Lesson 1: Introduction to Digital Library
and for Space Saving.
Concept of Digital Library. The digital library is most
recent term being used for the library without books,
libraries having information in electronic format and
providing access in the digital formats.
- According to LESK
A collection of information that is both digitized and
organized and which offers a capability beyond those
of traditional library.
- According to GRIFFEN
An organized collection of multimedia data with the
information management methods that represent
the data as useful information and knowledge to
people in a variety of social and organizational
contexts.
Meaning of Digital Libraries
Digital library are those libraries which are fully
automated and all resources are in digital form and
the access to the information available is provided to
a remote user as well as conventional use
electronically.
Key Components
• Geographically Distributed Digital
Information Collection
• Geographically Distributed Users.
• Information Represented by a Variety of
Digital Objects.
• Large and Diverse Collections.
• Seamless Access.
Characteristics of Digital Libraries
• The storage of information in digital form.
• Usage of communications networks to
access and obtain information.
• Copying either by downloading or online /
offline printing form master file.
Objectives
• To capture, Store, Manipulate, and
Distribute Information.
• To have Large Number of Databases in CDs.
• To Provide Facility for Networking and
Resources Sharing.
• To Access Machine Readable National and
International journals
• To Digitize the Documents for Preservation
Function of Digital Libraries
• Provide Access to a very large information
collection.
• Support Multimedia Content.
• Network Accessible
• Provide User-friendly interface.
• Unique Referencing of Digital Objects.
• Support Advance Search and Retrieval.
• Information is Available for every Long Time.
Advantages of Digital Libraries
• No Physical Boundary.
• Round the Clock Availability.
• Multiple Accesses.
• Information Retrieval.
• Saving the Space.
• To provide Facility for Downloading and
Printing.
• Providing Universal Accessibility.
• Cost
• Network.
Digital Libraries and Five Laws of Library Science
• Books are for Use.
• Every Reader his/her Book.
• Every Book its Reader.
• Save the Time of the User.
• Library is a Growing Organism.
Factors Responsible for Emergence of Digital
Libraries
• Well-informed and Computer Literate User.
• Lack of User Concerned Material.
• Lack of Appropriate Library Budget.
• To Provide Access to Resources.
Problem Associated with Digital Libraries
• Information Accuracy.
• Compatibility of Hardwares / Software.
• Shelf Life.
• Other Issues.
Lesson 2: Metadata Sources
Metadata. Often described as data about data, is
critical to all forms of organized digital content.
Structured Information
• Is information that is analyzed.
• Highly-organized and readily accessible
through structured query language or other
forms of search.
Unstructured Information
• Unstructured information is more difficult to
define, and at most organizations, far more
common than structured data assets.
Metadata. is generally taken to be structured
information about a particular information resource.
Information is “structured” if it can be meaningfully
manipulated without understanding its content.
Why do we need structure?
1. Structure is really there
2. Structure provides a way to name things
The role of metadata in your digital library can be
clarified by considering such questions as:
Where does your metadata come from? Is it
automatically extracted from digital objects, manually
assigned, or imported from an external source?
How will the metadata affect document display,
browsing, searching, and maintenance of the digital
library?
Does the metadata need any extra processing before
use? For example, do different versions of people’s
names need to be harmonized?
Is the metadata in your digital library affected by the
activities of the end-users?
Is the metadata in your digital library affected by the
activities of the end-users?
Can you migrate your metadata to another software
application?
Metadata Characteristics:
Among the main characteristics of metadata are the
following:
1. They are highly structured packages of
information that explain the content, quality
and characteristics of the data on the
website.
2. They are precise and in many cases short and
made up of simple words.
3. They offer access points to the information
on the website.
4. They encode the description of the website.
Gradually, physical descriptions grew very complex
and very large, as illustrated by the card catalogs of
the 20th century.
Functions of different types of metadata
Preservation resources, metadata such for describing
as recording preservation actions;
Administrative metadata for managing resources,
such as rights information;
