rocket was launched in 2007. 7 SB 92
to take astronauts into space
rush hour /ˈrʌʃ ˌaʊə(r)/ (n) the time when the roads are full of traffic The journey can take twice as long in the rush hour. 7 SB 92
house-warming (party) /ˈhaʊs ˌwɔːmɪŋ/ (n) a party given by sb who has just moved Our new neighbours are having a house-warming party. 7 SB 92
into a new house
put off (sb) /ˌpʊt ˈɒf/ (phr v) make sb lose interest in He was put off science by bad teaching. 7 SB 92
set up /ˌset ˈʌp/ (phr v) create sth or start it They set up a new restaurant in town. 7 WB 45
let down /ˌlet ˈdaʊn/ (phr v) disappoint I feel let down by my boyfriend. 7 WB 46
sum up /ˌsʌm ˈʌp/ (phr v) state the main points Can I just sum up what we've agreed so far? 7 WB 46
run after /ˌrʌn ˈɑːftə(r)/ (phr v) run to try to catch sb The police ran after the criminal. 7 WB 46
come across /ˌkʌm əˈkrɒs/ (phr v) find or meet by chance She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 7 WB 46
call off /ˌkɔːl ˈɒf/ (phr v) decide that sth will not happen They called off the game because of the weather. 7 WB 46
stand by /ˌstænd ˈbaɪ/ (phr v) support They stood by the manager even when they were losing. 7 WB 46
cut off /ˌkʌt ˈɒf/ (phr v) disconnect He cut off their phone call on purpose. 7 WB 46
turn on /ˌtɜːn ˈɒn/ (phr v) attack They turned on the manager in the meeting. 7 WB 46
click my fingers / ˌklɪk maɪ (phr) rub a finger and thumb together hard to It’s very rude to click your fingers when you want to attract the 7 WB 46
ˈfɪŋgəz/ make a short sharp sound attention of a waiter.
wipe out /ˌwaɪp ˈaʊt/ (phr v) destroy sb / sth completely Whole villages were wiped out by the earthquake. 7 WB 47
at ease /ət ˈiːz/ (idm) relaxed and confident She’s great at putting people at ease in stressful situations. 7 WB 48
mind you /maɪnd ˈju:/ (idm) used to add a comment I've heard they're getting divorced. Mind you, I'm not surprised – they 7 WB 48
were always arguing.
keep in touch /ˌkiːp ɪn ˈtʌtʃ/ (idm) continue to communicate with sb Let’s keep in touch after the holiday. 7 WB 48
add up /ˌæd ˈʌp/ (phr v) increase gradually until there is a large When you're feeding a family of six, the bills soon add up. 7 WB 48
total
keep track (of) /ˌkiːp træk/ (idm) have information about sth It’s difficult to keep track of everything. 7 WB 49
savoury /ˈseɪvəri/ (adj) salty, not sweet I much prefer savoury dishes. I don’t like sweet things very much. 8 SB 93
texture /ˈtekstʃə(r)/ (n) how sth feels when you touch it The texture of the soup was really smooth. 8 SB 93
set about /set əˈbaʊt/ (phr v) start doing sth We need to set about finding a solution. 8 SB 95
snail /sneɪl/ (n) small soft creature with a hard, round Snails ate lots of the small plants in our garden. 8 SB 94
shell on its back, that moves very slowly
porridge /ˈpɒrɪdʒ/ (n) hot breakfast cereal made with oats and Porridge is a great breakfast in winter. 8 SB 94
milk or water
solely /ˈsəʊlli/ (adv) only He became solely responsible for the firm. 8 SB 94
exclude /ɪkˈskluːd/ (v) keep sth out The competition excludes people over eighteen so my sister, who is 8 SB 94
twenty-two, can’t take part.
input /ˈɪnpʊt/ (n) the information that sb / sth receives His input at the meeting was really useful and encouraged a lot of 8 SB 94
discussion.

29
pitch-black /ˌpɪtʃ ˈblæk/ (adj) completely black or dark It was a pitch-black night. 8 SB 94
lose out (on) /luːz ˈaʊt/ (phr v) not get sth you wanted or thought you We’ve lost out on the chance of winning the league this year after 8 SB 94
should have yesterday’s defeat.
intensify /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ (v) increase; heighten Violence intensified during the night. 8 SB 95
intimacy /ˈɪntɪməsi/ (n unc) state of having a close personal I liked the intimacy of the restaurant. It was small and everyone sat 8 SB 95
relationship with sb, feeling of closeness near each other.
sensory /ˈsensəri/ (adj) connected with the senses We rely on our sensory organs to experience much of life. 8 SB 95
preconception /ˌpriːkənˈsepʃn/ (n) opinion formed before you experience sth People had a lot of preconceptions about the new head teacher, but 8 SB 95
he’s shown himself to be excellent.
abruptly /əˈbrʌptli/ (adv) sharp, quickly without preparation The bus stopped abruptly when the dog ran across the road. 8 SB 95
feel (for) /fiːl/ (v) search for sth with your hands He felt in his pockets for some money. 8 SB 95
cutlery /ˈkʌtləri/ (n unc) things we use to eat and serve food with: The cutlery wasn’t very clean so my mum complained. 8 SB 95
knives, forks and spoons
dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ (adj) stronger or more important than other The firm has achieved a dominant position in the world market. 8 SB 95
things
worthwhile /ˌwɜːθˈwaɪl/ (adj) valuable, worth spending time on Helen helps out at a children’s home. I think it’s a really worthwhile 8 SB 95
thing to do.
venture /ˈventʃə(r)/ (n) project Mr Parks wants people to invest in a business venture, but I don’t 8 SB 95
think it will be very successful.
diner /ˈdaɪnə(r)/ (n) person eating at a restaurant or café The restaurant is capable of seating 100 diners. 8 SB 95
crash /kræʃ/ (v) hit sth hard while moving, causing noise A brick crashed through the window. 8 SB 95
entitle /ɪnˈtaɪtl/ (v) give a name to sth He read a poem entitled ‘The Sea’. 8 SB 95
seashell /ˈsiːʃel/ (n) the shell of a small creature that lives in Children were collecting seashells on the beach. 8 SB 95
the sea
breadcrumbs /ˈbredkrʌmz/ (n pl) very small pieces of bread that can be The fish was covered in breadcrumbs. 8 SB 95
used in cooking
eel /iːl/ (n) long, thin, snake-like animal that lives in 8 SB 95
the sea
edible /ˈedəbl/ (adj) fit or suitable to eat This meal is barely edible! It’s not properly cooked and it tastes 8 SB 95
horrible.
seaweed /ˈsiːwiːd/ (n) plant that grows in or near the sea 8 SB 95
final touch /ˈfaɪnl ˌtʌtʃ/ (n) last detail He put the final touches to the painting before showing it to his 8 SB 95
teacher.
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ (v) make better The music and candlelight enhanced the atmosphere of the room. 8 SB 95
oyster /ˈɔɪstə(r)/ (n) shellfish found in a rough shell, sometimes 8 SB 95
eaten alive
chewy /ˈtʃuːi/ (adj) needing to be chewed a lot before it can The meat wasn’t very good quality and it was very chewy. 8 SB 96
be swallowed
crunchy /ˈkrʌntʃi/ (adj) firm and crisp and making a sharp sound I think there was some sand in the seafood – it was very crunchy! 8 SB 96
when you bite it
mild /maɪld/ (adj) not strong, spicy or bitter (of a flavour) My dad doesn’t like mild curries. He much prefers really hot ones. 8 SB 96
rich /rɪtʃ/ (adj) food that is heavy and that you can only My mum always cooks a really rich fruit cake for our birthdays. 8 SB 96
eat a little of Nobody gets rich from writing nowadays.
also: having a lot of money

