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Question Asked 7th Jul, 2017

Ayaka Oya

Can anyone provide reference about estimation of c’ and φ’ for both clay and sand please?
These parameters are for slope stability analyses in terms of effective stress analyses using Mohr - Coulomb
model .

Slope Stability Shear Strength Geotechnical Engineering Soil Mechanics Geotechnics

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Most recent answer

Tiago Souza 4th Jan, 2020

Instituto Tecnologico de Aeronautica

Dear Ayaka,

Geotechnics is not an exact science (definitely)

 0.jpg · 84.81 KB
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Popular Answers (1)

Sadegh Ghavami 7th Jul, 2017

Iran University of Science and Technology

In addition to the items mentioned by Dr. Ahmad, this table may be useful to you.
 C andPhi.jpg · 323.17 KB
Cite 14 Recommendations

All Answers (17)

Raed Ahmad 7th Jul, 2017

National Earthquake Center

Sand, uniform, round grains: 27 - 34 (Friction Angle (degrees))

Sand, well graded, angular: 33 - 45

Sandy gravels: 35 - 50

Silty sand: 27 - 34

Inorganic silt: 27 - 35

each soil sample has different parameters of friction angle and cohesion parameters.
 33.jpg · 306.35 KB
44.jpg · 31.34 KB
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Sadegh Ghavami 7th Jul, 2017
Iran University of Science and Technology

In addition to the items mentioned by Dr. Ahmad, this table may be useful to you.
 C andPhi.jpg · 323.17 KB
Cite 14 Recommendations

Ayaka Oya 10th Jul, 2017

Hi Behzad,

Thanks for question.

I have N-value, liquid-limid, plastic-kimid, type of soil, ρt and ρsat.

Cite
Zoran Berisavljevic 11th Jul, 2017
University of Belgrade

Please refer to Eurocode 7 regarding the applicability of SPT blow counts for estimation of strength parameters
of fine and coarse grained soils.

Index properties that you have may serve you mainly for estimation purposes.

Bear in mind that c and phi are stress dependent. For this you can search the papers by Maksimovic, for both
the strength of coarse and fine grained soils in terms of peak and residual strength.

Cite
Keith Henry Nicholls 13th Jul, 2017
University of Chester
Read Skempton "Consolidation of clays by Gravitational Compaction", Burland on Intrinsic Soil Properties.
Schofield and Wroth text book on Critical State Soil Mechanics is now available FoC on line

Cite
Amaechi J. Anyaegbunam 14th Jul, 2017
University of Nigeria

Hi Ayaka Oya

Your question is a difficult one to answer. Except for loose sand, silts and normally consolidated cays under
mean stress less than 500 KN/sq.m a soil does not have unique c' and φ'. For the aforementioned soils c' = 0
and and φ'= 28 to 30 degrees. The c' and φ' for overconsolidated sands and clays the c' and φ' are variable. For
an OCC the c' and φ' will depend on the preconsolidation stress Generally the higher the c' the lower the φ'.
When sand or rock is tested under large large stress range then the actual failure envelope is curved. When this
curved envelope is fitted with a straight line a fictitious cohesion appears that makes the soil stronger than it si
at low stresses. Every granular soil has zero cohesion at zero normal stress. For fitting of the power-type
nonlinear failure envelopes to triaxial test data you can refer to my paper

Source

Nonlinear Power-Type Failure Laws for Geomaterials: Synthesis from Triaxial Data, Properties, and Applications

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255962696_Nonlinear_Power-
Type_Failure_Laws_for_Geomaterials_Synthesis_from_Triaxial_Data_Properties_and_Applications?
_iepl%5BviewId%5D=A6w7xfWUpEC61Odsgb4SHFob&_iepl%5BprofilePublicationItemVariant%5D=default&_iepl
%5Bcontexts%5D%5B0%5D=prfpi&_iepl%5BtargetEntityId%5D=PB%3A255962696&_iepl%5BinteractionType%5D
=publicationTitle

Article

Article Nonlinear Power-Type Failure Laws for Geomaterials: Synthesi...

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Sharmin Akter 22nd Jul, 2017
Shahjalal University of Science and Technology

c' and φ' vary in terms of soil types. As both of this parameters denotes the effective condition but there is a
simple method to estimate this.

The strength of soil can be determined by Mohr coulumb equation. The formula is Ԏ = C + σ tanФ. For clay,
internal friction will be zero as because it depends on grain size. So in that case, the strength would be equal to
the cohesion i.e. Ԏ = C. On the other side, for sand i.e. non-cohesive soil, Ԏ = σ tanФ because c only depends on
electrostatic attraction that is present only in cohesive soils.

Direct shear test is the easiest procedure to build up the relation between stress and strength i.e. cohesion and
friction values. Following references are attached that will be helpful for your work.

http://osp.mans.edu.eg/geotechnical/Ch1C.htm

Ch8_Strength.pdf · 1.06 MB
Cite
Cristian Soriano 2nd Aug, 2017
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

Dear Ayaka Oya,

I recommend you check this interesting and very complete manual.

Best regards,

Cristian

ManualOnEstimatingSoilProperties.pdf · 9.58 MB
Cite
Milad Nakhaee 3rd Aug, 2017
Iran University of Science and Technology

Dear Ayaka

In general, the soils at the site consist of sandy clay, sandy silt, and silty sand. Values of φ′ and c′ determined
from these tests are as follows: .... Effective stress friction angles were calculated using these values of φo and
∆φ.

you can find useful information in this article:

https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjVhtX9s7rVAhVPbFAKHZStB_UQFgg
yMAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftheses.lib.vt.edu%2Ftheses%2Favailable%2Fetd-093099-
180817%2Funrestricted%2FChapter5.PDF&usg=AFQjCNGnKM1BGj1A0hhGx3ZkP3lHAufdkA

Good luck

Milad

Cite 1 Recommendation
Gianvito Scaringi 13th Sep, 2017
Charles University in Prague

The best practice is to use the results of laboratory tests. It might seem a banal answer, but it is only through lab
testing that you get the most accurate and less uncertain answer. In case you use empirical correlations, you
must be aware of the uncertainties they carry, of the uncertainties of your own input information in the empirical
correlation (e.g. sand: which mineralogy? which grain size? which grain shape? which normal stress?
temperature? shear rate? etc.) and, finally, you must be aware that you have to use an appropriately increased
safety factor when you present your calculation outputs.

Cite
Boriana Tchakalova 4th Feb, 2018
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Dear Cristian Soriano,

Thank you for the useful link!

Best regards,

Boriana

Cite
Boriana Tchakalova 4th Feb, 2018
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Dear Neil Bar,

Thank you for the useful handbook!

 Best regards,

Boriana

"

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