AS Level Latin H043/01 Language Defined

Vocabulary List

AS Level Latin – H043/01 Language – Defined Vocabulary

List

This vocabulary list is required for AS Level Latin – H043/01 Language.

In addition to the words printed in the list, candidates will be expected to be familiar with the following forms:
• all regular adverbs formed from the listed adjectives;
• comparative and superlative forms of all listed adjectives and corresponding adverbs;
• commonly occurring proper nouns of obvious formation (e.g. Romani , Britannia );
• cardinal and ordinal numbers as listed in the Accidence and Syntax in Appendix 5e of the OCR Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary
GCE in Latin specification.
• compound verbs where the prefix does not change the root meaning (thuscircumvenio would not be glossed, but circumdo , I
surround, would);
• compound verbs of regular formation using all the common prefixes, including associated consonant and vowel changes,
and where the prefix retains its normal meaning;
• prefixes: in addition to prefixes which retain their normal prepositional meaning, candidates should be familiar with the
following usages:
a, ab- = 'away', e.g. abeo, I go away
con- = 'together', e.g. confero, I bring together, collect
de- = ‘down’, e.g. desilio, I jump down
ex- = ‘out’, e.g. exeo, I go out
in- = 'not', e.g. infelix, unlucky
per- = 'thoroughly, very', e.g.
persaepe, very often pro- =
forward(s), e.g. promoveo, I move
forward re- = 'back, again', e.g.
remitto, I send back.
Teachers must check the Accidence and Syntax in Appendix 5e of the OCR Level 3 Advanced Subsidiary GCE in Latin
specification. Any vocabulary listed in this Appendix must be known (e.g. cardinal and ordinal numbers).

All other words in an unseen will be glossed, unless they have obvious English derivatives (e.g. densus, theatrum).
Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)
a, ab + abl prep from, by
absum abesse, afui verb irreg be absent, be away, be distant
ac, atque indeclinable conjunction and
accido accidere, accidi verb 3 happen
accipio accipere, accepi, acceptus verb 3 accept, take in, receive, hear
acer acris, acre adj keen, sharp, fierce
acies aciei, f noun 5 line, battle line, army
ad + acc prep to, towards, at, about, near
addo addere, addidi, additus verb 3 add, join
adeo indeclinable adverb so much, so greatly, to such an extent
adhuc indeclinable adverb till now, still
adimo adimere, ademi, ademptus verb 3 take away, remove
adipiscor adipisci, adeptus sum verb 3 dep obtain
adiuvo adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutus verb 1 help
adsum adesse, adfui verb irreg be here, be present
adulescens adulescentis, m noun 3 youth, young man
advenio advenire, adveni verb 4 arrive
adversus + acc prep against, towards
adversus adverb against, opposite
aedificium aedificii, n noun 2 building
aedifico aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus verb 1 build
aequus aequa, aequum adj equal, fair, favourable, calm
ager agri, m noun 2 field, land, territory
aggredior aggredi, aggressus sum verb 3 dep attack, approach
agmen agminis, n noun 3 column of men, army
ago agere, egi, actus verb 3 do, act, drive
gratias ago verb phrase thank, give thanks
aliquis aliquid pron someone, something, anyone, anything
alius alia, aliud pron and adj other, one, another, else
alii ... alii pron some ... others
alter altera, alterum pron and adj the other, one (of two), another, a second
altus alta, altum adj high, deep
ambulo ambulare, ambulavi verb 1 walk
amica amicae f noun 1 girl-friend, female friend
amicus amici m noun 2 friend
amitto amittere, amisi, amissus verb 3 lose
amo amare, amavi, amatus verb 1 love, like
amor amoris, m noun 3 love
an indeclinable conjunction or
ancilla ancillae, f noun 1 slave-girl, slave-woman
angustus angusta, angustum adj narrow, confined
animadverto animadvertere, animadverti, verb 3 notice, observe
animadversus
animus animi, m noun 2 spirit, soul, mind, courage
annus anni, m noun 2 year
Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)
ante + acc prep before, in front of
antea indeclinable adverb before, previously
antequam indeclinable conjunction before
aperio aperire, aperui, apertus verb 4 open, reveal, disclose
appareo apparere, apparui verb 2 appear
appropinquo appropinquare, appropinquavi + dat verb 1 approach, come near to
apud + acc prep among, at the house of, according to, in the
opinion of
aqua aquae, f noun 1 water
aquila aquilae, f noun 1 eagle, standard
ara arae, f noun 1 altar
arbor arboris, f noun 3 tree
arcesso arcessere, arcessivi, arcessitus verb 3 summon, send for
argentum argenti, n noun 2 silver, money
arma armorum, n pl noun 2 arms, weapons, armour
ars artis, f noun 3 art, skill
ascendo ascendere, ascendi, ascensus verb 3 climb, go up
at indeclinable conjunction but
attonitus attonita, attonitum adj astonished, thunder-struck
audax audacis adj bold, daring
audeo audere, ausus sum verb semi-dep. dare
audio audire, audivi, auditus verb 4 hear, listen to
aufero auferre, abstuli, ablatus verb 3 take away, carry off, steal
augeo augere, auxi, auctus verb 2 increase, exaggerate
aut indeclinable conjunction or, either
autem indeclinable conjunction but, however
auxilium auxilii, n noun 2 help; (pl ) (auxiliary) troops
bellum belli, n noun 2 war
bene indeclinable adverb well
beneficium beneficii, n noun 2 kindness, service, favour
bibo bibere, bibi verb 3 drink
bis indeclinable adverb twice
bona bonorum, n pl noun 2 goods, possessions, property
bonus bona, bonum adj good
brevis breve adj short, brief
cado cadere, cecidi, casus verb 3 fall, perish
caedes caedis, f noun 3 slaughter, killing, murder
caelum caeli, n noun 2 sky, heaven
campus campi, m noun 2 plain, field
canis canis, m and f noun 3 dog
cano canere, cecini, cantus verb 3 sing, sound, play (of trumpets etc.)
capio capere, cepi, captus (in compounds verb 3 take, catch, capture
-icio)
captivus captivi, m noun 2 captive, prisoner
caput capitis, n noun 3 head, person, life, capital
carus cara, carum adj dear
castra castrorum, n pl noun 2 camp
causa causae, f noun 1 cause, reason, case
causa + gen noun 1 for the sake of
caveo cavere, cavi, cautus verb 2 beware (of), take care
cedo cedere, cessi, cessus verb 3 yield, give up; (in compounds) go
celer celeris, celere adj quick
celo celare, celavi, celatus verb 1 hide, conceal
cena cenae, f noun 1 dinner, meal
centurio centurionis, m noun 3 centurion
cerno cernere, crevi, cretus verb 3 see, perceive, decree
certamen certaminis, n noun 3 contest, battle, struggle
certus certa, certum adj certain, sure, fixed
certiorem facere verb phrase inform
ceteri ceterae, cetera adj the rest, the other
cibus cibi, m noun 2 food
cingo cingere, cinxi, cinctus verb 3 surround, enclose, gird
circum, circa + acc prep around, about
civis civis, m and f noun 3 citizen
civitas civitatis, f noun 3 citizenship, state, city, tribe
clades cladis, f noun 3 disaster, loss, defeat
clam indeclinable adverb secretly
clamo clamare, clamavi, clamatus verb 1 shout, exclaim, proclaim
clamor clamoris, m noun 3 shout, uproar, noise
clarus clara, clarum adj clear, famous, distinguished
coepi coepisse, coeptus verb defective began
cogito cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus verb 1 think, consider
cognosco cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus verb 3 get to know, find out, learn
cogo cogere, coegi, coactus verb 3 force, compel, drive, assemble
cohors cohortis, f noun 3 cohort, company

