Check your progress 1 Here is a digital clock. What time is the same as that shown on the clock? 2 Write quarter to twelve in the morning as a digital time. “J 3 Here are five times. quarter past seven Which time is the ‘odd one out’? How do you know?2.2 Timetables and time intervals 4 What are the missing numbers? a GO0months= years b 72hours= days ¢ 84days= weeks 5 Bruno leaves school at ten past three. He arrives home at ten to four. How long does it take him to get home? 6 Use the calendar to answer these questions. a What day is 13 November? b Whatis the date of the first Friday in the month? Cenc 123 4 ¢ Whats the date of the last Saturday of $678 9 wh the month? nunBp’* & 6 7 6 d_ The gym club meets on the first and third pee ae eee Wednesday. What are the dates of the November meetings? 7 The timetable shows the television programmes one morning. a Gemma turns the television on at 7.45 a.m. How long does she have to wait for the Weather programme? b The travel programme lasts 10 minutes. What time does it finish? 8 Use the bus timetable to answer the questions that follow. 07:09 | 07:53 | 11:10 | 13:12 | 15:13 | 18:04 | 19:10 07:21 | 08:05 | 11:22 | 13:24 | 15:25 | 18:16 | 19:22 07:44 | 08:28 | 11:45 | 13:47 | 15:48 | 18:39 How long does it take to travel from Oldcastle to Diddlington? How long does it take to travel from Oldcastle to Lenford? What is the latest bus you can catch in Oldcastle if you want to be in Diddlington by 3.30 p.m.?BED Addition and subtraction of whole numbers > 3.1 Using a symbol to represent a missing number or operation Worecbecnes Write the missing number. 85+ = 200 Always check whether the box represents only one digit or a complete number. You need to find the difference between 85 and 200. Method 1: Count on from 85. +15 +100 ee 85 100 200 Method 2: Subtract 85 from 200. 200 - 85 = 115 Method 3: Use known facts. 85 + 15 = 100 so 85 + 115 = 200 Answer: 85 + 115 = 200 34 >3.1 Using a symbol to represent a missing number or operation Exercise 3.1 Focus 1 Write the missing number. 37+ = 100 Write the missing number so that the scales balance. 850 | 150 300 a. 4 + 4 |=100 Write the missing digits. Write the missing number. -8=505 Here is a number square with two missing numbers. The numbers along each edge must add up to 80. Write the missing numbers. 353 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers > Practice 6 Write the missing number. +7+8=28 7 Write the missing number. - 250 = 1000 8 Write the missing number. 48 - =26 9 The numbers in the two circles add up to the number in the square. Use the same rule to find these missing numbers. 10 AandLJare single digits A+ Write all the possible answers for A and ©) © 100 36 >3.1 Using a symbol to represent a missing number or operation Y 11 Here are six digit cards. JBBAEs Use four of the cards to make this calculation correct. = 40 Challenge 12 Complete the number sentence. 304 is more than 296. 13 Break the 4-digit code to open the treasure chest. a Write one 65 - 58 = b 41-2 =12 c 86-79= d 67 - 8=39 Code is: a b c d digit in each lettered box. 373 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers > Y 14 Here is a number triangle with some numbers missing. The numbers along each edge must add up to 90. Use the numbers 30, 40, 50 and 60 to complete the number triangle. 15 Here are five number discs. You could use number counters and move them around until you find the right answer. COV Use each number once so the total across is the same as the total down. Find different ways. O O O00 2.2.3.2 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers > 3.2 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers Worked example 2 Calculate 367 + 185. Estimate: 367 is less than 400 Use any method that 185 is less than 200 voules! youlcan|use quickly and efficiently. So 367 + 185 is less than 600 Calculate: You can use jumps along +100 +40 440 45 a number line starting a NN NN, fromthe bigger number. 367 467 507 547 552 367 Or you can set out the pe calculation vertically. Show as much working 4 0 0 300+100 eerennnecal 14 0 60+80 4 7+5 5 5 Answer: 5523 Addition a Worked example 3 subtraction of whole numb: Calculate 325 - 58. Estimate: 325 is 330 to the nearest 10 Use any method that 58 is 60 to the nearest 10 you feel you can use quickly and efficiently. 330 - 60 = 270 Calculate: You can ‘count back’ 60 ona number line. You can count back 60 and forward 2 or count back 265 267 325 50 and then another 8. 325 Or you can set out the a calculation vertically. 267 You will need to decompose the 200 + 110 + 15 hundreds and tens _ 50+ 8 in 325. 