Descriptive metadata for describing resources;
Preservation resources, metadata such for describing
as recording preservation actions;
Technical metadata related to low-level system
information, such as data formats and any data
compression used;
Bibliographic Metadata
Working with digital libraries needs to know about
the different standard methods for representing
document metadata. Much of the work on metadata
in digital libraries is based on practices that have been
adopted in library cataloging, particularly the MARC
format libraries (machine-readable cataloging) that
has been used by internationally for decades.
MARC
[The MARC standard] forever changed the
relationship of a library to its users, and the
relationship of geography to information. Henriette
Avram (1960).
MARC is a comprehensive and detailed standard
whose use is carefully controlled and transmitted to
budding librarians in library science courses.
Managing metadata with software tools has a long
history in libraries, mostly deriving from the necessity
to move from card catalogs to computer-based
records.
The core work was the development of the MARC
standard in the late 1960s by Henriette Avram at the
Library of Congress.
Once metadata was expressed in computer-based
MARC records, it could be copied, distributed, and
shared among libraries.
Lesson 3.1: E-Resources
Purpose of E-resources
• Main purpose of electronic resources is
providing current information.
• Up Date information is necessary for
research work.
• Through electronic resources users are able
to access latest information.
• Save time of user and staff.
• Solve the space problem in library.
• Easy to use and disseminate.
Need of Electronic Resources
Electronic resources have great potential and bright
future attract users. It combines all the benefits of the
multimedia, digital coding and Internet. It enable user
to carry everywhere and can be read on all types of
computers including handled device.
• E-Resources can be downloaded instantly.
• Users can read an e-resource any time
• Due to portability, e-resources can be taken
any where on portable computer.
• Font size can be changed suitability;
• E-resources provide facility to hold and turn
pages easily.
• Physically disabled users can hear audible E-
resources.
• In buying E-resources, the overhead charges
like shipping, postal, handling are totally
ruled out.
• Some E-resources are interactive E-
Resources have background music and
animations.
• E-resources do not require bindery and
repair.
• E-resources save human resources for
shelving and rectification.
• User can not misplace e-books
Type of E-Resources
• E-Books
• E-Journals
• E-Zine
• E-Thesis and Dissertation (ETD)
• E-News Papers
• E-Reference books
• CD-ROMs
• Data bases
E-Books
E-book is a portable hard ware and software book as
a portable hardware and software system, that can
display a large quantity of readable textuaI
information to the user. An e-book is commonly
bundled by a publisher for distribution.
E-Journals
• An E-journal is processed published and
distributed all over the world by electronic
network.
• E- Journals started with the full text
databases offered by Dialog in 1980's.
• Linking citations and references to
bibliographic database or to full- text articles
make it utility more.
Major electronic journal publishers are following:-
• JSTOR
• Blackwell Publishers
 • Springer Verlag & Kluwer
• American Chemical society etc.
E-Zine
E-Zine means electronic magazine and it is also called
web-Zine. The articles that are stored of a file server
may be distributed or accessed via a computer
network. Some examples of e-zine are:
• www.indiatoday.com
• www.musicindia.com etc.
E-Thesis and dissertations (ETD)
• An ETD is an electronic document that
explains the intellectual works or research of
a researcher.
• ETD is provides a technologically advanced
medium for expressing ideas with less
expensive, small space, easy handling, high
longetivity and never collect dust.
Example:-
• www.unesco.orb/webworldtd/contribution.
html
• http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses
• www.geocites.com
• www.more.edu.sg
Electronic News Papers
Like ETD, an electronic newspaper is a self-contained,
reusable, and refreshable version of a traditional
news paper that acquires and holds all information in
the news paper electronically.
E-Reference books
Many reference book are also brought out in CD-ROM
formats and available online through payment. There
are a number of reference sources available freely on-
line through Internet.
• http://www.britanica.com/
• http://dictionary.cambridge.org/
CD-ROM
• A compact disk- read only memory is one of
a series of devices.
• It is use for store large amount of structured
data, bibliographic information full text
information and images etc.
• The In combination with Web server the
network operating system also enable
launching of co, applications from Web