30
stodgy /ˈstɒdʒi/ (adj) heavy and filling food that is not pleasant At school we used to have very stodgy puddings that tasted horrible. 8 SB 96
tasteless /ˈteɪstləs/ (adj) having no flavour The rice was tasteless because I forgot to add any salt! 8 SB 96
tender /ˈtendə(r)/ (adj) easy to bite through and cut The steak was so tender you hardly needed a knife to cut it. 8 SB 96
also: gentle and kind What he needs now is a lot of tender loving care.
stew /stjuː/ (v) cook sth slowly in liquid in a closed dish The meat needs to stew for two hours. 8 SB 96
disagree with /ˌdɪsəˈɡriː wɪð/ (phr v) cause an upset stomach I ate something yesterday that disagreed with me. 8 SB 96
also: have a different opinion from He disagreed with his parents on most things.
you must be joking /ju ˌməst bi (idm) used to show that you are very surprised How much?! You must be joking. 8 SB 97
ˈdʒəʊkɪŋ/ at what sb has just said
give (sb) the sack /ɡɪv … ðə ˈsæk/ (idm) tell sb you don’t want them to work for The new boss gave his secretary the sack after two days because he 8 SB 97
you any more said she was inefficient.
spread /spred/ (n) table full of food; large meal prepared for There was a wonderful spread at my sister’s wedding. 8 SB 97
a special occasion
stain /steɪn/ (n) a dirty mark on sth How can I get this stain out? 8 SB 97
on the spur of the /ɒn ðə ˌspɜː(r) (idm) without planning We decided to go to the cinema on the spur of the moment. 8 SB 97
moment ɒv ðə
ˈməʊmənt/
cramped /kræmpt/ (adj) not having much space I’d like a bigger bedroom. Mine is very cramped, particularly with all 8 SB 99
my furniture and shelves.
trendy /ˈtrendi/ (adj) fashionable The new bar is a very trendy place to go. 8 SB 99
fish and chips /ˌfɪʃ ən ˈtʃɪps/ (n) popular takeaway in Britain, which Fish and chips are best eaten near the coast. 8 SB 99
consists of fried fish and potato chips
distant /ˈdɪstənt/ (adj) not friendly Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 8 SB 100
shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ (n) a building that provides a place to stay for There’s a night shelter for the homeless. 8 SB 100
people without a home
merry /ˈmeri/ (adj) happy and cheerful They had a merry time. 8 SB 101
saying /ˈseɪɪŋ/ (n) a well-known phrase ‘Accidents will happen’, as the saying goes. 8 SB 101
wellbeing /ˈwelbiːɪŋ/ (n unc) health and happiness The government’s responsibility is to look after the wellbeing of its 8 SB 101
people.
guilt /ɡɪlt/ (n unc) feeling or knowing that you have done sth The murderer admitted his guilt to the police and he was sent to 8 SB 101
wrong prison.
there’s no point (in) /ˌðeəz ˌnəʊ (phr) it makes no sense There’s no point in spending too much time on it. 8 SB 101
ˈpɔɪnt/
law and order /ˌlɔː ən ˈɔːdə(r)/ (idm) a situation in which people obey the law The government struggled to maintain law and order. 8 SB 101
and behave in a peaceful way
(be) sick and tired /ˌsɪk ən ˈtaɪəd/ (phr) (be) really bored I'm sick and tired of your moaning. 8 SB 101
pick and choose /ˌpɪk ən ˈtʃuːz/ (idm) choose only those things that you like You have to take any job you can get – you can't pick and choose. 8 SB 101
safe and sound /ˌseɪf ən ˈsaʊnd/ (phr) unharmed They turned up safe and sound. 8 SB 101
peace and quiet /ˌpiːs ən (phr) the state of being calm I would work better if I had some peace and quiet. 8 SB 101
ˈkwaɪət/
bits and pieces /ˌbɪts ən ˈpiːsɪz/ (idm) small objects of various kinds She stuffed all her bits and pieces into a bag and left. 8 SB 101
spare room /speə(r) ˈrʊm/ (n) a room that is not being used We have a spare room you can stay in. 8 SB 101
put forward /pʊt ˈfɔːwəd/ (phr v) suggest sth for discussion He put forward a number of options. 8 SB 102

