UNIT 26

TOXIC VS HEALTHY RELATIONSHIP

Learning Objective
By the end of this unit, you will be able to:
1. summarize the points from the listening passage about friendship
2. identify sentence elements

A. Let’s Learn
I. Let’s observe this picture, discuss it with your friend in pairs. What probably happened
among the people in this picture? Imagined you experienced the same thing, how you
probably would handle it.

A sentence in English should have at least a subject and a verb, except for an imperative
sentence, in which the subject is already understood (for example, “Do your
assignment well.”).
The subject may consist of:
1. Noun (N) Birds have wings.
2. Pronoun (Pron) It is a bird.
3. Noun Phrase (NP) A bird has a wing.
4. Noun Clause (NC) That the world is round is true.
5. Gerund (G) Walking is a good exercise.
6. Gerund Phrase (GP) Working eight hours is enough.
7. Infinitive (Inf) To walk is a good exercise.
8. Infinitive phrase (IP) To work eight hours is enough.
 The verb may be:
1. A single-word verb People need vitamins.
2. A verb phrase Indonesia is located between the Indian Ocean (to
the west) and Pacific Ocean (to the east).

The following chart outlines the key information that we should remember
about subjects and verbs.

SUBJECTS AND VERBS

A sentence in English must have at least one subject and one verb. The first
thing we should do when we read a sentence in the Sentence Completion is
to find the subject and the verb.

B. Let’s Practice
I. Listening and Speaking
Please watch this short video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eLOXe6izSE and
summarize briefly signs of a toxic friendship. Share and discuss the ideas of how to end a
toxic friendship.

II. Vocabulary and Reading: Read the text carefully and underline which behavior
belongs to toxic and highlight the healthy behavior. Next, Count how many sentences
are in the following paragraph and determine the verb in each sentence
 A toxic relationship is one that makes you feel unsupported, misunderstood,
demeaned, or attacked. A relationship is toxic when your well-being is threatened in some
way - emotionally, psychologically, and even physically. On a basic level, any
relationship that makes you feel worse rather than better can become toxic over time.
Toxic relationships can exist in just about any context, from the playground to the
boardroom to the bedroom. You may even deal with toxic relationships among your
friends or family members.
Only you can tell if the bad outweighs the good in a relationship. But if someone
consistently threatens your well-being by what you are saying, doing, or not doing, it is
likely a toxic relationship. Relationships that involve physical or verbal abuse are
definitely classified as toxic. But there are other, more subtle, signs of a toxic
relationship, including you give more than you are getting, you feel consistently
disrespected, you feel unsupported, you feel depressed, angry, or tired being with the
other person, you bring out the worst in each other, you are not your best self around the
person, and even you are always to blame.
When determining if a relationship is creating toxicity, it is important to look at which
behaviors are being displayed most frequently in the relationship. In other words, if one
or both of you are consistently selfish, negative, and disrespectful, you could be creating
toxicity in the relationship. But if you are mostly encouraging, compassionate, and
respectful, then there might just be certain issues that create toxicity that need to be
addressed.
(adopted from https://www.verywellmind.com/toxic-relationships-4174665)

II. Grammar and Writing

Determine the subject in each sentence and mention the abbreviation (shown above) that
tells which one of the eight subject types the sentence contains. Number 1 is the example.
1. Many Indonesians are proud of their national heroes and heroines.
(Many Indonesian/NP)
2. Swimming is fun.
3. Nothing can stop Indonesia from achieving its goals.
4. Exploring the beautiful island of Bali is a dream coming true for many travellers.
5. To eat spicy food is a common habit among Indonesians.
6. They invited us to join them for a trip to Bali.
7. The islands in the east of Indonesia with the rich biodiversity are popular among nature
lovers.
8. How Indonesia achieved its independence is an inspiring story.
9. The politics in Indonesia is democratic and dynamic.
10. Borobudur is a famous Buddhist temple and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in
Indonesia.
Take-Home Assignment
Indonesian culture is rich and diverse, reflecting the country’s history and geography.
Indonesia is home to hundreds of ethnic groups, languages, religions, and traditions, each
with their own unique customs and values. Some of the most prominent aspects of
Indonesian culture are its arts, cuisine, music, and architecture. Indonesian arts include
various forms of dance, drama, puppetry, carving, painting, and batik. Indonesian cuisine is
influenced by different regions and cuisines, such as Chinese, Indian, Arabic, and European.
Indonesian music is known for its gamelan, a traditional ensemble of percussion
instruments, as well as its modern pop and rock genres. Indonesian architecture is
characterized by its use of local materials, such as wood, bamboo, stone, and thatch, and its
adaptation to the tropical climate and environment.

1. How many sentences are in the above paragraph?

(A) 6
(B) 5
(C) 7
(D) 8
2. What is the verb of sentence 4?
(A) aspect
(B) include
(C) arts
(D) is
3. What does the subject of the first sentence consist of?
(A) To infinitive
(B) Pronoun
(C) Gerund
(D) Noun phrase
4. What is the main subject of the last sentence?
(A) Indonesian cuisine
(B) Indonesian music
(C) Indonesian architecture
(D) Architecture
5. What does the verb of the last sentence consist of?
(A) A single-word verb
(B) A verb phrase
(C) A noun phrase
(D) A gerund phrase