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

colo colere, colui, cultus verb 3 cultivate, worship, honour
comes comitis, m and f noun 3 comrade, companion
committo committere, commisi, commissus verb 3 commit, fight, begin (battle)
comparo comparare, comparavi, verb 1 prepare, provide, obtain, compare
comparatus
condemno condemnare, condemnavi, verb 1 convict, condemn
condemnatus
condo condere, condidi, conditus verb 3 found, establish, hide
confero conferre, contuli, conlatus verb irreg collect, compare, contribute, bestow
conficio conficere, confeci, confectus verb 3 complete, wear out
confido confidere, confisus sum + dat verb semi-dep trust, believe, have confidence (in)
coniunx coniugis, m and f noun 3 husband, wife, spouse
conor conari, conatus sum verb 1 dep try
consilium consilii, n noun 2 council, plan, advice, prudence
consisto consistere, constiti, constitus verb 3 halt, stand, stand firm
conspicio conspicere, conspexi, conspectus verb 3 notice, observe, see
constituo constituere, constitui, constitutus verb 3 decide, establish
consul consulis, m noun 3 consul
consulo consulere, consului, consultus verb 3 consult, consider, advise
consumo consumere, consumpsi, verb 3 eat, consume, spend
consumptus
contendo contendere, contendi, contentus verb 3 hurry, march, contend, fight
contra + acc prep against
copiae copiarum, f pl noun 1 troops, forces, supplies
corpus corporis, n noun 3 body
corripio corripere, corripui, correptus verb 3 seize, carry off
cotidie indeclinable adverb every day, daily
cras indeclinable adverb tomorrow
credo credere, credidi, creditus + dat verb 3 believe, trust, entrust
crimen criminis, n noun 3 accusation, charge, crime
crudelis crudele adj cruel
culpa culpae, f noun 1 fault, blame
cum indeclinable conjunction when, since, although
cum + abl prep with
cunctus cuncta, cunctum adj all, whole
cupidus cupida, cupidum + gen adj eager (for), greedy
cupio cupere, cupivi, cupitus verb 3 desire, wish, want
cur? indeclinable adverb why?
cura curae, f noun 1 care, charge, anxiety
curo curare, curavi, curatus verb 1 care for, cure; with gerundive = get something
done
curro currere, cucurri, cursus verb 3 run
custodio custodire, custodivi, custoditus verb 4 guard
custos custodis, m and f noun 3 guard
de + abl prep about, from, down from
dea deae, f noun 1 goddess
debeo debere, debui, debitus verb 2 owe, ought
decipio decipere, decepi, deceptus verb 3 deceive
defendo defendere, defendi, defensus verb 3 defend
defessus defessa, defessum adj tired
deinde, dein indeclinable adverb then, next, afterwards
deleo delere, delevi, deletus verb 2 destroy
denique indeclinable adverb at last, finally, in short
descendo descendere, descendi, descensus verb 3 descend, come down
desino desinere, desii, desitus verb 3 cease
despero desperare, desperavi, desperatus verb 1 despair
deus dei, m noun 2 god
dexter dextra, dextrum adj right, on the right, right hand
dextra dextrae, f noun 1 right hand, right side
dico dicere, dixi, dictus verb 3 say, speak, tell
dies diei, m, occasionally f noun 5 day
difficilis difficile adj difficult
dignitas dignitatis, f noun 3 rank, dignity, importance, honour
dignus digna, dignum + abl adj worthy (of), deserving (of)
diligens diligentis adj careful, diligent
dimitto dimittere, dimisi, dimissus verb 3 dismiss, scatter
dirus dira, dirum adj dreadful
discedo discedere, discessi verb 3 depart, leave
disco discere, didici verb 3 learn
dissimilis dissimile adj different
diu indeclinable adverb for a long time
dives divitis adj rich
divitiae divitiarum, f pl noun 1 riches, wealth
divido dividere, divisi, divisus verb 3 divide, separate
do dare, dedi, datus verb 1 give
doceo docere, docui, doctus verb 2 teach, inform
doleo dolere, dolui verb 2 hurt, be in pain, lament