200+ 60+ 7 Show as much working as you need. Answer: 325 - 58 = 267 compose decompose difference regroup 40 >3.2 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers Exercise 3.2 Focus 1 Complete the addition questions. +20 +3 +1 374+24= — 37 +40 74+ 38= 74 —2 2 Complete the subtraction questions. ~20 5 56-25= 56 ~20 65-19= 65 4l3 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers > 3 Complete the calculation 749 + 568. 749=| 700 |+ + 568 = + +| 8 + +| a7 |= 4 Use the most efficient method you can to complete these calculations. a 102+48 b 154-140 Practice 5 The number in each brick is the sum of the numbers on the two bricks below it. 60 You will need to use addition 31 29 and subtraction to complete 13 is i the walls, 18+11=29 42 >3.2 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers Complete these number walls. 25 42 28 19 6 Complete the calculation 786 + 498. 1 |4 | Add the ones 7 Use the most efficient method you can to complete these calculations. a 543+219 b 543-219 433 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers > 8 Calculate the difference between 983 and 389. Challenge 9 Circle three numbers that total 750. 50 150 250 350 450 Aaa Use all four cards to make this calculation correct. 10 Here are four digit cards. + = 100 11 Circle the number that is closest to 900. 925 891 911 808 950 12 Write the missing digits to complete the calculations. a b 44 >3.3 Generalising with odd and even numbers. 13 Naomi has six number cards. JERE She makes two 3-digit numbers and adds them together. a What is the largest total Naomi can make? b What is the smallest total she can make? > 3.3 Generalising with odd and even numbers Woreecuoee, Is it always, sometimes or never true that when you add two numbers together you will get an even number? 1+2=3 whichis odd Test some examples by adding two numbers together. 2+ 4=6 which is even Try to write a general statement. Answer: It is sometimes true because when you add two numbers together the answer may be odd or even. You are generalising when you look to find a rule. 453 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers 7 counter-example even generalisation (general statement) odd 46 Exercise 3.3 Focus 1 Shade all the odd numbers. What is the hidden letter? 2 Work out these calculations: S+11= 23+19= 416 636 50 32 412 232 861 220 657 154 198 423 53 654 110 851 825 730 404 53 676 595 358 206 45 294 687 590 682 566 742 174 552 Each one is the sum of two odd numbers. Use your answers to help you complete this general statement. The sum of two odd numbers is always 3 Here are some statements about odd and even numbers. Join each calculation to the correct answer. odd + odd = even odd + even = odd even + even = 101+5=3.3 Generalising with odd and even numbers. 4 Are the following statements sometimes, always or never true? Explain each answer. a_ The sum of two odd numbers is even. b The sum of three odd numbers is even. Practice 5 Work out these calculations: 5+12= 23+20= 101+ 10= Each one is the sum of one odd number and one even number. Use your answers to help you complete this general statement. The sum of one odd number and one even number is always 6 Here are some statements about odd and even numbers. Tick(Y) the correct box next to each statement. True Not true odd + even = odd odd + odd = even odd - odd = odd 473 Addition and subtraction of whole numbers > Y 7 Leroy says, ‘l add two odd numbers and one even number and my answer is 33.’ Explain why Leroy cannot be correct. “YJ & Mary says, “The difference between two odd numbers is odd.’ Is this always true, sometimes true or never true? Explain your answer. Challenge 9 Work out these calculations: 5+11= 22+19= 34+ 56= 213 +35= 432+79= 876 + 432= Use your answers to help you complete these general statements. The sum of two odd numbers is always The sum of two even numbers is always The sum of one odd number and one even number is always 10 Here are some statements. Write true if the statement is correct. Write false if it is not correct. even + even = even —___ odd + odd = odd even — even = even odd - odd = odd 48 >3.3 Generalising with odd and even numbers 11 Here are four statements about odd and even numbers. One statement is wrong. Put a cross (X) in the box by the wrong statement. The sum of three even numbers is 24. The sum of three odd numbers is 22. The sum of two odd numbers is 20. The sum of two even numbers is 18. YY 12 Is it always, sometimes or never true that the sum of four even numbers will divide exactly by 4?