browsers, by clicking on. hypertext links on a
HTML page.
Data Bases
Database is computerized record keeping system. The
important thing is that a database allows storing data
and getting 'it or modifying. There are to type of
databases –
• Analytical Databases
• Operational Databases
Analytical Databases
Analytical Databases are primarily static, read only
databases, which store archived, historical data used
for analysis. Web pages are generated dynamically
search parameters.
Operational Databases
Operational databases allow to modify that data.
These types of data bases are usually used to track
real-time information.
Lesson 3.2: Multimedia Resources
Features of E-resources
• Text can be searched, except when
represented in the form of images;
• Hundreds or thousands may be carried
together, on one device. Approximately 500
average e-books can be stored on one CD;
• Type size and type face may be adjusted
• E- Resources can be used with text-to-
speech software;
• Distributed at low cost;
• Distributed instantly, allowing readers to
begin reading at once, without the need to
visit a bookstore.
• No risk of damage, vandalism, etc. on the
pages.
Structure of E-Resources
• HTML Format
• PDF Format
• TIFF
• Plucker Format
• CHM Format
• PostScript Format
• Desktop Author Format
• Rich Text Format etc.
HTML Format
HTML is the Hyper Text Mark Up Language used for
most web pages. E-books using HTML can be read
using a standard browser like Microsoft Internet
Explorer etc., with no need for special equipment.
These files can be in ASCII format or in Unicode
format.
Portable Document Format
Published as a .PDF. A file format create by Adobe
Systems, initially to provide a standard form for
storing and editing printed publishable documents.
Because documents in .pdf format can easily be seen
and printed by users on a variety of computer and
platform types, they are very common on the World
Wide Web.
• PDF files designed for printing on standard
paper size are hard to view on screens with
limited size or resolution.
• PDF files typically contain product manuals,
brochures, magazine articles, or flyers as
they can embed fonts, images, and other
documents.
• A PDF file contains one or more page images,
each of which can zoom in or out.
• Acrobat PDF files are optimized for the Web
by rendering text before graphic images and
hypertext links.
TIFF
Tagged Image File Format:-
TIFF is a file format for storing images,
including photographs and line art. TIFF format is
widely supported by image-manipulation
applications, by scanning, faxing, word processing,
optical character recognition and other applications.
Plucker Format
Plucker is a free e-resources reader application with
its own associatedfile format and software to
automatically generate Plucker files from HTML files,
web sites.
CHM Format
• It also known as Microsoft Compressed
HTML.
• CHM format is proprietary format based
HTML.
• Multiple pages and embedded graphics are
distributed along with proprietary metadata
as a single compressed file.
PostScript Format
Post Script is a page description language used
primarily in the electronic and desktop publishing
areas for describing the contents of a printed page in
higher level.
Desktop Author Format
• Published as a .DNL. Desktop Author is an
electronic publishing suite that allows
creation of digital web books with virtual
turning pages.
• Digital web resources of any publication type
can be written in the is format, including
brochures, e-books, digital photo albums, e-
cards, digital diaries, online resumes,
quizzes, exams, tests, forms and surveys.
Rich Text Format
The Rich Text Format (RTF) is a document file format
developed by Microsoft in 1987 for cross-platform,
document. Most word processors are able to read
and write RTF documents.
How to access resources
• Single point of access - where the e -
resource is available at dedicated terminals
in one of the University Libraries;
• Local networked access - where thee-
resource may be accessed from networked
terminals throughout the University,
 including those in the Libraries and Open
Access Computing Centers;
• Internet-based access – Where the e-
resources may be accessed from networked
terminals throughout the University, with an
increasing number being also available off-
campus.
Control Access
Username and password – Access to some e-
resources is controlled by username and password.
• This facilitates usage analysis, minimize
unauthorized access and ensures
compliance with license agreements.
• All e-resources that are available off-campus
are controlled in this way.
• Details of usernames and passwords can be
obtained from any Library Enquiry Desk.
Rules for access Electronic Resources
• The e-Resources are licensed for the non-
profit educational use of the Institute.
• Copyright law governs use of these e-
Resources.
• Access to e-Resources is biased on license
