MCQ’S

1. Among the following options, identify the one which is not a type of machine learning:
a) Supervised learning
b) Unsupervised learning
c) Reinforcement learning
d) Algorithmic optimization

2. What is the application of machine learning methods to a large database called?

a) Data processing
b) Data manipulation
c) Data mining
d) Data analysis

3. Identify the type of learning in which labeled training data is used:

a) Unsupervised learning
b) Reinforcement learning
c) Semi-supervised learning
d) Supervised learning

4. Machine learning is a subset of which of the following?

a) Artificial intelligence
b) Data science
c) Computer programming
d) Statistical analysis

5. What is the primary objective of machine learning?

a) To memorize data
b) To enable computers to learn from data
c) To perform computations quickly
d) To follow predefined rules

6. What is the purpose of the "training set" in machine learning?

a) To test the performance of the model
b) To fine-tune hyperparameters
c) To validate the model's predictions
d) To train the model's parameters

7. Which evaluation metric is most commonly used for classification problems?

a) Mean Squared Error (MSE)
b) Accuracy
 c) Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)
d) Mean Absolute Error (MAE)
8. What is the fundamental unit of communication in machine language?
a) Bytecode
b) Assembly code
c) Bit
d) High-level language

9. In regression analysis, the variable that is being predicted is:

a) Dependent variable
b) Independent variable
c) Explanatory variable
d) Response variable

10. In the regression equation y = wx + b, the variable "w" represents:

a) The slope of the line
b) The intercept of the line
c) The dependent variable
d) The error terms

11. In binary logistic regression:

a) The dependent variable is continuous.
b) The dependent variable is divided into two equal subcategories.
c) The dependent variable consists of two categories.
d) There is no dependent variable.

12. The range in logistic regression is:

a) Between -∞ and +∞
b) Between 0 and 1
c) Between 1 and 100
d) Between 0 and ∞

13. What is the sigmoid function?

a) A function used for clustering
b) A function used for regression
c) A function used for classification
d) A function used for dimensionality reduction

14. Which of the following is an example of a classification problem?

 a) Predicting house prices based on square footage
b) Identifying spam emails
c) Estimating the time until the next earthquake
d) Forecasting stock prices

15. What is the mathematical expression for the cost function in linear regression?
a) J(θ) = ∑(y - ŷ)²
b) J(θ) = ∑|y - ŷ|
c) J(θ) = ∑(y - ŷ)³
d) J(θ) = ∑|y - ŷ|²

16. Which of the following algorithms is commonly used for binary classification tasks?
a) multiple regression
b) Linear regression.
c) Logistic regression.
d) Decision tree
17. What is the typical ratio of data split between training and test sets?
a) 50% training, 50% test
b) 70% training, 30% test
c) 80% training, 20% test
d) 90% training, 10% test
18. What is the main output of a logistic regression model?
a) Coefficients
b) Slope
c) Intercept
d) Probability or odds of the event happening
19. In machine language, what does the instruction set represent?
a) The physical components of a computer system
b) The programming languages used for high-level tasks
c) The set of operations a processor can perform
d) The memory allocation techniques used by the operating system

20. In simple linear regression, what does the regression line represent?
a) The line that best fits the data points in the scatter plot
b) The average of the predictor variable
c) The line of symmetry for the data points
d) The line that connects the maximum and minimum data points

21. Which technique is used to train a logistic regression model?

a) Maximum likelihood estimation
b) Gradient descent
 c) K-nearest neighbors
d) Principal component analysis

22. In simple linear regression, what is the relationship between the independent and
dependent variables?
a) Linear
b) Non-linear
c) Random
d) Inverse

23. What is the purpose of regularization techniques in regression models?

a) To increase model complexity
b) To reduce bias
c) To reduce overfitting
d) To minimize the number of features
24. What is the primary drawback of using too many features in a machine learning model?
a) Increased computational complexity
b) Decreased model flexibility
c) Improved model performance
d) Reduced risk of overfitting
25. Which algorithm is commonly used for simple linear regression?
a) K-nearest neighbors (KNN)
b) Support Vector Machines (SVM)
c) Ordinary Least Squares (OLS)
d) Decision Trees
26. What is the purpose of the cost function in linear regression?
a) To measure the accuracy of the model
b) To minimize the error between the predicted and actual values
c) To optimize the parameters of the model
d) All of the above

27. Which algorithm is commonly used to optimize the parameters (coefficients) in logistic
regression?
a) Gradient Descent
b) K-means clustering
c) Decision trees
d) Support Vector Machines (SVM)

28. Which of the approach can be used for addressing the overfitting:
a) Collect more data
b) Improve the feature selection
 c) Reduce the size of parameters
d) All of above

29- Which of the following algorithms is commonly used for binary classification tasks?

a) Multiple regression

b) Linear regression.

c) Logistic regression.

d) Decision tree

30-What is the primary goal when trying to strike a balance between underfitting and overfitting
in machine learning?

a) To minimize the training error.

b) To maximize the testing error.

c) To minimize both the training and testing errors simultaneously.

d) To ensure the model generalizes well to unseen data.

31- Which of the following statements is true regarding overfitting?

a) Overfitting occurs when the model is too simple to capture the underlying patterns in
the data.

b) Overfitting occurs when the model performs well on unseen data but poorly on the
training data.

c) Overfitting occurs when the model is too complex and captures noise in the
training data.

d) Overfitting occurs when the model has high bias and low variance.

32- What is underfitting in machine learning?

a) The model performs well on the training data but poorly on unseen data.

b) The model is too complex and captures noise in the training data.

c) The model has high bias and low variance.

d) The model is too simple to capture the underlying patterns in the data.