31
fellow student /ˌfeləʊ ˈstjuːdnt/ (n) another student in my class or school How do you get on with your fellow students? 8 SB 102
pros and cons /ˌprəʊz ən (idm) the advantages and disadvantages of sth We weighed up the pros and cons. 8 SB 102
ˈkɒns/
common room /ˈkɒmən ruːm/ (n) a room used by the teachers or students The students relaxed in the common room at lunch. 8 SB 102
when they are not teaching or studying
take up /ˈteɪk ʌp/ (phr v) fill or use an amount of space The table takes up too much room. 8 SB 102
fizzy drink /ˈfɪzi drɪŋk/ (n) a soft drink that has gas in it Fizzy drinks contain a lot of sugar. 8 SB 102
recreation /ˌrekriˈeɪʃn/ (n unc) play, not work The children’s recreation time is 11.00 to 11.30. Then lessons begin 8 SB 103
again.
finance /ˈfaɪnæns/ (n) the activity of managing money He has a diploma in finance. 8 SB 104
pudding /ˈpʊdɪŋ/ (n) sweet dish eaten at the end of a meal When I was younger if I didn’t eat my dinner my mum wouldn’t let me 8 SB 104
have pudding.
summon the nerve /ˌsʌmən ðə (phr) make an effort to be brave I summoned the nerve to ask Jane out last weekend, but she 8 WB 50
ˈnɜːv/ refused!
phase out /feɪz ˈaʊt/ (phr v) stop slowly, in stages They’re going to phase out unhealthy school meals this year. 8 WB 50
when it comes down to /ˌwen ɪt kʌmz (phr) when the time comes to do sth When it comes down to it I’m sure you’ll know what to do. 8 WB 51
it ˈdaʊn tə ɪt/
eat your fill /ˌiːt jɔː(r) ˈfɪl/ (phr) eat as much as you can There are all sorts of delicacies on the table; eat your fill! 8 WB 51
bit by bit /ˌbɪt baɪ ˈbɪt/ (idm) gradually The memories are coming back to me bit by bit. 8 WB 52
a heart to heart /ə ˌhɑːt tə ˈhɑːt/ (idm) a conversation between two people who I often have a heart to heart with my best friend when I am feeling 8 WB 52
talk honestly about their feelings and down.
personal problems
pay off /peɪ ˈɒf/ (phr v) finish paying money owed for sth We paid off our mortgage after fifteen years. 8 WB 52
stick by /stɪk ˈbaɪ/ (phr v) be loyal, support sb, esp. in a difficult Adrian will always stick by you. 8 WB 54
situation
live off /ˈlɪv ɒf/ (phr v) have one particular type of food as the He seems to live off junk food. 8 WB 54
main thing you eat
time-keeper /ˈtaɪmkiːpə(r)/ (n) person able to do things at the right time Oliver is a terrible time-keeper. He’s always late for everything. 9 SB 105
shopaholic /ˌʃɒpəˈhɒlɪk/ (n) person who is addicted to shopping Tim spends so much time at the shopping centre. I think he's a bit of 9 SB 105
a shopaholic.
obsessively /əbˈsesɪvli/ (adv) in a way that reveals sb is thinking too He worries obsessively about his appearance. 9 SB 105
much about one particular person or thing
mess (sth) up /ˌmes … ˈʌp/ (phr v) make sth dirty or untidy I don't want you messing up my nice clean kitchen. 9 SB 105
countless /ˈkaʊntləs/ (adj) very large number Brenda has countless pairs of shoes! 9 SB 106
even /ˈiːvn/ (adj) smooth, all the same level This floor isn’t very even – some parts are higher than others. 9 SB 106
major /ˈmeɪdʒə(r)/ (adj) very large or important One of Greta’s major achievements was to win the student of the 9 SB 106
year award.
single-minded /ˌsɪŋɡl (adj) focusing with determination on one Jason is very single-minded and always does what he sets out to do. 9 SB 106
ˈmaɪndɪd/ particular aim or goal
addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/ (adj) making you want more and more Some people find coffee or chocolate addictive. 9 SB 106
compel /kəmˈpel/ (v) force I was compelled to go out and buy sweets! 9 SB 106
exploit /ˈeksplɔɪt/ (n) unusual and interesting activity He often tells us stories about his exploits when he lived in America. 9 SB 106

32
ponder /ˈpɒndə(r)/ (v) think deeply about sth Scientists today are pondering the question of whether there is life 9 SB 106
on other planets.
scorpion /ˈskɔːpiən/ (n) small animal, living in hot countries, with 9 SB 106
a hard body and a tail that can deliver a
poisonous sting
feat /fiːt/ (n) action that needs skill, strength or Getting Alex to come to the school play was quite a feat! 9 SB 106
courage
sting /stɪŋ/ (v) put a small amount of poison into you, Some bees die after they sting people. 9 SB 106
often from an insect like a bee
sub-zero /ˌsʌb ˈzɪərəʊ/ (adj) (of temperatures) below zero In winter it often reaches sub-zero temperatures. 9 SB 106
layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ (n) quantity of sth that lies over a surface For this dessert you need a layer of fruit followed by a layer of 9 SB 106
pastry.
seal /siːl/ (n) sea animal with smooth, black body that Baby seals used to be hunted for their white fur, but today it’s 9 SB 106
lives around the coast forbidden.
live up to (sth) /ˌlɪv ˈʌp tu/ (phr v) do as well as other people expect you to He did quite well, but he didn’t live up to people’s expectations. 9 SB 106
commander /kəˈmɑːndə(r)/ (n) an officer in charge of a particular group The commander led the soldiers through the jungle. 9 SB 106
of soldiers
regiment /ˈredʒɪmənt/ (n) large group of soldiers My uncle was in charge of a regiment in the army but now he’s 9 SB 106
retired.
squash /skwɒʃ/ (v) stop sth His hopes of becoming a teacher were squashed when he failed the 9 SB 106
also: press sth so that it becomes soft or university exams.
flat Squash your cans flat before recycling.
stability /stəˈbɪləti/ (n unc) the state of being steady and not changing Being back with their family should provide emotional stability for 9 SB 106
the children.
evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ (v) develop gradually and change Animals have evolved over millions of years and are still evolving. 9 SB 106
bald-headed /ˌbɔːld ˈhedɪd/ (adj) having little or no hair on the head He’s a bald-headed man in his late eighties. 9 SB 108
rosy-cheeked /ˌrəʊzi ˈtʃiːkt/ (adj) having pink cheeks You look rosy-cheeked. Have you been running? 9 SB 108
absent-minded /ˌæbsənt (adj) forgetful When people grow old, they often become absent-minded and forget 9 SB 108
ˈmaɪndɪd/ where they put things.
self-centred /ˌself ˈsentəd/ (adj) thinking about yourself all the time Mike is very self-centred and won’t do anything unless it benefits 9 SB 108
him.
big-headed /ˌbɪg ˈhedɪd/ (adj) too proud Don’t be so big-headed. You haven’t achieved that much. 9 SB 108
hard-headed /ˌhɑːd ˈhedɪd/ (adj) determined and not allowing your He’s a hard-headed businessman when it comes to making a deal. 9 SB 108
emotions to affect your decisions
party /pɑːti/ (n) a group of people travelling together The school is taking a party of forty children to France. 9 SB 108
supply depot /səˈplaɪ ˌdepəʊ/ (n) place where large amounts of food or They have a lot more in the supply depot. 9 SB 108
equipment is stored
groceries /ˈɡrəʊsəriz/ (n pl) things usu. bought weekly that you need I haven’t bought the groceries this week, I’m afraid. 9 SB 109
for eating and cooking
paella /paɪˈelə/ (n) Spanish dish made with rice, chicken 9 SB 109
and / or seafood and vegetables
you name it /ˌjuː ˈneɪm ɪt/ (phr) anything you can imagine You name it, you can have it. 9 SB 110
grand /grænd/ (adj) impressive It's not a very grand house. 9 SB 111
imposing /ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ/ (adj) making a strong impression It’s a grand and imposing building. 9 SB 111

