5 PARAPHRASING TECHNIQUES

Technique 1: Paraphrase with Synonyms

1. Approximately 30,000 students may be assisted by the proposed “free lunch”
program.

- around
- supported
-offered

2. With the development of flash memory cards, the market for portable music
players jumped sharply.

-growth
-wholesales
-rised sharply

3. Although the coach’s strategy was a little dangerous, the team was successful.

-Despite of the fact that

- plan
-unsafe

4. Therefore, the effect was an increase in student examination results.

-as a result
- the consequence
-test scores
5. In addition, a strong typhoon is expected to batter the coast over the next few
days.

-additionally
-storm
-beat

6. The expenditure needed to combat climate change will require changes to the
federal government’s budget.
-money
-to fight
-financial plans

7. The engineer must judge how much dynamite to use according to

the volume of material to be removed from the tunnel.
-estimate
-regarding
-amount
8. Two of the students were expelled for violating the school’s “no
fighting” policy.

-kicked out of
-breaking
-rule
Technique 2: paraphrase by sentence combining

Part A: Combine Sentences with FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
1. Jennifer was good at literature, BUT Her sister had trouble with writing.
2. We can go to the new chicken restaurant, OR We can order in.
3. That movie scares me, SO I don’t want to watch the movie.
4. We passed through passport control, AND The four of us boarded the airplane.
5. The zoo’s only elephant was starving, FOR It had not eaten since last week.
6. I really disliked that teacher, BUT/ yet I still wanted to take his class.
7. I will not see you today, NOR will I see you tomorrow.

Part B: Combine Sentences with Joining Words: after, although, because,

before, since, unless, while
1. SINCE I have no money, I can’t go to the play.
2. ALTHOUGH Polar bears are cute, the mothers are dangerous if they think you
are threatening their cubs.
3. Some university classes are challenging, WHILE Others classes are boring.
4. AFTER The typhoon ended on Thursday, everybody went to the beach to
examine the damage.
5. My pet has fleas because it needs a bath.
6. BEFORE The party ended, we went to the beach to watch the sunset.
7. UNLESS you plan your time wisely, you won’t be able to study for all nine
exams next month.

Part C: Relative clauses: who, which and that.

Questions
1. Jim lives in Ottawa, WHICH is the capital of Canada.
2. Viruses are dangerous programs THAT usually enter a computer secretly.
3. Laura is a wealthy woman WHO rarely worries about the cost of things.
4. Toronto is a cosmopolitan city THAT is home for nationalities all across the
globe.
5. The angry teacher scolded a student WHO was bleeding.
6. I bought a second-hand car from a local dealer THAT turned out to be a lemon.
 7. I saw the photograph on the wall WHICH was taken at Angkor Wat.

Part D: Appositives: giải thích nghĩa của danh từ bằng mệnh đề (sử dụng dấu
phẩy)
Questions
1. My aunt lost her favorite ring, it as a gift from her sister.
2. The Han River ows through Seoul. It is South Korea’s second longest river.
3. The rst man in space was from Russia. He was Yuri Gagarin.
4. I sat beside Mr. Black, is a local prosecutor.
5. Janet’s dog sat under a tree and panted. Her dog is a mutt.
6. Dr. Jones loves to bake bread. He is a prize-winning baker.
Mr. James is the CEO of a venture software company. He is a good friend of mine.
Suggested Answers
1. My aunt lost her favorite ring, a gift from her sister.
2. The Han, South Korea’s second longest river, flows through Seoul.
3. The first man in space, Yuri Gagarin, was from Russia.
4. I sat beside Mr. Black, a local prosecutor.
5. Janet’s dog, a mutt, sat under a tree and panted.
6. Dr. Jones, a prize-winning baker, loves to bake bread.
7. Mr. James, the CEO of a venture software company, is a good friend of mine.

Technique 3: Paraphrase by Changing Active to Passive

1. My mother washes the floor every Saturday.

>> The floor is washed by my mother every Saturday

2. The policewoman is delivering the food to an orphanage.

>> The food to an orphanage is being delivered by the policewoman

3. That tall man in the corner mailed our package.

>> Our package is mailed by the tall man in the corner

4. The professor was helping a student when the bell sounded.

>> A student was being helped by the professor when the bell sounded

5. Millions of tourists have visited the Eiffel Tower.

>> the Eiffel Tower has been visited by millions of tourists
 6. John and George have been filling the on-line orders.

>> the online orders have been being filled by John and George

7. Jim had been tutoring the twins for six months before he decided to go to
Tibet.

>> the twins had been being tutored by Jim for six months before he decided to go
to Tibet
8. The green team will finish the new truck design by next week.

>> the new truck design will be finished by next week

9. In 2011, the columnist is going to be writing a book about Albert Einstein.

>> In 2011, a book about Albert Einstein is going to be being writen by the
columnist.

10. Next month, John will write a story about European hockey players.

>> Next month, a story about European hockey players will be written by John.

11. My son will have earned enough high school credits by next semester.
>> Enough high school credits will have been earned by next semester

12. The French professors used to teach students in the East Building.

>> students in the East Building used to be taught by the French professors.

13. My teachers would always assign spring break homework.

>> spring break homework would be always assigned by my teachers.

14. We all knew the team would finish the project on time.

>>we all knew the project would be finished on time by the team

15. I thought Jennifer was going to make the travel arrangements.

>> I thought the travel arrangement was going to be made by Jennifer.

 MARK: 7.