agreements with publishers.
Doing the following things are strictly prohibited:-
• Systematic downloading, distributing, or
retaining substantial portions.
• Forwarding electronic versions of articles or
the use of electronic articles for commercial
purposes.
• Strictly prohibited to download entire
journal issue or databases or an entire e-
book.
• Library users are permitted to make digital
copies of individual documents, that is, to
temporarily to their own hard disc for non-
commercial purposes only.
• Under the terms of use it neither permits
forwarding electronic versions of articles nor
the use of electronic articles for commercial
purposes.
• Publishers keep track of patterns of use and
where the publishers suspect misuse in the
form of systematic downloading (eg. more
than one article from an issue, continuous
downloading from a particular journal etc.)
Copyright issue about E-resources
• The Internet IS NOT the public domain.
However, if we make a copy and put it on our
personal WWW site, it less likely to be
considered fair use.
• If we make a copy from an electronic source,
such as the Internet of WWW, for our
personal use, it is likely to be seen as fair use.
There are both un-copyrighted and
copyrighted materials available. Assume a
work is copyrighted.
• Motion Media – Up to 10% or 3 minutes,
whichever is less, in the aggregate of a
copyrighted motion media work may be
reproduced.
• Text Material – Up to 10%, whichever is less,
in the aggregate of a copyrighted work
consisting of text material may be
reproduced or otherwise incorporated as
part of a multimedia project.
• Illustrations and Photographs - When using
photographs and illustrations from a
published collective work, not more than
10% or 15 images.
• Music, Lyrics, and Music Video :- Up to 10%,
but in no event more than 30 seconds, of the
music and lyrics from an individual musical
work.
• World Wide Web :- Up to 10%, but in no
event more than 30 seconds, of the music
and lyrics from an individual musical work.
Lesson 4: Multimedia
Multimedia
• Multimedia is media and content that uses a
combination of different content forms.
• The term is used in contrast to media which
only use traditional forms of printed or hand-
produced material.
• Multimedia includes a combination of;
o Text
o Audio
o Still images
o Animation video
o Interactivity content forms.
History
• The term “MULTIMEDIA” was first used by
BOB GOLDSTEIN in July 1996 to promote
opening of light works.
• In 1970s the term was used to describe
presentations consisting of multi-projector
slide shows timed to an audio track.
• In 1990s ‘multimedia’ took on its current
meaning.
• TAY VAUGHAN declared “Multimedia as
combination of text, graphic art, sound,
animation, and video that is delivered by
computer.
• Computers marketed in 1990s were referred
to as “MULTIMEDIA COMPUTERS” because
they contained a CD-ROM drive.
Characteristics
• Multimedia presentations can be viewed in
person on stage projected, transmitted, or
played locally with a media player.
• Broadcasts and recordings can be either
analog or digital electronic media
technology.
• The various formats of technological or
digital multimedia may be intended to
enhance the users' experience.
• Online multimedia is increasingly becoming
object-oriented and data-driven, enabling
applications with collaborative end-user
innovation and personalization on multiple
forms of content overtime.
Types of Multimedia
• Multimedia format include
o Audio
o Capture on Tape
o Function of Photography
o Sideshows
• The following extensions commonly used to
lay up multimedia documentation:
o MOV
o MP4
o 3GP
o VOB
o FLV.
• Files with augmentation MOV are used to lay
up capture on film and song in order.
• MP4 is fundamentally identical to MOV
format and lone differs by provided that
roughly added metadata.
• MP4 put on record augmentation is
supported by multiple applications with
Apple ITunes, Xbox 360.
• MPEG is a align of compressions methods
designed for audio and visual data.
• 3GP on PC may perhaps be viewed VLC
media player, RealPlayer, QuickTime, GOM
Player and Media Player Classic.
• File Extension VOB (Video Object) is
commonly locate such documents in DVD-
Video media.
• File Extension FLV ls used to deposit
Macromedia Flash Player collection. It can
assign vector graphics, spill videocassette,
audio and text.
Features of Multimedia
• Text
o Text is the most widely used and
flexible means of presenting
information on screen and
conveying ideas.
o Text is an essential aspect of
presenting the information.
o Like each element of the
multimedia design, effective use of
text can either direct users/readers
attention or divert it.
• Audio
o Audio refers to sound Multimedia
can contain sounds.
o Audio songs also come under the
heading multimedia.
o Multimedia presentations often
have some audio tracks which
makes it easier for people to
understand.
o Multimedia phones have music