33
heel /hiːl/ (n) part of the foot at the back which touches I couldn’t walk for days because I cut my heel on some broken glass. 9 SB 113
the ground
shin /ʃɪn/ (n) front, lower part of the leg I got kicked in the shins playing football yesterday. 9 SB 113
thigh /θaɪ/ (n) upper part of the leg 9 SB 113
waist /weɪst/ (n) area around the middle of the body, often He put his arm around her waist. 9 SB 113
the narrowest part
wrist /rɪst/ (n) where the hand and the arm meet Judith often wears a gold watch on her left wrist. 9 SB 113
twist (sb’s) arm /ˌtwɪst … ˈɑːm / (idm) force sb to do sth She didn’t want to go, but I twisted her arm. 9 SB 113
pull (sb’s) leg /ˌpʊl … ˈleg/ (idm) play a joke on sb and make them believe I’m joking! I was pulling your leg. 9 SB 113
sth that is not true
put my foot in it /ˌpʊt maɪ ˈfʊt ɪn (idm) say or do sth that upsets or embarrasses I put my foot in it. I hadn’t realized it was a secret. 9 SB 113
ɪt/ sb
pick (sb’s) brains /ˌpɪk … ˈbreɪnz/ (idm) ask sb a lot of questions about sth You lived in Madrid. Can I pick your brains about where to go and 9 SB 113
because they know more about the what to do?
subject than you do
the solar system /ðə ˌsəʊlə (n) the sun and all the planets that move 9 SB 114
ˈsɪstəm/ around it
tackle /tækl/ (v) make a determined effort to deal with a I think I'll tackle the repairs next weekend. 9 SB 114
difficult problem
inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ (v) live in a particular place He reflected on what a strange world Stephen and Veronica 9 SB 114
inhabited.
fund /fʌnd/ (v) provide money for sth The museum is privately funded. 9 SB 114
the human race /ðə ˌhjuːmən (n) all people, considered together as a group The disaster could be the end of the human race. 9 SB 114
ˈreɪs/
nod off /nɒd ɒf/ (phr v) go to sleep for a short time She was so tired that she nodded off in class yesterday. 9 SB 116
glacier /ˈɡlæsiə(r)/ (n) large mass of ice in the mountains that 9 SB 116
moves very slowly down a valley
fjord /ˈfjɔːd/ (n) long, narrow strip of water coming from 9 SB 116
the sea, esp. in Norway
prospect /ˈprɒspekt/ (n) idea of what might happen in the future The prospect of spending a night in the old house was frightening, 9 SB 116
but we did it!
frost-bite /ˈfrɒstbaɪt/ (n) damage to skin from severe cold weather After three days on the mountain he got frost-bite on two fingers. 9 SB 116
go to extraordinary /ɡəʊ tə ɪk (idm) do very complicated and difficult things to Some students go to extraordinary lengths to avoid sports lessons. 9 WB 57
lengths ˈstrɔːdnri ˌleŋθs/ get the result you want
gain an edge /ɡeɪn æn ˈedʒ/ (idm) get a small advantage over sb Slight improvements in car design allow racing drivers to gain an 9 WB 57
edge over their rivals.
occur to /əˈkɜː(r) tu/ (phr v) come into your mind The idea occurred to him in a dream. 9 WB 57
resort to /rɪˈzɔːt tə/ (phr v) do sth because nothing else is possible When my dad can’t think of a good argument he usually resorts to 9 WB 57
shouting!
come forward /ˌkʌm ˈfɔːwəd/ (phr v) offer help, give requested information Two people who had seen the accident finally came forward. 9 WB 57
pull out of /pʊl ˈaʊt ɒv/ (phr v) not take part in sth you had entered or The boy had to pull out of the competition because he hurt his arm. 9 WB 57
agreed to do
scores of /ˈskɔːz ɒv/ (phr) lots of It’s no problem. I’ve done this scores of times. 9 WB 58
fit in /fɪt ɪn/ (phr v) manage to find the time to do things I can’t fit in sports training with all this schoolwork! 9 WB 60

34
whet your appetite (for) /wet jɔː(r) (idm) make you want more of sth This book will whet your appetite for more of her work. 9 WB 60
ˈæpɪtaɪt/
cross my mind /ˌkrɒs maɪ (idm) think of The thought never crossed my mind. 9 WB 61
ˈmɪnd/
make up my mind /meɪk ˌʌp maɪ (idm) decide I can’t make up my mind which one to choose. 9 WB 61
ˈmɪnd /
be up to my eyes in /bi ˌʌp tu maɪ (idm) have a lot of sth to deal with I’m up to my eyes in work at the moment. 9 WB 61
(sth) ˈaɪz ɪn/
not see eye to eye /nɒt ˌsi: aɪ tu (idm) not share the same views as sb about sth I haven’t seen eye to eye with my brother for ages. 9 WB 61
ˈaɪ/
chart /tʃɑːt/ (n) visual representation of information Our family kept a chart of the heights of the children as they were 10 SB 117
growing up.
epileptic fit /ˌepɪˈleptɪk fɪt/ (n) a sudden attack of an illness in which sb 10 SB 118
becomes unconscious and their body may
make violent movements
linguistic /lɪŋˈgwɪstɪk/ (adj) connected with language Children have an innate linguistic ability. 10 SB 118
recite /rɪˈsaɪt/ (v) say aloud a series of things Each child had to recite a poem to the class. 10 SB 118
decimal place /ˌdesɪml ˈpleɪs/ (n) the number of figures after the point that The answer was rounded to two decimal places. 10 SB 118
separates a whole number from its
fraction
a matter of /ə ˈmætər əv/ (idm) only a few I go on holiday in a matter of days. 10 SB 118
abstract /ˈæbstrækt/ (adj) based on general ideas and not on any I prefer to deal with concrete facts and figures, not abstract ideas. 10 SB 118
particular real person, thing or situation
come to terms (with) /ˌkʌm tu ˈtɜ:mz/ (idm) find a way of accepting sth unpleasant The enemy was eventually forced to come to terms with the idea of 10 SB 118
defeat.
volume /ˈvɒljuːm/ (n) book, often part of a series I want to read the second volume in this series. 10 SB 119
encyclopaedia /ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə/ (n) book or online resource where you can I’ve no idea where that animal lives. Look it up in the 10 SB 119
find information about all areas of encyclopaedia.
knowledge, usu. arranged alphabetically
simultaneously /ˌsɪmlˈteɪniəsli/ (adv) happening at the same time Jerry and Shirley gave the answer simultaneously and everyone in 10 SB 119
class laughed!
(to) the naked eye /ðə ˌneɪkɪd ˈaɪ/ (n) the normal power of your eyes without It’s too small to see with the naked eye. 10 SB 119
the help of an instrument
intriguingly /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋli/ (adv) interestingly, not easy to explain Intriguingly, Frances left the party ten minutes after she had 10 SB 119
arrived.
acquire /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ (v) gain She has acquired a good knowledge of English. 10 SB 119
conscious /ˈkɒnʃəs/ (adj) deliberate or controlled I made a conscious effort to get there on time. 10 SB 119
function /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ (n) a special activity of a person or thing The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body. 10 SB 119
retain /rɪˈteɪn/ (v) continue to have She retained her tennis title for the third year. 10 SB 119
wire a plug /ˌwaɪər ə ˈplʌg/ (phr) connect a piece of equipment to an Do you know how to wire a plug? 10 SB 119
electricity supply
reflect (on) /rɪˈflekt/ (v) think carefully and deeply about The story is about an old man who reflects on his life. 10 SB 119
recollect /ˌrekəˈlekt/ (v) remember I’m afraid I can’t recollect where we met. 10 SB 120