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

dolor doloris, m noun 3 pain, sorrow, anger
dolus doli, m noun 2 trick, fraud
domina dominae, f noun 2 mistress
dominus domini, m noun 2 master
domus domus, f noun 4 house, home
donum doni, n noun 2 gift, present
dormio dormire, dormivi verb 4 sleep
dubito dubitare, dubitavi, dubitatus verb 1 doubt, hesitate
dubius dubia, dubium adj doubtful, wavering, uncertain
duco ducere, duxi, ductus verb 3 lead, take, marry, consider
dum indeclinable conjunction while, until, provided that
durus dura, durum adj hard, harsh, rough
dux ducis, m noun 3 leader, general, ruler
e, ex + abl prep from, out of; (in compounds) out
efficio efficere, effeci, effectus verb 3 carry out, accomplish
effugio effugere, effugi verb 3 escape
egeo egere, egui + gen or abl verb 2 need, be in want of, lack
ego mei pron I, me
egredior egredi, egressus sum verb 3 dep go out, come out
emo emere, emi, emptus verb 3 buy
enim indeclinable conjunction for
eo indeclinable adverb thither
eo ire, i(v)i verb irreg go
epistula epistulae, f noun 1 letter
eques equitis, m noun 3 knight, horseman, (pl) cavalry
equus equi, m noun 2 horse
erga + acc prep towards
ergo indeclinable adverb therefore
erro errare, erravi, erratus verb 1 wander, make a mistake
et indeclinable conjunction and, both
etiam indeclinable adverb also, even, still
etsi indeclinable conjunction although
excipio excipere, excepi, exceptus verb 3 receive, take, welcome
excito excitare, excitavi, excitatus verb 1 wake, rouse, excite
exemplum exempli, n noun 2 example, precedent
exercitus exercitus, m noun 4 army
exilium exilii, n noun 2 exile
exitium exitii, n noun 2 ruin, destruction
exspecto exspectare, exspectavi, verb 1 wait for, expect
exspectatus
extra + acc prep & adverb outside, beyond
facilis facile adj easy
facinus facinoris, n noun 3 crime, outrage, deed
facio facere, feci, factus (in verb 3 make, do
compounds -ficio
fallo fallere, fefelli, falsus verb 3 deceive, cheat
fama famae, f noun 1 rumour, fame, glory
familia familiae, f noun 1 family, household
faveo favere, favi, + dat verb 2 favour, support
felix felicis adj fortunate, happy, prosperous
femina feminae, f noun 1 woman
fere indeclinable adverb nearly, about
fero ferre, tuli, latus verb irreg bear, carry, bring, say
ferox ferocis adj fierce, cruel, brave
ferrum ferri, n noun 2 iron, sword
festino festinare, festinavi verb 1 hurry
fidelis fidele adj trustworthy, faithful, loyal
fides fidei, f noun 5 trust, faith, confidence, loyalty
fido fidere, fisus sum + dat or abl verb 3 semi-dep trust, rely upon
filia filiae, f noun 1 daughter
filius filii, m noun 2 son
finis finis, m noun 3 end, boundary, pl territory
fio fieri, factus sum verb irreg become, be made, happen
flamma flammae, f noun 1 blaze, flame, passion
flumen fluminis, n noun 3 river
foedus foederis, n noun 3 treaty, agreement
fortasse indeclinable adverb perhaps
forte indeclinable adverb by chance
fortis forte adj brave, strong, bold
fortuna fortunae, f noun 1 fate, luck, fortune (good or bad)
forum fori, n noun 2 forum, market place
frango frangere, fregi, fractus verb 3 break, crush
frater fratris, m noun 3 brother
frigus frigoris, n noun 3 cold
frumentum frumenti, n noun 2 corn, grain

