JMJ Marist Brothers

NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY

College of Arts and Sciences
NURSING DEPARTMENT
Alunan Avenue, Koronadal City, South Cotabato, 9506 Philippines

LESSON 7: GRIEF, ANGER, AND CRISIS

The emotions are usually ones of excitement or

distress marked by strong feelings and usually
accompanied by an impulse toward definite action. If
the emotions are intense, a disturbance in intellectual
function occurs. When the situation is viewed as a
challenge, emotions are more likely positive. If the event
is evaluated as threatening or harmful, negative
emotions are elicited. (Boyd, 2017)

LEARNING OUTCOMES

After working on this module, you should:

1. Determine the variety of emotional response experienced by individuals;
2. Discuss loss and grief through its types, grieving process, dimensions, and cultural
considerations;
3. Explain anger, aggression, and hostility in terms of expression, etiology, and
cultural consideration;
4. Identify crisis based on its characteristics, types, and development; and
5. Value the role of the nurse in caring for people undergoing grief, anger issues, and
crisis.

POINTERS:
Grief, Anger, and Crisis

A. Emotional Response
1. Emotions
2. Categories of Emotions
a. Negative Emotions
b. Positive Emotions
c. Borderline Emotions
d. Nonemotions
Grief, Anger, and Crisis NDMU NURSING DEPARTMENT

B. Grief and Loss

1. Overview
a. Loss
b. Grief
c. Bereavement
d. Mourning
2. Types of Losses
a. Physiologic Loss
b. Safety Loss
c. Loss of Security and a Sense of Belonging
d. Loss of Self-esteem
e. Loss related to Self-actualization
3. The Grieving Process: Theories of Grieving
a. Kubler-Ross
b. John Bowlby
c. George Engel
d. Mardi Horowitz
4. Types of Grieving
a. Uncomplicated Grieving
i. Abbreviated Grieving
ii. Anticipatory Grieving
b. Traumatic Grieving
c. Complicated Grieving
i. Chronic Grief
ii. Inhibited Grief
iii. Delayed Grief
Grief, Anger, and Crisis NDMU NURSING DEPARTMENT

iv. Exaggerated Grief

d. Disenfranchised Grieving
5. Dimensions of Grieving
a. Cognitive Responses
b. Emotional Responses
c. Spiritual Responses
d. Behavioral Responses
e. Physiologic Responses
6. Cultural Considerations
7. Application of the Nursing Process
C. Anger, Hostility, and Aggression
1. Overview
a. Anger
b. Hostility
c. Aggression
2. Anger Expression
a. Anger Suppression
b. Unhealthy Outward Expression
c. Constructive Anger Discussion
2. Etiology
a. Neurobiologic Causes
b. Psychosocial Causes
i. Psychonalytic
ii. Behavioral
iii. Social Learning
iv. General Aggression Model
Grief, Anger, and Crisis NDMU NURSING DEPARTMENT

4. Cultural Considerations
5. Application of the Nursing Process
D. Crisis
1. Characteristics of Crisis
2. Types of Crisis
a. Maturational Crisis
b. Situational Crisis
c. Adventitious Crisis
3. Phases of Crisis Development
a. Normal Stress and Anxiety Level
b. Rising Anxiety Level
c. Severe Stress and Anxiety Level
d. Crisis
4. Crisis Intervention
a. Directive Management
b. Supportive Management