35
comprehend /ˌkɒmprɪˈhend/ (v) understand sth fully She could not comprehend how someone would risk people's lives in 10 SB 120
that way.
comedian /kəˈmiːdiən/ (n) an entertainer who makes people laugh by He’s one of the funniest comedians I’ve ever seen. 10 SB 120
telling jokes or funny stories:
talkative /ˈtɔːkətɪv/ (adj) liking to talk a lot He's not very talkative, is he? 10 SB 120
graceful /ˈgreɪsfl/ (adj) moving in a controlled, attractive way The dancers were all tall and graceful. 10 SB 120
Neptune /ˈneptju:n/ (n) a planet in the solar system that is eighth 10 SB 121
in order of distance from the sun
Saturn /ˈsætɜːn/ (n) a large planet in the solar system that has 10 SB 121
rings around it and is sixth in order of
distance from the sun
steel /stiːl/ (n unc) a strong hard metal that is made of a The frame is made of steel. 10 SB 121
mixture of iron and carbon
chimpanzee /ˌtʃɪmpænˈziː/ (n) a small, intelligent African ape – like a In the memory tests, the chimpanzees did very well. 10 SB 121
large monkey but without a tail
sequence /ˈsiːkwəns / (n) a set of events, numbers, etc. which have He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery. 10 SB 122
a particular order
work out /wɜːk ˈaʊt/ (phr v) have a good result I thought the holiday with your parents was going to be a disaster but 10 SB 122
it worked out well.
go on about /ɡəʊ ˈɒn əˌbaʊt/ (phr v) talk about sth too often He’s been going on about his holiday for two weeks now. I’m getting 10 SB 122
fed up.
agility /əˈʤɪləti/ (n unc) ability to move quickly and easily He had the agility of a man half his age. 10 SB 123
perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ (n unc) the quality of continuing to try to achieve They showed great perseverance in the face of difficulty. 10 SB 123
a particular aim in spite of difficulties
stamina /ˈstæmɪnə/ (n unc) the physical or mental strength that It takes a lot of stamina to run a marathon. 10 SB 123
enables you to do sth difficult for long
periods of time
donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ (v) give money or things to charity Our school donated a thousand pounds to charity last year. 10 SB 124
punctual /ˈpʌŋktʃuəl/ (adj) on time; not late I think it’s important to be punctual and not keep people waiting. 10 SB 124
pursue /pəˈsjuː/ (v) follow, try to reach sb or sth Terry is pursuing his ambition to be a pilot by going to a special 10 SB 124
college.
composer /kəmˈpəʊzə(r)/ (n) a person who writes music, esp. classical She’s the composer of the film’s music. 10 SB 124
music
(child) prodigy /ˈprɒdɪʤi/ (n) young person who is extremely talented Mozart was a child prodigy and amazed everyone who heard him 10 SB 124
or clever play.
mind my own business /ˌmaɪnd maɪ əʊn (idm) think about my own affairs and not try to I was sitting in a café minding my own business, when the robber 10 SB 125
ˈbɪznəs/ get involved in other people's lives came in.
change my mind /ˌʧeɪnʤ maɪ (idm) change a decision I have made If you change your mind about coming out tonight, give me a ring. 10 SB 125
ˈmaɪnd/
mind your head /ˈmaɪnd jɔː(r) (phr) be careful that you don’t hit your head, Mind your head! The doorway is very low. 10 SB 125
ˌhed/ e.g. because the ceiling is low
take your mind off (sth) /ˌteɪk jɔː(r) (idm) make you stop thinking about sth I was very worried about my exam results so I watched a film to take 10 SB 125
ˈmaɪnd ɒf/ my mind off it.
be bored out of my /bi ˌbɔːd aʊt əv (idm) be extremely bored The film was terrible. I was bored out of my mind. 10 SB 125
mind maɪ ˈmaɪnd /

36
be in two minds (about /ˌbi ɪn ˈtuː (idm) be unable to make a decision I’m in two minds about taking the job. 10 SB 125
sth) maɪndz/
bear (sth) in mind /ˌbeər … ɪn (idm) remember Bear in mind that you’ll only have twenty minutes. 10 SB 125
ˈmaɪnd/
interfere /ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/ (v) get involved in and try to influence a I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own 10 SB 125
situation that does not concern you decisions.
post-graduate /ˌpəʊst (adj) done after a (first) university degree He’s started a post-graduate degree in management. 10 SB 126
ˈgræʤuət/
MA /ˌem ˈeɪ/ (n) a second university degree in an arts She’s doing an MA in politics. 10 SB 126
subject
PhD /ˌpiː eɪʧ ˈdiː/ (n) a university degree of a very high level His PhD research is on motivation in language learning. 10 SB 126
that is given to sb who has done research
in a particular subject
in response to /ɪn rɪˈspɒns tə/ (phr) to answer In response to your questions about who your new teacher will be, 10 SB 126
I’m afraid you will have to wait for a couple of weeks.
distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n) a special mark for excellence in an exam Paul will definitely get a distinction in his exams. 10 SB 126
enclose /ɪnˈkləʊz/ (v) put sth in the same envelope, email, etc. Please return the completed form, enclosing a recent photograph. 10 SB 127
as sth else
occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ (n) a particular time when sth happens I've met him on several occasions. 10 SB 127
syllabus /ˈsɪləbəs/ (n) a list of the topics, books, etc. that Is that book on the syllabus? 10 SB 127
students should study in a particular
subject
at your (earliest) /ət ˌjɔː … kən (idm) at a time which is (the most) suitable for Please send it back at your earliest convenience. 10 SB 127
convenience ˈviːniəns/ sb
oversubscribed /ˌəʊvəsəb (adj) if an activity, service, etc. is The popular secondary schools in the town are usually 10 SB 127
ˈskraɪbd/ oversubscribed, there are fewer places, oversubscribed.
tickets, etc. than the number of people
who are asking for them
by heart /baɪ ˈhaːt/ (phr) using only your memory I've dialled the number so many times I know it by heart. 10 SB 128
illegality /ˌɪliˈgæləti/ (n unc) the state of not being allowed by the law No illegality is suspected. 10 SB 128
carelessness /ˈkeələsnəs/ (n unc) not enough attention and thought, so that It was a moment of carelessness. 10 SB 128
mistakes are made
striking /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ (adj) interesting and unusual enough to attract She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister. 10 SB 128
attention
over-commit /ˈəʊvə(r) kəˌmɪt/ (v) agree to do more things than you can I’ve over-committed this month and I’m never going to be able to do 10 SB 128
everything.
refer to /rɪˈfɜː ˌtu/ (phr v) be connected to This paragraph refers to the events of last year. 10 WB 64
stretch out /ˌstreʧ ˈaʊt/ (phr v) lie down in order to relax or sleep He stretched himself out on the sofa and fell asleep. 10 WB 66
cheer up /ˌʧɪər ˈ ʌp/ (phr v) become more cheerful Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up. 10 WB 68
show off /ˌʃəʊ ˈɒf/ (phr v) try to impress others by talking about your He's just showing off because that girl he likes is here. 10 WB 68
abilities
obsolete /ˈɒbsəliːt/ (adj) no longer used because sth new has been With technological changes, many traditional skills have become 11 SB 129
invented obsolete.
technically literate /ˌteknɪkli (phr) able to use new technology My grandad is certainly not technically literate! 11 SB 130
ˈlɪtərət/