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

frustra indeclinable adverb in vain
fuga fugae, f noun 1 flight, escape
fugio fugere, fugi verb 3 flee, run away (from), avoid
fundo fundere, fudi, fusus verb 3 pour, shed, rout
furor furoris, m noun 3 rage, fury, madness, passion
gaudeo gaudere, gavisus sum verb 2 semi-dep rejoice
gaudium gaudii, n noun 2 joy, delight
gens gentis, f noun 3 race, people, family, tribe, nation
genus generis, n noun 3 race, descent, birth, kind
gero gerere, gessi, gestus verb 3 bear, wear, wage war, manage
gladius gladii, m noun 2 sword
gratia gratiae, f noun 1 favour, thanks, esteem
gratias ago verb phrase thank, give thanks
gravis grave adj heavy, serious, painful, important
habeo habere, habui, habitus verb 2 have, hold, consider
habito habitare, habitavi, habitatus verb 1 live, dwell
hasta hastae, f noun 1 spear
haud indeclinable adverb not
heri indeclinable adverb yesterday
hic haec, hoc pron this
hic indeclinable adverb here
hiems hiemis, f noun 3 winter, storm
hinc indeclinable adverb from here, hence, henceforth
hodie indeclinable adverb today
homo hominis, m noun 3 man, person
honor honoris, m noun 3 honour, esteem, glory
hora horae, f noun 1 hour
hortor hortari, hortatus sum verb 1 dep urge, encourage
hortus horti, m noun 2 garden
hospes hospitis, m noun 3 guest, host
hostis hostis, m noun 3 enemy
huc indeclinable adverb here, to this place
humus humi, f noun 2 ground, earth
iaceo iacere, iacui verb 2 lie (down)
iacio iacere, ieci, iactus (in verb 3 throw
compounds -icio)
iam indeclinable adverb now, already
non iam (indeclinable) adverb no longer
ibi indeclinable adverb there, then
idem eadem, idem pron the same
idoneus idonea, idoneum adj suitable, convenient
igitur indeclinable adverb therefore, and so
ignis ignis, m noun 3 fire
ignoro ignorare, ignoravi, ignoratus verb 1 do not know, be ignorant, misunderstand
ille illa, illud pron that, he, she, it
illic indeclinable adverb there
impedio impedire, impedivi, impeditus verb 4 delay, hinder, prevent, hamper
imperator imperatoris, m noun 3 emperor, general, leader
imperium imperii, n noun 2 command, power, empire
impero imperare, imperavi, imperatus verb 1 order, command
+dat
impetus impetus, m noun 4 attack, impulse
in + abl prep in, on
in + acc prep into, onto, against, towards
incendium incendii, n noun 2 fire
incendo incendere, incendi, incensus verb 3 burn, set on fire, inflame, rouse
incipio incipere, incepi, inceptus verb 3 begin
incito incitare, incitavi, incitatus verb 1 urge on, arouse, encourage
inde indeclinable adverb from there, thereupon, next
infero inferre, intuli, illatus/inlatus verb irreg inflict, bring to, cause, carry against
signa inferre verb phrase attack, charge
bellum inferre + dat verb phrase make war on
infra + acc prep & adverb below, beneath
ingenium ingenii, n noun 2 character, ability
ingens ingentis adj huge
ingredior ingredi, ingressus sum verb 3 dep enter, undertake
inimicus inimici, m noun 2 (personal) enemy
iniquus iniqua, iniquum adj unfair, unjust, unfavourable
initium initii, n noun 2 beginning
iniuria iniuriae, f noun 1 injustice, injury, wrong
inopia inopiae, f noun 1 shortage, lack, poverty
inquam inquit, inquiunt verb irreg say
insidiae insidiarum, f pl noun 1 ambush, trap, trick
insignis insigne adj distinguished, glorious
inspicio inspicere, inspexi, inspectus verb 3 look at, inspect, examine

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

instruo instruere, instruxi, instructus verb 3 draw up, prepare, equip, supply
insula insulae, f noun 1 island, block (of apartments)
intellego intellegere, intellexi, intellectus verb 3 understand, perceive, realise
inter + acc prep between, among
interea, interim indeclinable adverb meanwhile, in the meantime
interficio interficere, interfeci, interfectus verb 3 kill
intra + acc prep inside, within
intro intrare, intravi, intratus verb 1 enter
invenio invenire, inveni, inventus verb 4 find, discover
invito invitare, invitavi, invitatus verb 1 invite
invitus invita, invitum adj unwillling, reluctant
ipse ipsa, ipsum pron -self
ira irae, f noun 1 anger
iratus irata, iratum adj angry
is ea, id pron this, that, he, she, it
ita indeclinable adverb in this way, so, thus
ita vero indeclinable adverb yes
itaque indeclinable adverb and so, therefore
iter itineris, n noun 3 journey, march, way
iterum indeclinable adverb again
iubeo iubere, iussi, iussus verb 2 order, command
iudex iudicis, m and f noun 3 judge, juror
iungo iungere, iunxi, iunctus verb 3 join, unite, fasten
iustus iusta, iustum adj right, just, lawful, complete
iuvenis iuvenis m or adj noun & adj young man, young
iuvo iuvare, iuvi, iutus verb 1 help, please
labor labi, lapsus sum verb 3 dep glide, slip, fall
labor laboris, m noun 3 work, toil, trouble
laboro laborare, laboravi verb 1 work, toil, be in difficulty
laedo laedere, laesi, laesus verb 3 hurt, injure, harm
laetus laeta, laetum adj happy, glad
latus lata, latum adj wide, broad
latus lateris, n noun 3 side, wing
laudo laudare, laudavi, laudatus verb 1 praise
laus laudis, f noun 3 praise, honour, credit
legatus legati, m noun 2 (legionary) commander, ambassador, envoy
legio legionis, f noun 3 legion
lego legere, legi, lectus verb 3 read, choose
lentus lenta, lentum adj slow
levis leve adj light, slight
lex legis, f noun 3 law
libens libentis adj willing, glad
liber libera, liberum adj free
liber libri, m noun 2 book
liberi liberorum, m pl noun 2 children
libero liberare, liberavi, liberatus verb 1 set free
libertas libertatis, f noun 3 freedom
libertus liberti, m noun 2 freedman, ex-slave
licet licere, licuit + dat verb impersonal it is allowed
littera litterae, f (usually pl. with sg. noun 1 letter
meaning)
litus litoris, n noun 3 sea-shore, beach
locus loci, m noun 2 place, position, situation, opportunity
longus longa, longum adj long
loquor loqui, locutus sum verb 3 dep speak, talk
lux lucis, f noun 3 light, daylight
magister magistri, m noun 2 teacher, master
magnus magna, magnum adj big, large, great
magnopere indeclinable adverb very much, greatly
magis indeclinable adverb comp more, rather
malo malle, malui verb irreg prefer
malus mala, malum adj evil, bad
mando mandare, mandavi, mandatus verb 1 commit, entrust, command
mane indeclinable adverb in the morning, early
maneo manere, mansi verb 2 remain, stay
manus manus, f noun 4 hand, band
mare maris, n noun 3 sea
maritus mariti, m noun 2 husband
mater matris, f noun 3 mother
medius media, medium adj middle (of)
mens mentis, f noun 3 mind
mensis mensis, m noun 3 month
mercator mercatoris, m noun 3 merchant
metus metus, m noun 4 fear

