CH2 Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension

NV-College

VG2.48 Physics A.1D.Motion. Suppose you adjust your garden hose nozzle for a hard stream of water. You point the nozzle vertically upward at a height of 1.5 m above the ground. When you quickly move the nozzle away from the vertical, you hear the water striking the ground next to you for another 2.0 s . a. What is the water speed as it leaves the nozzle? b. What is the velocity of water as it hits the ground? c. How high does the water reach? d. How long will it take to reach its highest altitude? e. Plot a rough graph of displacement versus time. f. Plot a rough graph of velocity versus time. g. Plot a rough graph of acceleration versus time. Suggested solution: Data: Known Unknown Answers: y = +1.5 m v0 = ? 4.92t 2 1.5 v0 = ; y = 1.5 m : v = ? t v0 = 9.07 m / s 9.1 m / s

y = 1.5 m : v = 10.57 m / s
t = 0 : y0 = 0.0 m

ymax = ? where v = 0.0 m / s

t = 2.0 s where y = 1.5 m

a = g = 9.82 m / s 2

t = ?: v = 0.0 m / s

2 v0 ; 2g ymax 4.2 m above the original level. ymax 4.2 + 1.5 = 5.7 m above the ground. The object will take t 0.92 s to reach its highest altitude.

ymax =

Assuming the baseball was thrown at t 0 = 0.0 s , and y0 = 0.0 m , we may 1 calculate the initial velocity v0 of the ball using x = v0t + at 2 , x = 1.5 m , 2 and t = 2.0 s .

9.82 2 t = 1.5 2 v0t = 4.91t 2 1.5 v0t

v0 = 4.91t 2 1.5 t
2

v0 =

4.91(2) 1.5 m/ s 2 v0 = 9.07 m / s 9.1 m / s

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CH2 Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension

NV-College

The velocity of the water as it hits the ground may be calculated using v = v0 gt

v = 9.07 9.82 2 = 10.57 m / s v = 10.57 m / s

2 We may use 2ax = v 2 v0 to calculate the maximum altitude of the water.

The relevant data are v0 = 9.07 m / s , v = 0.0 , a = g = 9.82 m / s 2

2 2ax = v 2 v0
2 v 2 v0 x= 2a 0 (9.07) 2 y max = = 4.19 m 2( 9.82) ymax 4.2 m above the original level. Therefore, the baseball will reach ymax 4.2 + 1.5 = 5.7 m above the ground.

2v0 . g The time it takes to reach its maximum height may be calculated using v = v0 gt v v 9.07 0 t= 0 s 0.92 s : t= 9,82 g The object will take t 0.92 s to reach its highest altitude.
which provides t = 0.0 s and ttot =

Displacement, velocity, acceleration vs time

10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 t (s)
Note that in the graph above, the displacement curve is plotted in blue, velocity in red and acceleration in green. It is important to note that the acceleration of water is constant a = g = 9.82 m / s 2 even at the top where the velocity of the water is zero.

x (m); v (m/s); a (m/s2)

1,2

1,4

1,6

1,8

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Sjdalsgymnasiet