1.

Functionalism is the belief in architecture that a building's form should be dictated by

practical variables like material, utilization, and structure, as opposed to the belief that a
design's layout and architecture must follow the designer's predetermined notions.
Functionalism is by no means a distinctively modern idea, even if it is most strongly linked to
modern architecture (and, to a lesser extent, modern furniture). In addition to the fact that
the most fantastical architecture must serve practical purposes, there have been periods in
history when functional factors have taken an exceptionally prominent role, and the way in
which these buildings have addressed the problem of function has a direct bearing on their
artistic qualities.

Examples from historical Europe include the early Middle Ages' military architecture, certain
Gothic church architecture, and a large portion of the 19th century's industrial and
commercial architecture. This emphasis on functionality, which has emerged and
reappeared across the history of architecture regardless of stylistic shifts, has been referred
to as "the functional tradition."

In the 20th century, new building kinds, evolving cultural and aesthetic standards, and
advancements in building techniques all contributed to the emergence of the Functionalist
concept. This trend started when architects desired a more practical approach to building
and were fed up with historical revivalism. This concept is reinforced by the principles "a
house is a machine for living" by Le Corbusier and "form follows function" by Louis Sullivan.
While some contend that addressing practical requirements naturally results in good
architecture, others contend that architects must make judgments between options in order
to distinguish between good and bad design. According to Le Corbusier, aesthetic character
develops as part of the process of determining the purpose of a structure and the most
effective technical methods to fulfill it.