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

meus mea, meum adj my
miles militis, m noun 3 soldier
minor minari, minatus sum + dat verb 1 dep threaten
mirabilis mirabile adj strange, wonderful
miror mirari, miratus sum verb 1 dep wonder at, admire
miser misera, miserum adj miserable, wretched, sad
mitto mittere, misi, missus verb 3 send, throw, let go
modo indeclinable adverb just now, only
modus modi, m noun 2 manner, way, kind
moenia moenium, n pl noun 3 city walls, city
moneo monere, monui, monitus verb 2 warn, advise, teach
mons montis, m noun 3 mountain
monstro monstrare, monstravi, verb 1 show, point out, indicate, instruct
monstratus
morbus morbi, m noun 2 sickness, disease
morior mori, mortuus sum verb 3 dep die
mors mortis, f noun 3 death
moror morari, moratus sum verb 1 dep delay, linger
mora morae, f noun 1 delay
mos moris, m noun 3 habit, custom, (pl) character, morals
moveo movere, movi, motus verb 2 move
mox indeclinable adverb soon
mulier mulieris, f noun 3 woman
multitudo multitudinis, f noun 3 crowd, multitude
multus multa, multum adj much, many
munio munire, munivi, munitus verb 4 fortify, defend, guard
munus muneris, n noun 3 service, duty, present
murus muri, m noun 2 wall, rampart
muto mutare, mutavi, mutatus verb 1 change, alter
nam indeclinable conjunction for
narro narrare, narravi, narratus verb 1 tell, relate
nascor nasci, natus sum verb 3 dep am born
natura naturae, f noun 1 nature
nauta nautae, m noun 1 sailor
navigo navigare, navigavi verb 1 sail
navis navis, f noun 3 ship
navis longa warship
navis oneraria merchant ship
-ne indeclinable particle (introduces question)
ne indeclinable conjunction lest, that not
nec, neque indeclinable conjunction and not, nor, neither
necesse indeclinable adj necessary
neco necare, necavi, necatus verb 1 kill
neglego neglegere, neglexi, neglectus verb 3 neglect, disregard
nego negare, negavi, negatus verb 1 say no, deny, refuse, say that ...not
negotium negotii, n noun 2 business
nemo nullius noun irreg no one, nobody
nescio nescire, nescivi verb 4 not know
nihil indeclinable noun irreg nothing
nisi indeclinable conjunction unless, if not, except
nobilis nobile adj noble, famous
noceo nocere, nocui + dat verb 2 hurt, harm
nolo nolle, nolui verb irreg not want, be unwilling, refuse
nomen nominis, n noun 3 name
non indeclinable adverb not
nondum indeclinable adverb not yet
nonne? indeclinable adverb surely?
nonnulli nonnullae, nonnulla adj some, several
nos nostrum / nostri pron we, us
noster nostra, nostrum pron our
notus nota, notum adj known, well-known, famous
novi notus (perfect with present verb 3 know
 meaning)
novus nova, novum adj new, fresh, recent
nox noctis, f noun 3 night
noctu by night
nullus nulla, nullum adj no, none, not any
num indeclinable adverb surely…not, whether
numerus numeri, m noun 2 number
numquam indeclinable adverb never
nunc indeclinable adverb now
nuntio nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus verb 1 announce, report
nuntius nuntii, m noun 2 messenger, message, news
ob + acc prep because of, on account of
obliviscor oblivisci, oblitus sum verb 3 dep forget

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

obses obsidis m and f noun 3 hostage
obsideo obsidere, obsedi, obsessus verb 2 besiege, blockade
obviam eo ire, i(v)i + dat verb phrase meet, go to meet, oppose, resist
occasio occasionis, f noun 3 opportunity, occasion
occido occidere, occidi, occisus verb 3 kill
occupo occupare, occupavi, occupatus verb 1 seize, take possession of, occupy
oculus oculi, m noun 2 eye
odi odisse (perfect with present verb irreg hate
meaning)
odium odii, n noun 2 hatred
odio est + dat verb phrase be hated by
offero offerre, obtuli, oblatus verb irreg present, offer
officium officii, n noun 2 duty, task, function
olim indeclinable adverb once, formerly, one day
omitto omittere, omisi, omissus verb 3 neglect, disregard, make no mention of
omnis omne adj all, every
omnino adverb altogether, at all, entirely
onus oneris, n noun 3 burden, load
opera operae, f noun 1 work, effort, attention, trouble
operam do verb phrase I take pains, give attention (to)
oportet oportere, oportuit verb 2 impersonal be necessary, ought, must
oppidum oppidi, n noun 2 town
opprimo opprimere, oppressi, oppressus verb 3 overwhelm, crush, weigh down
oppugno oppugnare, oppugnavi, verb 1 attack
 oppugnatus