players to run audio music.
o Various audio software include VLC
media player, real player etc.
• Pictures
o Pictures(images) is a two-
dimensional screen display, and· as
well as a three-dimensional, such as
a statue or hologram.
 o Graphs, pie-charts, painting etc. all
come under images.
o Images are a very useful feature of
multimedia. Multimedia
presentation uses pictures or clip-
art to make people understand.
o Various file formats of images are
.jpg, .png, .gif etc.
• Video
o A video is unedited material as it
had been originally filmed
by movie camera or recorded by a
video camera.
o The embedding of video in
multimedia applications is a
powerful way to convey
information which can incorporate
a personal element which other
media lack.
o Video enhances, dramatizes, and
gives impact to your multimedia
application.
o The advantage of integrating video
into a multimedia presentation is
the capacity to effectively convey a
great deal of information in the
least amount of time.
• Animation
o Animation is the rapid display of a
sequence of images of 2-D or 3-D
artwork or model positions in order
to create an illusion of movement.
o The effect is an optical illusion of
motion due to the phenomenon of
persistence of vision.
o Animation adds visual impact to the
multimedia project.
o Animation are used in cartoons,
scientific visualization.
• Interactivity
o Interactivity can be termed as the
dialog that occurs between an
individual and a computer program.
o Interactive multimedia refers to the
multimedia applications that allow
users to actively participate rather
than being passive recipients of
information.
o Technologies such as DVDs and
digital TV are classic examples of
interactive media devices, where a
user can control what they watch
and when.
o Interactivity also relates to new
media art technologies where
humans and animals are able to
interact with and change the course
of an artwork.
Multimedia Today
• Multimedia and its related applications have
almost become synonymous with modern
technology; given the kind of explosion the
technological realm has seem.
• Multimedia makes our life easier several
times fold. It is through multimedia that
mobile phones can be used for a number of
purposes.
• With the introduction of newer generation
of mobile phones and more advanced
communication protocols the number of
multimedia uses that your phone can be put
to keeps growing.
• Video conferencing which enables people
across global borders to communicate with
each other in real time is an excellent
example of how multimedia has benefited
the world of communications and telephony.
Future of Multimedia
Scope of Multimedia
• The technology of multimedia design utilizes
various features like animation, video,
graphics, audio and sound to impress the
users.
• Multimedia technology is used for 3D
cinema applications and mobile 3DTV
environments.
• Animation is also being used in titling films,
creating special effects or in web
entertainment programs. Thus scope of
animation is huge in context to market.
• In the field of education multimedia is being
used extensively especially for online
courses and trainings.
• Multimedia is also used in advertising
purposes.
Advantages
• Multimedia enhances the effect of text
presentations.
• Improves the quality of presentation and
retains the attention of audience.
• It can be used for educational as well as
entertainment purpose.
• It is quick and easier to operate for the
instructor.
• Multimedia presentations can be modified
very easily.
• Multimedia is Entertaining as Well as
Educational.
Disadvantages
• Non-interactive - if one-way, no feedback.
• Complex to create.
• Time consuming.
• Use of multimedia is expensive.
• Multimedia for software interfaces are often
done as a collaboration between creative
professionals and software engineers.
Conclusion
• Design could benefit tremendously from
open and collaborative multimedia research.
• Multimedia and graphics can be a very
effective tool to communicate, educate,
compel, and convince you and/or your
audience.
• Multimedia can help to gain and hold
attention, make points clearer, stimulate
discussion, and in general, enhance the
learning process, if it also includes the
appropriate human elements.

Commercial

• Much of the electronic old and new media

used by commercial artists is multimedia.
• Exciting presentations are used to grab and
Keep attention in advertising.

Entertainment and Fine Arts

• Multimedia is heavily used in the

entertainment industry, especially to
develop special effects in movies and
animation.
• Multimedia games are also very popular.

Education

• Multimedia is used to produce computer-

based training courses.
• Edutainment is an informal term used to
describe combining education with
entertainment, especially multimedia
entertainment.

Engineering

• Software engineers may use multimedia in

Computer Simulations.