37
gismo /ˈgɪzməʊ/ (n) a small piece of equipment, often one She has every latest gismo available. 11 SB 130
that does sth in a new and clever way
dramatically /drəˈmætɪkli/ (adv) extremely Prices have increased dramatically in the last few years. 11 SB 130
motor skills /ˈməʊtə ˌskɪlz/ (phr) abilities connected with the nerves that Children’s motor skills develop dramatically in the first few years of 11 SB 130
control movement their lives.
co-ordination /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/ (n unc) 0 You need good hand-eye co-ordination to play ball games. 11 SB 130
empowerment /ɪmˈpaʊəmənt/ (n unc) the act of giving power The theory is about the empowerment of the individual. 11 SB 130
considerable /kənˈsɪdərəbl/ (adj) great The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money. 11 SB 131
cyberspace /ˈsaɪbəspeɪs/ (n unc) the imaginary place where electronic 11 SB 131
messages, pictures, etc. exist while they
are being sent between computers
alter /ˈɔːltə(r)/ (v) make sb / sth different Prices did not alter significantly during 2007. 11 SB 131
attain /əˈteɪn/ (v) succeed in getting sth after a lot of effort Most of our students attained five ‘A’ grades in their exams. 11 SB 131
content /ˈkɒntent/ (n unc) the subject matter of sth, e.g. a text Her poetry has a good deal of political content. 11 SB 131
reasoning /ˈri:zənɪŋ/ (n unc) the process of thinking about things in a What is the reasoning behind this decision? 11 SB 131
logical way
hinder /ˈhɪndə(r)/ (v) make it difficult for sb to do sth Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources. 11 SB 131
wireless /ˈwaɪələs/ (adj) that operates without a wire Most devices are wireless nowadays. 11 SB 131
keypad /ˈki:pæd/ (n) a small set of buttons with numbers on The buttons are stuck on my phone's keypad. 11 SB 131
them, used to operate a telephone, TV,
etc.
voice-activated /ˌvɔɪs (adj) (of equipment) that starts working when I have voice-activated software on my laptop. 11 SB 131
ˈæktɪveɪtɪd/ sb talks into it
high-resolution /ˌhaɪ ˌrezəˈlu:ʃn/ (n unc) the power of a computer screen, printer, My new monitor has a high-resolution display. 11 SB 131
etc. to give a very clear image
headphones /ˈhedfəʊnz/ (n pl) a piece of equipment worn over the ears 11 SB 131
that makes it possible to listen to sth
without other people hearing it
burn /bɜ:n/ (v) copy with the use of a computer My cousin burns movies all the time. 11 SB 133
programme
manual /ˈmænjuəl/ (n) a book that tells you how to do or operate Why don't you read the manual? 11 SB 133
sth
approve (of) /əˈpru:v/ (v) think that sb / sth is good, acceptable or Do you approve of my idea? 11 SB 134
suitable
obligatory /əˈblɪgətri/ (adj) that you must do It is obligatory for all employees to wear protective clothing. 11 SB 134
headlights /ˈhedlaɪts/ (n pl) the large lights at the front of a motor He dipped his headlights for the oncoming traffic. 11 SB 134
vehicle
adjust /əˈʤʌst/ (v) change sth slightly This button is for adjusting the volume. 11 SB 135
pressure group /ˈpreʃə gru:p/ (n) a group of people who try to influence the It was started by the environmental pressure group ‘Greenpeace’. 11 SB 136
government and ordinary people's opinion
propose /prəˈpəʊz/ (v) suggest The government proposed changes to the voting system. 11 SB 136
genetic engineering /ʤəˌnetɪk ˌenʤɪ (n unc) the science of changing how a living 11 SB 136
ˈnɪərɪŋ/ creature or plant develops by changing
the information in its genes