(ops) opis, f noun 3 help; (pl) resources, riches

opus operis, n noun 3 work, toil, construction
opus est, esse, fuit + abl verb phrase there is need (of)
(impersonal)
ora orae, f noun 1 coast
oratio orationis, f noun 3 speech
ordo ordinis, m noun 3 rank, order, line
orior oriri, ortus sum verb 4 dep rise, start, originate
orno ornare, ornavi, ornatus verb 1 adorn, decorate, provide, equip
oro orare, oravi, oratus verb 1 beg
os oris, n noun 3 mouth, face
ostendo ostendere, ostendi, ostentus verb 3 show, point out, indicate
otium otii, n noun 2 leisure, idleness, peace
paene indeclinable adverb almost, nearly
palam indeclinable adverb openly
par paris adj equal
parco parcere, peperci + dat verb 3 spare
parens parentis, m and f noun 3 parent; (pl) relations
pareo parere, parui + dat verb 2 obey
pario parere, peperi, partus verb 3 bear (a child), win, acquire, gain, secure
paro parare, paravi, paratus verb 1 prepare, provide
pars partis, f noun 3 part, some, direction
parvus parva, parvum adj small
passim indeclinable adverb in all directions, far and wide, everywhere
passus passus, m noun 4 pace
mille passus (pl milia passuum) mile
pater patris, m noun 3 father
patior pati, passus sum verb 3 dep suffer, endure, allow
patria patriae, f noun 1 homeland, native land
pauci paucae, pauca adj plural few, a few
paulatim indeclinable adverb gradually, little by little
paulisper indeclinable adverb for a short time
paulum, paulo indeclinable adverb a little, somewhat
pauper pauperis adj poor
pax pacis, f noun 3 peace
pecunia pecuniae, f noun 1 money
pedes peditis, m noun 3 infantry
pello pellere, pepuli, pulsus verb 3 push, drive, rout
per + acc prep through, throughout, along
perdo perdere, perdidi, perditus verb 3 destroy, lose
pereo perire, perii verb irreg die, perish, be ruined
perficio perficere, perfeci, perfectus verb 3 bring about, complete, perfect
periculum periculi, n noun 2 danger
peritus perita, peritum + gen or abl adj skilled (in)
permitto permittere, permisi, permissus verb 3 hand over, entrust, permit, allow
persuadeo persuadere, persuasi + dat verb 2 persuade, convince
perterritus perterrita, perterritum adj very frightened, terrified
pervenio pervenire, perveni verb 4 reach, arrive
pes pedis, m noun 3 foot
peto petere, petivi, petitus verb 3 seek, ask for, make for, attack
pilum pili, n noun 2 javelin

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

placet placere, placuit + dat verb 2 impersonal it pleases, suits, it is resolved
plebs plebis, f noun 3 the people, common people
plenus plena, plenum adj full, filled
plerique pleraeque, pleraque adj most, the majority
poena poenae, f noun 1 punishment, penalty
poenas do verb phrase pay the penalty, am punished
polliceor polliceri, pollicitus sum verb 2 dep promise
pono ponere, posui, positus verb 3 put, place, set up (camp)
pons pontis, m noun 3 bridge
populus populi, m noun 2 people, nation
porta portae, f noun 1 gate
porto portare, portavi, portatus verb 1 carry, bear, take
portus portus, m noun 4 harbour, port
posco poscere, poposci verb 3 demand, ask for
possum posse, potui verb irreg can, be able
post + acc prep behind, after
post indeclinable adverb afterwards, next
postea indeclinable adverb afterwards, then
postquam indeclinable conjunction after, when
postremus postrema, postremum adj last
postridie indeclinable adverb on the next day
postulo postulare, postulavi, verb 1 demand, ask
 postulatus
potens potentis adj powerful
potestas potestatis, f noun 3 power, authority, opportunity
potior potiri, potitus sum + gen or verb 4 seize, get possession of
abl
potius indeclinable adverb rather, more
praebeo praebere, praebui, praebitus verb 2 provide, give, show, offer
praeda praedae, f noun 1 booty, plunder
praemium praemii, n noun 2 prize, reward
praeficio praeficere, praefeci, verb 3 put in charge (of)
praefectus
praesidium praesidii, n noun 2 protection, garrison, fortification
praesum praeesse, praefui + dat verb irreg be in charge of
praeter + acc prep beyond, except, besides
praeterea indeclinable adverb besides, moreover, in addition
praetor praetoris, m noun 3 praetor (acted as judge or governor)
precor precari, precatus sum verb 1 dep pray, pray to, beg
pretium pretii, n noun 2 price, value
primus prima, primum adj first, chief
princeps principis, m noun 3 emperor, chief, chieftain
prior prioris adj previous, former
prius indeclinable adverb before, previously
priusquam indeclinable conjunction before, until
pro + abl prep in front of, for, on behalf of, in return for
procedo procedere, processi verb 3 advance, proceed
procul indeclinable adverb far away, distant
prodo prodere, prodidi, proditus verb 3 betray, surrender
proelium proelii, n noun 2 battle
proficiscor proficisci, profectus sum verb 3 dep set out, depart
progredior progredi, progressus sum verb 3 dep advance, proceed
promitto promittere, promisi, promissus verb 3 promise
prope + acc prep near
propter + acc prep on account of, because of
provincia provinciae, f noun 1 province
proximus proxima, proximum adj nearest, next, last
publicus publica, publicum adj public, common
pudor pudoris, m noun 3 shame, modesty, honour, disgrace
puella puellae, f noun 1 girl
puer pueri, m noun 2 boy
pugna pugnae, f noun 1 fight, battle
pugno pugnare, pugnavi verb 1 fight
punio punire, punivi, punitus verb 4 punish
puto putare, putavi, putatus verb 1 think, consider, reckon
quaero quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus verb 3 search for, ask for, ask, inquire
qualis? quale adj what sort of?
quam indeclinable adverb how, than, as
quam + superlative as ... as possible
quamquam indeclinable conjunction although
quando? indeclinable adverb when?
quantus? quanta, quantum adj how big? how much?
quasi indeclinable adverb as if, just as, nearly
-que indeclinable conjunction and
queror queri, questus sum verb 3 dep complain
qui quae, quod pron who, which, that

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

quia indeclinable conjunction because
quidam quaedam, quoddam pron one, a certain, some
quidem indeclinable adverb indeed, in fact, however
ne ... quidem indeclinable adverb not ... even
quies quietis, f noun 3 rest, peace, quiet
quis? quid pron who? what? any
quisquam quicquam pron anyone, anything
quisque quaeque, quidque pron each, each one, every
quisquis quicquid pron whoever, whatever
quo? indeclinable adverb where to?
quoad indeclinable conjunction as long as, until
quod indeclinable conjunction because, (as to) the fact that
quod si conjunction but if
quomodo? indeclinable adverb how? in what way?
quoniam indeclinable conjunction since
quoque indeclinable conjunction also, too
quot? indeclinable adj how many?
quotiens? indeclinable adverb how often? as often as
rapio rapere, rapui, raptus verb 3 seize, grab, carry off, plunder
ratio rationis, f noun 3 account, reckoning, manner, reason
recens recentis adj recent, fresh
recipio recipere, recepi, receptus verb 3 regain, receive, welcome
me recipio verb phrase retreat, withdraw
recito recitare, recitavi, recitatus verb 1 recite, read aloud
rectus recta, rectum adj straight, direct, right, proper
reddo reddere, reddidi, redditus verb 3 give back, restore, hand over, make
redeo redire, redii verb irreg return, go back, come back
refero referre, rettuli, relatus verb irreg bring back, report, refer
pedem/me refero verb phrase retreat
reficio reficere, refeci, refectus verb 3 repair, restore, refresh
regina reginae, f noun 1 queen
regnum regni, n noun 2 kingdom, reign, rule
rego regere, rexi, rectus verb 3 rule, direct
regredior regredi, regressus sum verb 3 dep go back, return
relinquo relinquere, reliqui, relictus verb 3 leave, leave behind, abandon
reliquus reliqua, reliquum adj the rest of, the other
repente indeclinable adverb suddenly
res rei, f noun 5 thing, affair, matter, business
res publica rei publicae, f noun phrase state, republic
resisto resistere, restiti + dat verb 3 resist, oppose
respondeo respondere, respondi, verb 2 answer, reply
responsus
responsum responsi, n noun 2 answer, reply
retineo retinere, retinui, retentus verb 2 hold back, restrain, keep
rex regis, m noun 3 king
ripa ripae, f noun 1 bank
rogo rogare, rogavi, rogatus verb 1 ask, ask for
rumpo rumpere, rupi, ruptus verb 3 break, burst, break through
rursus indeclinable adverb back, again
rus ruris, n noun 3 country, countryside
sacerdos sacerdotis, m and f noun 3 priest, priestess
saepe indeclinable adverb often
saevus saeva, saevum adj savage, cruel
salus salutis, f noun 3 health, safety, greeting
saluto salutare, salutavi, salutatus verb 1 greet, salute
sanguis sanguinis, m noun 3 blood
sapiens sapientis adj wise, sensible
sapientia sapientiae, f noun 1 wisdom, good sense
satis indeclinable adj enough
scelus sceleris, n noun 3 crime, wickedness
scio scire, scivi, scitus verb 4 know
scribo scribere, scripsi, scriptus verb 3 write
scutum scuti, n noun 2 shield
se sui pron himself, herself, itself, themselves
secundus secunda, secundum adj following, next, second, favourable
sed indeclinable conjunction but
sedes sedis, f noun 3 seat, temple, home
semel indeclinable adverb once
semper indeclinable adverb always
senator senatoris, m noun 3 senator
senatus senatus, m noun 4 senate
senex senis, m noun 3 old man
sententia sententiae, f noun 1 opinion, judgement, sentence
sentio sentire, sensi, sensus verb 4 feel, notice, hear, judge