38
menial /ˈmiːniəl/ (adj) routine; done by hand Many people don’t like doing menial work around the home. 11 SB 136
contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbju:ʃn/ (n) an action or service that adds to sth, He made a very positive contribution to the success of the project. 11 SB 136
making it bigger or better
compatible (with) /kəmˈpætəbl/ (adj) (of machines, esp. computers) able to be The new system will be compatible with existing equipment. 11 SB 136
used together
humanoid /ˈhju:mənɔɪd/ (n) a machine that looks and behaves like a 11 SB 137
human being
talk back /tɔːk ˈbæk/ (phr v) argue My mum used to get cross if I talked back to her when I was young. 11 SB 137
mission /ˈmɪʃn/ (n) important official job a person or group is The army sent my brother on a special mission to South Africa. 11 SB 137
asked to do
artificial intelligence /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪn (n unc) area of study concerned with making Scientists have been trying to develop artificial intelligence for a 11 SB 137
ˈtelɪʤəns/ computers copy intelligent human long time with little success.
behaviour
contactable /kɒnˈtæktəbl/ (adj) available to be reached by phone I'll be contactable on this number. 11 SB 138
reinforce /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/ (v) make stronger Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 11 SB 139
physical education /ˌfɪzɪkl ˌeʤu (n) sport and exercise that is taught in I teach physical education at the secondary school across town. 11 SB 139
ˈkeɪʃn/ schools
knowledgeable /ˈnɒlɪʤəbl/ (adj) knowing a lot She is very knowledgeable about plants. 11 SB 139
update /ˌʌpˈdeɪt/ (v) change sth according to the most recent Our records are regularly updated. 11 SB 139
information
be better off /bi ˌbetə(r) ˈɒf/ (idm) having more money or being in a better You’d be better off asking Rita about the homework. I wasn’t 11 WB 70
position listening!
figure out /ˌfɪɡə(r) ˈaʊt/ (phr v) understand sth I can’t figure out what I’ve spent all my money on this month. 11 WB 70
no wonder /ˌnəʊ ˈwʌndə(r)/ (idm) it is not surprising It’s no wonder they lost. They are terrible! 11 WB 72
knock over /ˌnɒk ˈəʊvə(r)/ (phr v) hit sth and make it fall to the ground You need to knock over the can to win. 11 WB 73
(sb’s) days are /deɪz ɑː(r) (idm) not going to last long After his terrible mistake, the politician’s days are numbered. 11 WB 75
numbered ˈnʌmbəd/
track down /træk ˈdaʊn/ (phr v) find sb / sth after a difficult search I finally tracked down my brother. He was playing computer games 11 WB 75
at his friend’s house.
homelessness /ˈhəʊmləsnəs/ (n unc) the state of having no home Homelessness amongst young people has risen to record levels. 12 SB 141
graffiti /ɡrəˈfiːti/ (n unc) drawings or writing on a wall, etc. in a The subway was covered in graffiti. 12 SB 141
public place
publicity stunt /pʌbˈlɪsəti (n) unusual action to gain attention for a Protestors threw purple powder over the Prime Minister as a 12 SB 142
ˌstʌnt/ particular cause or to advertise sth publicity stunt.
stage a protest /ˌsteɪdʒ ə (phr) make a public expression of strong Our class staged a protest when they changed our exam dates. 12 SB 142
ˈprəʊtest/ disagreement to sth
cause /kɔːz/ (n) an idea that people support or fight for The campaigners raised a large amount of money for their cause. 12 SB 142
public figure /ˌpʌblɪk ˈfɪgə(r)/ (n) a person who is well known because they Public figures need to be careful how they behave. 12 SB 143
are often on the TV, radio, etc.
self-important /ˌself ɪm (adj) thinking that you are more important than Stop being so self-important! 12 SB 143
ˈpɔːtənt/ other people
victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ (n) person who has been attacked The victim of the robbery was hit on the head and had to spend a 12 SB 143
week in hospital.
objective /əbˈʤektɪv/ (n) sth that you are trying to achieve You must set realistic aims and objectives for yourself. 12 SB 143

39
feature /ˈfiːʧə(r)/ (v) present or be presented The film features Cary Grant as a professor. 12 SB 143
track record /ˈtræk ˌrekɔːd/ (n) all the past achievements of a person He has a good track record in sales. 12 SB 143
tuition fees /tjuˈɪʃn ˌfiːz/ (n) the money that you pay to be taught, esp. Students pay much higher tuition fees nowadays. 12 SB 143
in a college or university
eye-catching /ˈaɪ ˌkæʧɪŋ/ (adj) sth that makes people notice The pop star wore an eye-catching outfit at the concert. 12 SB 143
scandal /ˈskændl/ (n) shocking event that people think is wrong The prince caused a scandal by marrying an unknown student. 12 SB 143
swan /swɒn/ (n) large waterbird that is usu. white and has 12 SB 143
a long neck
monarchy /ˈmɒnəki/ (n unc) system of government by a king or queen The monarchy is still very popular in our country, especially amongst 12 SB 143
the older people.
activist /ˈæktɪvɪst/ (n) a person who works to achieve political or The animal rights activists were moved on. 12 SB 143
social change
skyscraper /ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)/ (n) a very tall building in a city It’s the tallest skyscraper in the world. 12 SB 143
with your bare hands /wɪð jɔː(r) (phr) without tools or weapons There are people who wrestle crocodiles with their bare hands. 12 SB 143
ˌbeə(r) ˈhændz/
onlooker /ˈɒnlʊkə(r)/ (n) person who watches sth that is happening The police told all the onlookers at the scene of the accident to go 12 SB 143
but is not involved in it home.
cheer /ˈʧɪə(r)/ (v) shout loudly, to show support or praise for We all cheered as the team came on to the field. 12 SB 143
sb
nickname /ˈnɪkneɪm/ (n) familiar name your friends call you My nickname at school was ‘Carrots’ because I had red hair. 12 SB 143
chief /ʧiːf/ (adj) main; most important The chief cause was the amount of rain. 12 SB 143
short-haul /ˈʃɔːt ˌhɔːl/ (adj) that involves transporting people or goods It was only a short-haul flight. 12 SB 143
over short distances
occupy /ˈɒkjupaɪ/ (v) enter a place in a large group and take The bed seemed to occupy most of the room. 12 SB 143
control of it
unfurl /ˌʌnˈfɜːl/ (v) make sth open, that is curled or rolled The leaves slowly unfurled. 12 SB 143
tightly
banner /ˈbænə(r)/ (n) a long piece of fabric with a message on it A huge banner over the street said ‘Welcome home’. 12 SB 143
that is carried between two poles or hung
in a public place to show support for sth
slogan /ˈsləʊɡən/ (n) short phrase that is easy to remember to The crowd started shouting anti-war slogans. 12 SB 143
remind people about a product or an idea
call for /ˈkɔːl ˌfɔː(r)/ (phr v) publicly ask for sth to happen The opposition have called for him to resign. 12 SB 143
scrap /skræp/ (v) get rid of They had been forced to scrap the plans for a new school building. 12 SB 143
convention centre /kənˈvenʃn (n) a large venue where conferences take The politicians met in the convention centre. 12 SB 143
ˌsentə(r)/ place
religious /rɪˈlɪʤəs/ (adj) connected with one of the systems of His religious beliefs are important to him. 12 SB 143
faith
grounds /graʊndz/ (n pl) a good reason for doing or believing sth You have no grounds for complaint. 12 SB 143
hand out /ˌhænd ˈaʊt/ (phr v) distribute; give to people They handed out the leaflet on the high street. 12 SB 143
leaflet /ˈliːflət/ (n) printed sheets of paper that are given Pick up a free leaflet from your local post office. 12 SB 143
free of charge to advertise or give
information about sth
baffle /ˈbæfl/ (v) confuse sb completely I'm baffled as to why she hasn't called. 12 SB 143

40
condemn /kənˈdem/ (v) express very strong disapproval of sb / The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 12 SB 143
sth,
emerge /iˈmɜːʤ/ (v) appear or become known She finally emerged from her room at noon. 12 SB 143
hire (sb) /ˈhaɪə(r)/ (v) give sb a job She washired three years ago. 12 SB 143
mount /maʊnt/ (v) organize and begin sth They mounted a campaign against the government. 12 SB 143
realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/ (v) achieve I don’t think Maria will ever realize her ambition of being a pop star. 12 SB 144
policy /ˈpɒləsi/ (n) an agreed or chosen plan of action The company has adopted a firm policy on shoplifting. 12 SB 144
develop /dɪˈveləp/ (v) treat photographic film with chemicals so I had the film developed yesterday. 12 SB 144
that the pictures can be seen
back /bæk/ (v) support sb / sth Her parents backed her in her choice of career. 12 SB 144
dye /daɪ/ (v) change colour of sth Has Fiona dyed her hair? It looks much blonder than it did before. 12 SB 144
coat of paint /ˌkəʊt əv ˈpeɪnt/ (n) a layer of paint that covers a surface The door is in need of a coat of paint. 12 SB 144
surgery /ˈsɜːʤəri/ (n) a place where a doctor sees patients I had to wait for over an hour at the doctor's surgery. 12 SB 145
crooked /ˈkrʊkɪd/ (adj) dishonest All the officials are crooked. 12 SB 146
also: not in a straight line; bent Your glasses are crooked.
morals /ˈmɒrəlz/ (n pl) standards or principles of good behaviour Young people these days have no morals. 12 SB 146
high-pitched /ˌhaɪ ˈpɪʧt/ (adj) (of sounds) very high She has a really high-pitched voice. 12 SB 146
try out /ˌtraɪ ˈaʊt/ (phr v) test sth He tried out a new car. 12 SB 146
enclosure /ɪnˈkləʊʒə(r)/ (n) area of land surrounded by a fence or wall The animals were kept in an enclosure throughout the winter 12 SB 147
months.
exposed (to) /ɪkˈspəʊzd/ (adj) not protected from attack The group were exposed to an attack. 12 SB 147
extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n unc) death, disappearance of a species of Many people think climate change will cause the extinction of many 12 SB 147
animal species.
confrontation /ˌkɒnfrʌnˈteɪʃn/ (n unc) an angry disagreement between people or She wanted to avoid another confrontation with her father. 12 SB 148
groups who have different opinions
committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/ (adj) having made a decision to definitely do The government is committed to improving life for poorer people in 12 SB 148
sth our society.
filling station /ˈfɪlɪŋ ˌsteɪʃn/ (n) place where you can buy petrol for your 12 SB 148
car
segment /ˈseɡmənt/ (n) piece, section of sth I like the segment of the programme where they give the viewers’ 12 SB 148
opinions.
biodiesel /ˈbaɪəʊdiːzl/ (n) fuel made from vegetable oil or animal fat Biodiesel has been promoted as an alternative to petrol. 12 SB 148
longstanding /ˌlɒŋˈstændɪŋ/ (adj) having existed for a long time They are in a longstanding relationship. 12 SB 148
applicable /əˈplɪkəbl/ (adj) that can be put into practice New technology is not always applicable to farming. 12 SB 148
also: relevant Give only applicable details.
labour-saving /ˈleɪbə ˌseɪvɪŋ/ (adj) saving time and energy We have a lot of labour-saving machines in our homes these days. 12 SB 149
thirst-quenching /ˈθɜːst (adj) stopping you being thirsty Oranges are very thirst-quenching. 12 SB 149
ˌkwentʃɪŋ/
heart-warming /ˈhɑːt ˌwɔːmɪŋ/ (adj) making you feel good The film is a heart-warming story of a young boy who finds his 12 SB 149
family after searching for years and years.
mouth-watering /ˈmaʊθ (adj) making you want to eat it The picture of the meal was so mouth-watering that he suddenly 12 SB 149
ˌwɔːtərɪŋ/ became hungry.

41
lap /læp/ (n) one journey from beginning to end of a After four laps, Helen was too tired to continue the race. 12 SB 149
track
vineyard /ˈvɪnjəd/ (n) place where grapes are grown to make 12 SB 149
wine
layabout /ˈleɪabaʊt/ (n) a lazy person who does not do much work You’re such a layabout. You need to get a job. 12 SB 149
award /əˈwɔːd/ (n) a prize such as money, etc. for sth that sb He was nominated for the best actor award. 12 SB 149
has done
multi-storey (car park) /ˌmʌlti ˈstɔːri/ (adj) a large building with several floors for The multi-storey car park holds 1,000 cars. 12 SB 150
parking cars in
demolish /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/ (v) pull down, destroy Our first house was demolished ten years ago. 12 SB 150
bank /bæŋk/ (n) sides of a river or lake The river banks are covered with blue flowers at this time of the 12 SB 150
year.
resurface /ˌriːˈsɜːfɪs/ (v) put a new surface on a road, path, etc. The road needs to be resurfaced because there are a lot of holes in 12 SB 151
it.
petition /pəˈtɪʃn/ (n) list of people’s signatures attached to a I signed a petition today to save our local hospital from closing. 12 SB 152
document that asks sb in authority to do
or change sth
dynamite /ˈdaɪnəmaɪt/ (n) a powerful explosive They blew the building up with dynamite. 12 SB 152
carbon /ˈkaːbən/ (n) a chemical element found in all living Carbon is one of the most common elements in the world. 12 SB 152
things
emission /iˈmɪʃn/ (n) the production of or sending out of light, Carbon emissions from cars make pollution worse. 12 SB 152
heat, gas, etc.
tarantula /təˈrænʧələ/ (n) a large hairy spider that lives in hot 12 SB 152
countries
tactic /ˈtæktɪk/ (n) the particular method you use to achieve When I play tennis I don’t think about tactics – I just go out and hit 12 SB 152
sth, e.g. win a game the ball!
preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ (v) keep sth in its original state in good He was anxious to preserve his reputation. 12 SB 152
condition
fossil fuel /ˌfɒsɪl ˈfjuːəl/ (n) fuel such as coal or oil The country is too reliant on fossil fuels. 12 SB 152
hippy /ˈhɪpi/ (n) person who believes in peace and love My aunt was a hippy in the 1960s! I can’t imagine her dressed in long 12 SB 152
and rejects conventional social rules skirts with flowers in her hair!
generator /ˈdʒenəreɪtə(r)/ (n) machine used to produce electricity 12 SB 152
well off /ˌwel ˈɒf/ (idm) having a lot of money The couple are very well off . 12 WB 77
stick to /ˈstɪk tə/ (phr v) continue doing sth in spite of difficulties She finds it impossible to stick to a diet. 12 WB 78
invite (sb) round /ɪnˌvaɪt … (phr) ask sb to visit you (usu. at your home) 12 WB 78
ˈraʊnd/
fingers crossed /ˌfɪŋgəz ˈkrɒst/ (phr) let’s hope for the best Fingers crossed you win! 12 WB 82

42

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sucker /ˈsʌkə(r)/ (n) a special organ on the body of some 3 SB 34

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