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

sequor sequi, secutus sum verb 3 dep follow, pursue, attend
servo servare, servavi, servatus verb 1 save, protect, keep
servus servi, m noun 2 slave
si indeclinable conjunction if
sic indeclinable adverb thus, in this way
sicut indeclinable adverb just as, like, as, as if
signum signi, n noun 2 sign, signal, standard
silentium silentii, n noun 2 silence
silva silvae, f noun 1 wood, forest
similis simile adj similar, like
simul indeclinable adverb at the same time, together
simulac, (simulatque) indeclinable conjunction as soon as
sine + abl prep without
sinister sinistra, sinistrum adj left, on the left, unfavourable
sinistra sinistrae, f noun 1 left hand, left side
sino sinere, sivi, situs verb 3 allow, permit
sive, seu indeclinable conjunction or if, whether
socius socii, m noun 2 ally, comrade, companion
sol solis, m noun 3 sun, sunlight
soleo solere, solitus sum verb 2 semidep be accustomed
solum indeclinable adverb only
solus sola, solum adj alone, only, lonely, single
solvo solvere, solvi, solutus verb 3 loose, pay
navem solvo verb phrase set sail
somnus somni, m noun 2 sleep
sonus soni, m noun 2 noise, sound
soror sororis, f noun 3 sister
spatium spatii, n noun 2 interval, space, distance
specto spectare, spectavi, spectatus verb 1 look at, watch
sperno spernere, sprevi, spretus verb 3 despise, reject, scorn
spero sperare, speravi, speratus verb 1 hope, expect
spes spei, f noun 5 hope
spolium spolii, n noun 2 booty, spoil(s)
statim indeclinable adverb at once, immediately
statuo statuere, statui, statutus verb 3 fix, determine, decide, arrange
sto stare, steti verb 1 stand, stand firm
studium studii, n noun 2 eagerness, study, devotion
stultus stulta, stultum adj stupid, foolish
sub + abl or + acc prep under, beneath; up to
subito indeclinable adverb suddenly
sum esse, fui verb irreg be
summus summa, summum adj highest, greatest, top (of)
sumo sumere, sumpsi, sumptus verb 3 take, take up
supero superare, superavi, verb 1 overcome, overpower
superatus
supersum superesse, superfui verb irreg be left, remain, survive
superus supera, superum adj upper, higher
surgo surgere, surrexi verb 3 get up, stand up, rise
suscipio suscipere, suscepi, verb 3 take up, undertake, begin, bear
susceptus
suspicor suspicari, suspicatus sum verb 1 dep mistrust, suspect
suus sua, suum pron his (own), her (own), its (own), their (own)
taberna tabernae, f noun 1 shop, inn
tacitus tacita, tacitum adj quiet, silent, in silence
talis tale adj such
tam indeclinable adverb so
tamen indeclinable adverb however, nevertheless, yet
tandem indeclinable adverb at last, finally
tango tangere, tetigi, tactus verb 3 touch
tantum indeclinable adverb only
tantus tanta, tantum adj so great, such a great, so much
tectum tecti, n noun 2 roof, house
tego tegere, texi, tectus verb 3 cover, protect, hide
telum teli, n noun 2 weapon, javelin, missile
tempestas tempestatis, f noun 3 weather, storm, time
templum templi, n noun 2 temple
tempus temporis, n noun 3 time
teneo tenere, tenui, tentus verb 2 hold, keep, maintain
tergum tergi, n noun 2 back, rear
terra terrae, f noun 1 ground, land, earth
terreo terrere, terrui, territus verb 2 frighten
terror terroris, m noun 3 terror, panic
timeo timere, timui verb 2 fear, be afraid
timor timoris, m noun 3 fear, anxiety
tollo tollere, sustuli, sublatus verb 3 raise, lift up, remove, destroy

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

tot indeclinable adj so many
totus tota, totum adj the whole, entire, all
trado tradere, tradidi, traditus verb 3 hand over, entrust, hand down, surrender
traho trahere, traxi, tractus verb 3 pull, drag, draw
trans + acc prep across, over
tristis triste adj sad, gloomy, grim
tu tui pron you (singular)
tum indeclinable adverb then, next
tumultus tumultus, m noun 4 uproar, disturbance, civil war
turba turbae, f noun 1 crowd, mob, disturbance, multitude
tutus tuta, tutum adj safe
tuus tua, tuum pron your (singular)
ubi indeclinable adverb where? where, when
ubique indeclinable adverb everywhere
ullus ulla, ullum adj any
ultimus ultima, ultimum adj furthest, last, utmost
umquam indeclinable adverb ever
una indeclinable adverb together
unda undae, f noun 1 wave
unde indeclinable adverb from where, whence
undique indeclinable adverb from all sides, on all sides
urbs urbis, f noun 3 city, town, Rome
usque indeclinable adverb all the way, right up to, continuously
usus usus, m noun 4 use, experience, practice
usui est verb phrase it is useful
ut indeclinable + indic. conjunction as, where, when, how
ut indeclinable + subjunc. conjunction that, so that, to
uter? utra, utrum pron which (of two)?
uterque utraque, utrumque pron each (of two), both
utrum indeclinable adverb whether
utor uti, usus sum + abl verb 3 dep use, enjoy
uxor uxoris, f noun 3 wife
valeo valere, valui verb 2 be strong, have influence
validus valida, validum adj strong, powerful
-ve indeclinable conjunction or
vehementer indeclinable adverb violently, loudly, strongly
veho vehere, vexi, vectus verb 3 carry, bear, convey
vel indeclinable conjunction or, either
velut indeclinable adverb just as, like, as, as if
venio venire, veni verb 4 come
ventus venti, m noun 2 wind
verbum verbi, n noun 2 word
vereor vereri, veritus sum verb 2 dep fear, be afraid
vero indeclinable adverb indeed, in fact, however
verto vertere, verti, versus verb 3 turn
terga verto verb phrase retreat
verus vera, verum adj true, real
vesper vesperis or vesperi, m noun 3 or 2 evening
vester vestra, vestrum pron your (pl)
vestis vestis, f noun 3 clothes
veto vetare, vetui, vetitus verb 1 forbid, order…not
vetus veteris adj old
via viae, f noun 1 street, road, way, path
victor victoris, m noun 3 victor, conqueror
victoria victoriae, f noun 1 victory
video videre, vidi, visus verb 2 see
videor videri, visus sum verb 2 dep seem, appear, be seen
villa villae, f noun 1 country-house, estate, farm
vinco vincere, vici, victus verb 3 conquer, defeat, win, be victorious
vir viri, m noun 2 man, husband
virtus virtutis, f noun 3 courage, virtue
vis pl vires, f noun irreg force, violence; (pl) strength, forces
vita vitae, f noun 1 life
vito vitare, vitavi, vitatus verb 1 avoid
vivo vivere, vixi verb 3 live, be alive, (+ abl) live on
vivus viva, vivum adj alive, living
vix indeclinable adverb hardly, scarcely, with difficulty
voco vocare, vocavi, vocatus verb 1 call, summon, invite, name
volo velle, volui verb irreg want, wish, be willing, intend
vos vestrum / vestri pron you (plural)
vox vocis, f noun 3 voice, shout, word
vulnero vulnerare, vulneravi, verb 1 wound, injure
vulneratus
vulnus vulneris, n noun 3 wound, injury

Latin Notes Part of Speech Meaning(s)

vultus vultus, m noun 4 face, expression